THE DIARY OF 
JAMES GALLATIN 



THE DIARY OF 
JAMES GALLATIN 

SECRETARY TO ALBERT GALLATIN 

A GREAT PEACE MAKER 

1813-1827 



EDITED BY 
COUNT GALLATIN 



WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY VISCOUNT BBYCE 



NEW EDITION 



NEW YORK 

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 

1916 



.G-a 

1916 



COPTRIGHT, 1914, 1916, BT 

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 




MAY 25 I9lb 
•CI.A431201 



PREFACE 

In 1875 my grandfather, James Gallatin, handed me a 
large sealed packet, telling me it contained his Diary 
from 1813 until 1827, also many important private 
documents. 

I was not in any case to publish any part of it until 
1900. He died the following year. It lay unopened and 
nearly forgotten until last year. On reading it, I found 
it of the deepest interest. This decided me (after weeding 
out large portions and suppressing anything that might 
offend) to offer it to the public. 

It throws a very clear light on the events leading up 
to the Treaty of Ghent, and on the actual conclusion of 
that treaty. James accompanied his father, Albert 
Gallatin, as private and confidential secretary. He was 
sixteen years of age when the Diary opens. 

Albert Gallatin held a unique position. Born at 
Geneva in 1761, of one of the most aristocratic families, 
he was left an orphan at an early age, and was brought 
up by his grandmother, Madame de Gallatin-Vaudenet. 
She was a woman of very strong character, an intimate 
friend of the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, and also of 
Voltaire. 

Albert Gallatin was much influenced by the latter's 
liberal theories; also he had imbibed the ideas of 
Rousseau and Condorcet. At the age of nineteen his 
grandmother informed him that she intended placing 
him in the army of the Landgrave with the rank of 
lieutenant-colonel. His answer was, "I will not serve 
a tyrant." A sharp box on the ears from her decided 

v 



PREFACE 

his future. Without the knowledge of any of his relations, 
and at that time the possessor of but a small fortune, he 
suddenly disappeared. The next heard of him was in 
America. 

In this connection the following letter of May 24, 1780, 
from Benjamin Franklin to Richard Bache, Postmaster- 
General of the United States, is of interest: 

Dear Son, 

Messieurs Gallatin and de Serre, two young 
gentlemen of Geneva of good families and very good char- 
acters, having an inclination to see America, if they 
should arrive in your City I recommend them to your 
Civilities, Counsel and Countenance. 

I am ever your affectionate father, 

B. Franklin. 

At the age of forty, Albert Gallatin held the position 
of Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. This 
post he held until 1814. 

In 1813, an official offer having been made by the 
Russian Minister, Count Dashkoff, of the mediation of 
Russia, with a view to making peace between England 
and the United States, Mr. Madison, the President, sent 
for Mr. Gallatin and requested him to proceed at once to 
St. Petersburg as head of a mission, appointing Mr. 
Adams (Minister to Russia) and Mr. Bayard as the other 
two delegates. 

On April 1, 1813, the Treasury was empty; but, with 
the assistance of John Jacob Astor,* Gallatin was enabled 
to make terms with the banking houses of Parish and 
Girard, and so saved the United States from bankruptcy. 
It was a bitter pill for the Federalists to swallow that 

* John Jacob Astor from Waldorf, Germany. At the age of sixteen 
he joined his elder brother, a dealer in musical instruments, in London. 
At the age of twenty with a small pack of furs he started on his own 
account in New York. Later he carried on a fur trade with the 
Indians, purchased real estate in New York and accumulated an im- 
mense fortune. 

vi 



PREFACE 

three foreigners (Parish was a Bohemian) should have 
achieved this; it also rather put American patriotism to 
shame. 

As the Diary will show, the mission to Russia was 
futile. But Gallatin made every effort, and with the aid 
of his friends, Madame de Stael, Generals Lafayette and 
Moreau, and Baron Humboldt, he obtained a personal 
interview with the Emperor Alexander in London. 
There is no doubt that the latter's influence had great 
weight. That Albert Gallatin under the greatest diffi- 
culties (particularly with his own colleagues) made the 
Treaty of Peace is now universally acknowledged. His 
being a foreigner was a great advantage to him as a 
negotiator in Europe — but placed him at a disadvantage 
in America. 

Lord Castlereagh and the Duke of Wellington were 
glad to treat with him, and in 1815 he practically com- 
pleted the Commercial Treaty, though by his tact he 
allowed Mr. Adams to imagine that he had done so. 

He was Minister in France from 1816 until 18213, and 
was the United States Ambassador in England from 
1826 to 1827. He was a man of the most simple tastes 
but of deep learning. Louis XVIII once laughingly said 
to him, "Your French is more perfect than mine, but 
my English is far better than yours." 

John Jacob Astor made him the most generous offer 
of a share in his business, Alexander Baring* did the 
same; he refused them both with the same answer, "A 
man holding the position I have must not die rich." 

He was offered the Treasury again in 1844. He did 
not answer the letter, but simply endorsed it, "Folly of 
which I take no notice." 

He died in 1849 at the age of eighty-eight. It was 
always his wish that my father, his eldest grandson, 
should return to Geneva, and that his children should not 
be brought up in America. 

* Alexander Buring. First Lord Ashburton. 
vii 



PREFACE 



I was brought up by my grandfather, James Gallatin, 
the author of this Diary. My father died at Geneva, in 
1859. 




London, 

October 1914. 



INTRODUCTION 

Just one hundred years ago three envoys from the United 
States met, at Ghent, three from Great Britain, in order 
to negotiate for a peace which should close the aimless 
and indecisive war which those countries had been waging 
for two years. After many weeks of wrangling, during 
which they often despaired of success, they succeeded, 
and on December 24, Christmas Eve, the treaty of the 
two nations was signed, which has given one hundred 
years of a peace several times endangered, but never 
broken, and now far more likely to continue unbroken 
than it ever was before. 

This result was mainly due to the tact, patience, self- 
control, and wisdom of Albert Gallatin, one of the Ameri- 
can Commissioners, the others being John Quincy Adams, 
Henry Clay, Bayard and Russell. Born at Geneva in 
1761 of an ancient family, originally from Savoy, he had 
gone to the United States in 1780, had entered Congress 
in 1795, and had at once risen to distinction there by his 
remarkable gifts — clearness of thought, power of logical 
argument, and steadfastness of purpose. As Secretary 
of the Treasury in the administrations of Jefferson and 
Madison from 1800 to 1813, he had resumed the wise 
financial policy of Alexander Hamilton, another natural- 
ized American citizen, and brought the finances of the 
country into a sounder condition than had ever been 
seen before. His eldest son, James Gallatin, then a boy 
of seventeen, acted as his father's secretary in the peace 
negotiations of 1814, and had already begun, when he 
accompanied his father to Europe in 1813, a private 
Diary which he continued during the period (1815-23) 

is 



INTRODUCTION 

when the latter was United States Minister in Paris, 
and which covers also the period (1820-27) of Albert 
Gallatin's last special diplomatic mission to England. 
The latest entry is October 9, 1827. 

This Diary, given many years ago by James Gallatin 
to his grandson, is now published by the latter, Count 
Gallatin. It is a singularly fresh, frank, and vivid 
record of the incidents which the young man saw in 
Holland, France, and England during his stay there, 
and of the sentiments which those incidents evoked 
when they happened. Young Gallatin had great ad- 
vantages as an observer, for while his father's position 
gave him access to the society of the ruling classes in 
the countries named, he was himself able to move about 
more freely than his father could, and see life on its 
unofficial side. Being moreover a detached observer, 
and in character and tastes more a Genovese than an 
American, he was able to survey men and things with 
an impartially critical eye, which in its youthful confidence 
spared nobody, except his father, and saw the faults of 
his American citizens at least as clearly as he did those 
of Frenchmen or Englishmen. 

The intimacy of his daily jottings gives us a lively 
picture of the Gallatin family. His mother, daughter of 
a distinguished naval officer, Commander Nicholson, and 
granddaughter of Sir Francis Nicholson, once Governor 
of Maryland, was a typical American Protestant and 
highly estimable Southerner of that time, altogether well 
regulated, and so loyal to her Puritan piety that she re- 
fused to attend on a Sunday any of the State and Court 
functions which the customs of the Bourbon Restoration 
allotted to that day. His sister, also well regulated, was 
not without liveliness and spirit. James, the diarist, is 
a bright fellow with plenty of humour and by no means 
well regulated. The ruling figure is, of course, the 
illustrious father. The picture of his character is all 
the more interesting because Albert Gallatin was a 

x 



INTRODUCTION 

singularly reserved and to strangers cold and even 
austere man, the product of generations of Calvinist 
ancestors, an aristocrat by sentiment, and though by 
conviction a stern republican, yet under no illusions as 
to the weak sides of democracy. His perseverance, his 
high sense of duty, and his clear, strong judgment came 
out both in the notices of his conduct in difficult moments 
and in the letters from his pen, some few of which have 
been very properly inserted in the book. Students of 
American history will value these familiar glimpses of a 
man who did not in his own day receive from the general 
American public the credit which his disinterestedness 
as well as his abilities deserved. He was not made for 
popularity, and he certainly never sought it, but those 
with or under whom he worked recognized his powers, 
and though there had often been friction between him 
and John Quincy Adams, that upright and public-spirited 
man insisted on his accepting the mission to London in 
1826, which Gallatin had sought to avoid. 

There are in this book many interesting sidelights on 
the remarkable events and personages of the time. 
Napoleon Bonaparte (during the Hundred Days) and 
the Duke of Wellington pass across the stage. Louis 
the Eighteenth appears frequently, and the Duke of 
Berri, of whose assassination in 1820 there is a vivid 
account. So does King George the Fourth and the Tsar 
Alexander I of Russia, and his Minister Pozzo di Borgo, 
the only Corsican, except the Bonapartes and Paoli, who 
has figured in European history since the tenth century. 
We hear a good deal about Lafayette and Madame de 
Stael, and Joseph Bonaparte and Madame Patterson 
Bonaparte (the wife of Jerome Bonaparte), while among 
the other personages more or less fully touched on, there 
are Alexander von Humboldt, Lord Castlereagh, Chateau- 
briand, Talleyrand (of whom there is a good anecdote), 
Count d'Orsay, Madame Recamier, Count Walevski, 
George Canning, Lord Goderich, and those two well- 

xi 



INTRODUCTION 

known memoir writers, the Countess de Boigne and 
Charles Greville. The anecdotes are often slight but 
generally diverting. There is a good deal of scandal, but 
it is so softened by the lapse of a century that even the 
descendants of the persons implicated need not greatly 
care. The anecdotes and the gossip present a lively pic- 
ture of the society of the time, more dissolute in France, 
more intemperate in England, more crude in America. 
On the social as well as the political side, the book is a 
contribution to history, and Europeans as well as Amer- 
icans may be glad that the Diary of this youthful diplo- 
matist has not shared the common fate of those to which 
young men consign their personal experiences. 

James Bryce. 



xu 



CONTENTS 

PART I 

FROM THE RUSSIAN OFFER OF MEDIATION TO THE *' 
CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 1 

PART II 

FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
TO THE SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY OF COM- 
MERCE 46 

PART III 

THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE: FROM THE RESTORATION 
OF THE BOURBONS TO THE ASSASSINATION OF 
THE DUC DE BERRI 78 

PART IV 

THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE: FROM THE ASSASSINA- 
TION OF THE DUC DE BERRI TO THE RETURN OF 
ALBERT GALLATIN TO AMERICA 165 

PART V 

THE SPECIAL MISSION TO ENGLAND 244 

APPENDIX I— CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN ALBERT 

GALLATIN AND ALEXANDER BARING 279 

APPENDIX II— LETTER FROM VOLTAIRE TO THE 

COMTE D'ARGENTAL 296 

APPENDIX III— TRANSLATION OF DECISION OF THE 

5th AUGUST, 1810 297 



Xlll 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

James Gallatin Frontispiece ^ 

By David, 1822. 

FACING PAGE 

Letter to Richard Bache 1 V* 

From the original. 

Hotel d'Alcantara, Ghent, where the American Commissioners 
lodged during the negotiations ending in the signing of the 

Treaty of Peace, December 24, 1814 36 • 

From the only known etching. 

Card to the ball given at the marriage of the Dauphin, father 
of Louis XVI 56 

Given to James Gallatin at Coppet, 1815, by the Marquis of Huntly. 
From the original. 

"Cupid and Psyche," by David, for which James Gallatin (eet. 
16) posed as Cupid 64 

Gaspar Gallatin 92 ^ 

Friend of Henri IV. 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte (three views) 144 * 

From a painting by Gilbert Stuart. 

/ 

Voltaire and Madame Denise 160 ^ 

From the original drawing by Marquise de la Vilette, given to 
Albert Gallatin at Ferney in 1778. 

Albert Gallatin 200 v 

Painted at Geneva in 1815, by Madame Meunier nle Romilly, 
sister of the first Lord Romilly. It is meant to be symbolic of 
the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, and is in the Library at 
Geneva. 

Mrs. James Gallatin (Josephine Marie Henriette Gallatin, nee 

Pascault) 248 ' 



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PARTI 

FROM THE RUSSIAN OFFER OF MEDIATION TO THE 
CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 

MARCH 1813— JANUARY 1815 

MARCH 12, 1813 

The Russian Minister Count Dashkoff offered mediation, 

on the part of the Emperor Alexander, to the Secretary 

of State. Father thinks this very important and of great 

weight. 

MARCH 14 

The President has decided to send a Commission to Russia 
without delay and has requested father to go. He 
feels that it is his duty. Father rarely talks to anybody 
now, his mind seems fully occupied with the grave situa- 
tion. I think I am the only person he confides in. He 
has decided to take me with him as his Private Secretary. 

MARCH 17 

Mr. Madison* told father to-day that there was nobody 
compared to him as a negotiator. It has pleased him 
greatly. Mr. Bayardf and J. Q. Adams, our Minister at 
St. Petersburg, form the Commission. 

APRIL 21 

We sail on May 9. 

* James Madison, President of the United States for two terms from 
1809 until 1817. 

t James Ashton Bayard, American Statesman, born 1767, died 
1815. 

1 



1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Extract from ALBERT GALLATIN'S letter of May 5 to his 
BROTHER-IN-LAW 

" I have made up my mind that I could in no other manner 
be more usefully employed for the present than on the 
negotiation of a peace. Peace is at all times desirable. 
England must be desirous at this critical moment to have 
it in her power to apply her whole force on the continent 
of Europe, and the mediation of Russia saves her pride." 

Diary resumed: 

MAY 9, 1813 

We sailed to-day from Newcastle — a ship called the 

Neptune, 300 tons — Captain Lloyd Jones, J. A. Bayard, 

G. H. Dallas, George Milligan, John Todd, father, and 

myself. 

MAY 10 

Head-winds. I am a bad sailor. I share father's cabin. 
He comes in now and then and looks at me gravely. He 
says he has no time to think of being sick. 

MAY 11 

A British frigate at anchor; she sent a boat with a 
lieutenant and the captain's compliments to father 
saying that he would be pleased to see him on board. 
Of course he declined, but sent Dallas and Milligan to 
present his compliments. Captain Jones also took 
Admiral Warren's passport to have it endorsed. The 
frigate is the Spartan — her Captain's name is Braynton. 

JUNE 20: GOTTENBURG 

We anchored in the quarantine grounds this morning. 
It being Sunday we only got our permission from Gotten- 
burg to land in the evening. I was only too glad to 
jump into a boat and go on shore after having been more 
than forty days at sea. We were only allowed on the 

2 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 

quarantine island. Wild roses in profusion. The island 
is only a barren rock. Returned on board at 10.30. 

JUNE 21 

We hired two boats to take us to Gottenburg. We landed 
five miles from Gottenburg as the current was so strong. 
We fortunately found carriages to take us to the town. 
While we waited for them we went into some of the houses; 
they are very dirty, horrible smells. All the women are 
ugly and blow their noses on their aprons. Such apologies 
for carriages — simply open carts, four of them, each 
drawn by half-starved ponies; wooden springs to the 
carts. The River Gotha full of shipping. We stopped 
at the house of a Mr. Dixon a nice Scotsman who had 
been American Consul. Several Americans came to see 
father. 

JUNE 22 

Returned to our ship after breakfast — sailed in the 
evening. . . . Father found a courier going to England 
and entrusted him with a letter to Alexander Baring 
which I copied for him.* 



JUNE 25: COPENHAGEN 

We landed this morning. Went to Bachalan's Hotel. 
Father let me go to see all the sights and afterwards 
questioned me by way of teaching me history. 

JULY 1 

We went on board this morning. South-east wind, 
which delays us greatly. Father called me on deck; 
pointed out where Lord Nelson fought his battle in 1801. 
He says all the fortifications are new. It was bom- 
barded in September 1807. Most of the houses destroyed 
and over two thousand killed. There seem to be 

* For the correspondence between Alexander Baring and Albert Gallatin 
see Appendix I. 



1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

batteries everywhere now and the population is armed. 
The King lives most simply. The Ministers have merely 
nominal salaries. Father says he cannot understand 
England and Russia's conduct toward Norway. It has 
thrown the nation into the hands of the French against 
their will. Great poverty and distress and much dis- 
content. The people struck me as most civil; they 
looked weary and oppressed, but are very sober. 

JULY 3 

Always head-winds. I do hope we will finish this voyage 
soon, it is so monotonous. Father wishes me to do a 
certain amount of work every day. I feel it is good for 
me and it certainly makes the time pass more rapidly. 

JULY 8 

Lovely weather but still head-winds. Just called on 
deck to see the coast of Courland. All on board are 
getting very weary and impatient to land. Father 
always keeps his serene temper. 

JULY 12 

Entered Gulf of Finland. We will soon be at the end 
of our voyage. 

JULY 21: ST. PETERSBURG 

After a tedious journey with little to interest one we 
arrived at St. Petersburg. It is very beautiful. Weather 
very warm. 

JULY 23 

Have been sight-seeing all day. St. Petersburg is very 
fine — great width of the streets and fine palaces. In 
the evenings father tells me much of Russian history. 
Mr. Adams* very civil but has a disagreeable manner. 
He is from New England, a "Yankee." 

* John Quincy Adams — 1767, died 1848, son of John Adams, second 
President of the United States. 

4 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 

JULY 25 

Father is much disappointed that no steps have been 
taken by England beyond a note discouraging arbitration 
altogether. He fears the English Government resent 
the offer of Russian mediation and that the President 
was a little hasty in sending the mission. 
The Emperor is not at St. Petersburg but with his 
army fighting Napoleon. He left Count Romanzoff in 
charge of foreign affairs and has taken Count Nesselrode 
with him. This father greatly regrets, as Count N. 
has great influence with the Emperor and thinks it to 
the interest of Russia to remain in close friendship with 
England. Count Romanzoff, on the contrary, was the 
instigator of the offer of mediation on the part of Russia, 
as he disapproves of the overpowering dominion of 
England on the sea. . . . 

JULY 29 

Our position is a very embarrassing one. We plainly see 
we are not wanted. Romanzoff is pressing the Emperor 
to renew his offer of mediation to England. . . . 

AUGUST 6 

Such weary waiting, and all seems so hopeless. My 
father's wonderful calm and patience surprise one and 
all. I, of course, being so young, find plenty of amuse- 
ment here; all is so new to me. To-day, after all corre- 
spondence was terminated, father began to talk to me. 
He warned me as to my future life — that is, if I decided 
to remain in America — never, above all things, to forget 
my birth and the duties that birth brings — never to do 
anything to dishonour a name which for centuries had 
never borne a stain — always to remember that true 
nobility was simplicity — always to be civil, particularly 
to those who were not my equal — to guard against the 
horde of adventurers who were certain to swarm to 
America — that the country was so vast that the hidden 

5 



1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

wealth in minerals, &c. &c, must be enormous — adven- 
turers would come with the lust of gold — men without 
scruples or conscience or education — that there would 
be terrible corruption — never to mix myself with any 
man who did not carry on his business or speculations 
in an honest manner — far better to die poor and honoured 
than to sully my name — that the country would suffer 
for years from corruption — immense fortunes would be 
made and lost and men of evil repute would, on account 
of the power of their money, keep corruption and dis- 
honesty afloat. . . . 

AUGUST 9 

I never saw people drink as the Russians do — a long 
buffet covered with bottles and glasses and caviare. 
They drink seven or eight glasses of vodka (fire water) 
before going into dinner. I have never touched spirits 
of any kind. After dinner the young men are all drunk 
and disgusting. . . . 

AUGUST 11 

Yesterday the Emperor's answer was communicated to 
father and the other envoys. He authorizes Romanzoff 
to renew offer of mediation to England, but to send it 
direct to London. . . . 

AUGUST 24 

Count Romanzoff summoned the envoys and read to 
them the dispatches renewing the offer. Father suggested 
two or three alterations and they were made. I seem to 
be writing all day — my head is in a whirl, but I suppose 
it is a good training for me. 

SEPTEMBER 2 

Father has written a long letter to-day to General Moreau.* 

We do our best to amuse ourselves here but it is very 

* Jean Victor Moreau, born at Morlaix, Brittany, 1763, killed in 
battle under the walls of Dresden. He was one of the most illustrious 
Generals during the Revolution. Arrested by the Order of Bonaparte, 

6 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 

weary work, the uncertainty is so great. Under all this 
strain father is always calm and shows no signs of 
anxiety. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 12 

To-day Count Romanzoff officially recognized father as 

envoy from America. . . . 

GENERAL MOREAU to ALBERT GALLATIN * 

August 21, 1813 
Mon cher Monsieur Gallatin, 

Me voila de nouveau a l'armee, pret a combattre 
Bonaparte et le faisant, je vous l'assure, sans la moindre 
repugnance, bien convaincu que si dans ma petite capacite 
je puis contribuer a sa chute, je recevrai aussi ma part de 
remerciements de la France et du monde entier: peu 
importe la banniere quand on reussit. Si Robespierre 
avait ete tue par les Royalistes, les Republicains les en 
auraient remercie 24 heures apres. 

J'ai appris avec bien du chagrin que votre mission 
n'aurait pas le resultat que nous etions tous promis, 
malgre la puissante mediation de S.M. Imperiale. Les 
Anglais ne veulent pas traiter de leurs droits maritimes 
sous aucune mediation. Voila ce que me dit un de 
leurs ministres en Allemagne. 

Quoique je n'ai pas l'honneur d'etre Americain je 
m'interesse bien sincerement au sort d'un pays ou j'ai 

tried for high treason, found guilty and sentenced to exile. He went 
to the United States of America in 1804 and remained there until 1813. 
He joined the army of the Emperor Alexander, and fought against 
Napoleon. 

* Translation of Letter of General Moreau to Albert Gallatin 
My dear Mr. Gallatin, 

Here I am back with the army, ready to fight Napoleon, and 
that, believe me, without the smallest compunction. For I am 
convinced that if the little I can do in my position contributes to his 
downfall, I also shall get my share of thanks from France and the 
whole world. Succeed and it matters little under what flag one fights. 

7 



1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

reste si longtemps et ou j'ai re^u tant de marques d'amitie. 
Je ne suis pas aveugle sur la position actuelle de ce pays, 
mais j'aurai toujours de la partialite pour lui. Je 
m'interesserai toujours a son bonheur et a. son succes. 

Le refus du gouvernement anglais doit vous mettre 
dans une situation tres-desagreable. 

Je vois d'ici les Federalistes exageres rire des maux 
de leur pays par 1'espoir de voir le triomphe de leur 
parti, et les exageres du parti contraire en profiter contre 
vous et le President; car il ne faut pas vous en flatter, 
quelque mecontentement que le refus des Anglais de 
traiter en Russie puisse occasionner la guerre ne sera pas 
nationale; il y'a trop d'egoisme; trop de richesse dans 
toutes les classes, et pas assez d'argent dans les caisses 
de l'etat, pour qu'on puisse esperer un mouvement assez 
vigoureux de la nation qui la mette dans une attitude 
imposante. 

Les Anglais veulent, dit-on, traiter de la paix sans 
mediation. Je le crois, mais il est a craindre que la 

If it had been the Royalists who slew Robespierre, the Republicans 
would have thanked them twenty-four hours after. 

I was indeed sorry to hear that in spite of the powerful intervention 
of his Imperial Majesty your mission would not meet with the success 
that we anticipated. As one of the English ministers in Germany said 
to me, "The English will not admit of any mediation when their 
rights at sea are under discussion." 

I have not the honour to be an American, but I am deeply inter- 
ested in the fate of a country where I have stayed so long and where 
I have received so many marks of kindness. I am far from being 
blind to the present position of your country, but I shall always have 
an interest in her welfare and success. 

The refusal of the English Government must place you in a very 
disagreeable position. I can imagine the extreme Federals laughing 
at disasters to their country in the hope of a party triumph; while 
I can see the Extremists on the other side making capital out of them 
to discredit you and the President. There is no use in deceiving 
yourself; America may be irritated by the English refusal to treat 
under the mediation of Russia, but the war will never be a national 
war. There is too much selfishness in every class, too much private 
money at stake, and too little in the public Exchequer to permit of 

8 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1813 

vanite americaine n'accede pas sur-le-champ a, cctte 
facon de faire, et que les malheurs de cette guerre con- 
tinuent encore quelque temps. S'il n'y a pas de com- 
motion interieure, ce ne sera qu'une perte d'argent, et 
la duree de la guerre aura pour les Anglais un grand 
desavantage, celui de vous apprendre de vous passer d'eux. 

Le pire sera l'avantage que vos enemis particuliers 
et ceux du President en tireront pour vous nuire, vous 
accuser de precipitation dans l'envoi de ministres avant 
de vous etre assures de l'accession de l'Angleterre. II 
est beau de commettre de pareilles erreurs. L'empresse- 
ment de faire cesser les maux de la guerre peut eprouver 
la censure de la politique, mais certes il meritera, a celui 
qui la montre, l'approbation des amis de l'humanite. 

Je desirais bien recevoir de vos nouvelles avant votre 

any hopes of a national movement strong enough to give to the country 
a commanding attitude. 

"But England they say wants peace without mediation." I think 
so too, but it is to be feared that American pride may prevent an 
immediate acceptance of the English proviso, and that the miseries of 
this war may continue for some time longer. If the feeling of the 
country is not aroused it will be but a waste of money, while England 
will also be a loser, for the length of the war will teach you to do 
without her. 

Worst of all will be the advantage that your own and the President's 
personal enemies will gain of damaging you, of accusing you of hasty 
action in despatching the mission before you had made certain of the 
willingness of England to treat. It is fine to make such mistakes. 
Though politicians may blame an eager determination to put an end 
to this disastrous war, the determination deserves, as all who support 
it deserve, the cordial approval of every friend of humanity. 

I would be glad to have some of your news before your return to 
America. His Imperial Majesty loads me with proofs of his friendship. 
He is kindness itself, and the most honest man of my acquaintance. 
He is keenly interested in America, and I am sure that you may 
always count on his readiness to use all his influence to bring about 
peace. If I can be of any assistance cither to yourself personally or 
to your mission, pray make use of me, and in the meantime believe 
me with kind regards, 

Your most humble and obedient servant. Moreau. 

9 



1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

retour en Amerique. S.M. [mpe'riale, I'homme le plus 
1 1 1 1 1 1 mi i 1 1 ci le plus honndte que je connaisse, me comble 
d'amitie\ II s'intc'resse aux Ame\ricains el sera toujours 
prdtj j en buis buXj a user de toute son influence pom- leur 
procurer la paix. Si je pouvais vous 6tre bon A quelque 
chose on pour votre mission ou pour \ 'oiis-mriiic veuillez 
disposer de moi e1 croire aux sentiments de la considera- 
tion la i>lns distingu6e avec laquelle j*' suis votre trfcs- 
humble el trds-obe'issant serviteuri 

Morea tj, 
An Quartier-Ge'neral I mix-rial, llrushova, 2] Aofit, L813« 

SEPTEMBEB 15: WEDNESDAY 

No answer from England, lather greatly distressed at 

t he death of ( leneral Moreau. 

SEPTEMBEB SO 

Nothing doing ><■ mediation; we have (<» wail patiently 
For answer. Father thinks nothing can be done in Russia 
and is anxious to go to England. 

SEPTEMBEB U 

We a must' ourselves as besl we can. It is not the season 

here. St. Petersburg deserted, hot with wind ami dust. 

1 go lt> the theatre and occasionally dim' out. . • . 

OCTOBEB 19 

A thunderclap to-day, Letters Irom Washington; one 

announcing officially that the Senate had rejected lather's 

nomination as head o[ the Commission l>\ mic vote. . . . 

THE SECRETARY OF STATE /.> the AMERICAN 
COMMISSIONERS 

Department ov Statu, 

a i, ,j itst ... is is 
Genti emen, 

I am very sorry io he under the necessity of coin- 

municating to you an event ^\ which there was no antic- 
ipation when you left the United States. 

10 



MAltY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

The even! to which I allude Ii the rejection by the 
Senate of the nomination of Mr. Gallatin on <h< - idea 
that his mission to Russia was incompatible with the 
office of Secretary of the Treasury • 

After the appointment of Mr. Jay, when Chief Justice 
<>r the United States, by President Washington, and of 
Mr. Ellsworth, when holding the same office, by President 
Adams, by which n member of a separate branch of the 
Government was brought into an oilier under the Execu- 
tive, and after the sanction given in practice as well as 
by law to the appointment of persons during ili<' absence 
of a head <>r a department to perform its duties, ii was 
presumed that there would n«>< be any Berious or tub 
stantial objection to the employment in ;> similar service 
of a member of the Administration itself. 

Although this nomination was opposed in the Senate 
;i ,<Miii as ii was acted on, yet ii was not believed that 
it would be rejected until the vote was taken. At an 
early stage the President was called on by a resolution 
of the Senate to state whether M»*. Gallatin retained the 
office of Secretary of the Treasury, and, in case he did, 
who performed the <luii<-:i of that department in his 
absence. The President replied that the office of Secre- 
tary was not vacated by Mr. Gallatin's appointment to 
Russia, and that the Secretary of 1 1 ■ < ~ Navy performed 
its duties in his, Mr. Gallatin's, absence. After this 
reply, which wan given in conformity with the President's 
own view:; of i lie subject, and wi ih those of Mr. Gallatin 
when lie left the United States, it was impossible for the 
President, without departing from his ideas of propriety 
in both respects, to have removed Mr. Gallatin from 
the Treasury to secure the confirmation of his nomination 

to Russia. H. would have been Still more improper to 

have taken thai step after <h<' rejection of the nomina- 
tion. The President resolved, therefore, to leave the 
mission on ili<- footing on which it was placed l>y the 
vole of the Senate by which the nomination of Mr. Adams 

11 



1813] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

and Mr. Bayard was confirmed. Whatever has been 
done jointly under the Commission, given to the three 
Commissioners by the President when you left the 
United States, in compliance with your instructions will 
not be affected by this event. 

OCTOBER 22 

Father had an interview with Count Romanzoff to-day. 
The latter begs him to remain in St. Petersburg but 
he thinks he ought, perhaps, to return at once to the 
Treasury. He feels now that he can act as he chooses as 
he is free. His political enemies are gaining power. He 
is strongly impressed with the idea that he ought to 
resume the negotiations. . . . 

OCTOBER 24 

After a stormy interview with Mr. Adams (Adams was 
the storm) father has decided to take his own course. 
He is sending Mr. Dallas to London to see Lord Castle- 
reagh, Count Lieven* and Mr. Baring, with the object of 
being in direct communication with them. . . . 

OCTOBER 26 

Father thinks of going himself to England or to go direct 
to the Emperor's headquarters. Count Romanzoff spoke 
to father a few days since about a Count Joseph Galati, 
a major-general in the Russian army. He wanted an 
introduction. He is going to call to-morrow, as he is 
only passing through St. Petersburg on his way to join 
the Emperor. . . . 

OCTOBER 27 

Count Galati called this afternoon. He says he is a 
branch of our family; that his family were from Savi- 
gliano in the Piedmont; that his father was intimate with 
Count Paul Michael de Gallatin, Councillor of State of 

* Count Lieven, afterwards Prince Lieven, Russian Ambassador at 
the Court of St. James. 

12 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

the Republic of Geneva, who acknowledged relationship. 
He was very charming, and father does not doubt the 
relationship. Count Paul Michael was the head of our 
family and my father was his ward. Count Galati is a 
great person in Russia. He was in full uniform, covered 
with orders and stars. He kindly explained them to me. 
He has the following orders: the Military Orders of 
St. George and St. Vladimir of Russia, St. Maurice and 
St. Lazare of Sardinia, and the Sovereign Order of 
St. Jean of Jerusalem. He so deeply regrets he is leaving 
to morrow as he wishes us to go to his country house. . . . 

OCTOBER 28 

Lord Walpole has arrived. Father is greatly annoyed 

at his openly talking of Count Romanzoff's "intrigues." 

OCTOBER 30 

Count Romanzoff has just sent father a note informing 

him that he intended retiring from office but that he will 

remain Chancellor until he has closed the affairs of the 

mission. 

DECEMBER 1 

It seems all the trouble has been made by the Emperor 
forgetting to communicate a most important note to 
Count R., which put him in a false position. So after all 
Lord Castlereagh was not to blame 

JANUARY 12, 1814 

Father has decided to leave St. Petersburg as there is not 

a word from the Emperor. . . . 

JANUARY 26 

We leave to-day. Mr. Bayard accompanies us. 

MARCH 5: AMSTERDAM 

After a terrible, cold, and weary journey we arrived here 
last night. . . . 

13 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MARCH (5 

We learnt with great pleasure to-day that Lord Castle- 
reagh's oiler of direet negotiations has been met by the 
President by the appointment of a new Commission. 
Father's name was omitted. It seems the President 
thinks he is on his way back to take up the Treasury. . . . 

MARCH 20 

The President has discovered the mistake and appointed 

Father as one of the Commission. . . . 

MARCH 28 

Father received to-day the necessary permission from 
Mr. Baring to visit England. We are leaving imme- 
diately. . . . 

APRIL 9: LONDON 
Arrived here to-day. 

APRIL 11 

Father wants to change the place for the negotiations. 
He thinks London would be far better. He would then 
be in direct touch with Lord Castlereagh. We are now 
comfortably settled in apartments in Seymour Street. 
I find London very dull in comparison to Paris and St. 
Petersburg. Our position is not a very pleasant one; we 
have many invitations, and I think all mean to be civil 
and kind, but there is always a feeling of constraint. . . . 
The only house where we seem to be really welcome 
is Mr. Baring's. 

APRIL 13 

Father sees a great deal of his old friend Monsieur 
Dumont.* He brought Jeremy Bentham| to introduce 
him to-day. We dine with Monsieur I), to-morrow. . . . 

* Andr6 Dumont, politician, born 1764, died 1836. Banished by 
Louis XVIII in 1S16 under the law against regicides. 

f Jeremy Bentham, born 1748, died 1832, a political and philo- 
sophical writer. 

14 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

APRIL 14 

. . . Dined with Lord Bathurst, stiff and formal. . . . 

APRIL 15 

Oh! the horrors of Sunday in London. It is indeed a 
day of rest. 

Englishwomen are not pretty; they are either coarse 
or very delicate. Complexions fine but too red. Dress 
so very badly — no taste. . . . 

APRIL 17 

I have been nearly every day to the British Museum. 

Father wanted many works consulted and notes 

taken. . . . 

I looked up Barthelemy de Gallatin.* He was Colonel of 

the Mounted Grenadiers. lie died in 1786 and is buried 

at Brompton near his country house. I found his name, 

&c. &c, in an old Army list. He left two daughters. . . . 

APRIL 18 

I have seen the Prince Regent walking in the Mall. 
He is handsome. The Queen I have seen several times. 
She keeps great state. . . . 

The following letters of Albert Gallatin to W. II. Crawford and Gen- 
eral Lafayette are of interest in connection with the negotiations as show- 
ing the diplomatic difficulties with which the mission had to contend. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to W. H. CRAWFORDf 

London, April 21, 1814 
My dear Sir, 

Mr. Bayard and myself left St. Petersburg on 
January 25, remained four weeks at Amsterdam, and 
arrived here on the 9th inst. I could not write to you 
sooner, there having been no communication with Paris 

* Barth61emy de Gallatin, Lieut.-Colonel Second Troop of Horse 
Grenadier Guards, 7th April, 1759. (From the military register for 
the year 1770.) 

t William H. Crawford, Secretary of War in the United States. 

15 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

from Holland, and Mr. Poletica, who is the bearer of this, 
having offered the first safe opportunity for a confidential 
letter. 

Messrs. Clay and Russell, who are jointly with Messrs. 
Adams and Bayard appointed to open a direct negotia- 
tion for peace with Great Britain, arrived at Gottenburg 
on the 12th inst., after a passage of forty-six days; but 
as they had not reached the town when the last packet 
sailed, we have not yet received any letter from them, 
or any American news brought by the vessel in which 
they came. 

There is a newspaper report of Norfolk, under date of 
February 12, stating that G. W. Campbell was made 
Secretary of the Treasury, Rush Attorney-General, and 
that I had been nominated fifth Commissioner to treat 
of peace with England. My stay in Europe will, of 
course, depend on the official account which Messrs. Clay 
and Russell will have brought. You are sufficiently aware 
of the critical situation in which the restoration of a 
general European peace has placed our affairs. The 
numerous English forces in France, Italy, Holland, and 
Portugal ready for immediate service, and for which 
there is no further employment in Europe, afford to this 
Government the means of sending both to Canada and 
to the United States a very formidable army, which 
we are not prepared to meet with any regular, well- 
organized force; and they will also turn against us as 
much of their superabundant Naval forces as they may 
think adequate to any object they may have in view. 
In the prosecution of the war the Ministry would be 
supported by the general voice of the nation. In the 
intoxication of an unexpected success, which they ascribe 
to themselves, the English people eagerly wish that their 
pride may be fully gratified by what they call the " punish- 
ment of America." They do not even suspect that we 
had any just cause of war, and ascribe it solely to a 
premeditated concert with Bonaparte at a time when 

16 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

we thought him triumphant and their cause desperate. 
That such opinions should be almost universally enter- 
tained here by the great body of the people is not at all 
astonishing. To produce such an effect, and thereby 
render the American war popular, the Ministerial powers 
have had nothing more to do than to transcribe American 
Federal speeches and newspapers. If Pickering, Quincy, 
Strong, Hanson, &c, have not brought a majority of the 
American people to their side, they have at least fully 
succeeded here, and had no difficulty in convincing all 
that part of the English community which derives its 
information from political journals that we had no cause 
of complaint, and acted only as allies of Bonaparte. I 
understand that the members of the Cabinet do not 
participate in that opinion, but it will certainly require 
an effort on their part against popular feeling to make 
peace with America. It must be added that even there 
(in the Cabinet) a belief is said to be entertained that a 
continuance of the war would produce a separation of 
the Union, and perhaps a return of the New England 
States to the Mother Country. The multitude of persons 
in the Army or Navy, or connected with the war, attached 
to the governing party, and whom peace will throw out 
of employment, will also press on Government; and 
although it is probable that the immense military and 
naval establishments of this country will be so far reduced 
as to enable Government to dispense with the most 
unpopular war taxes, a prosecution of the war against 
the United States would afford a convenient pretence for 
preserving a much more considerable standing force 
than is necessary and would otherwise be allowed by 
Parliament. It may, on the whole, be reasonably inferred 
that the Ministers will be neither disposed to make the 
least concession — for doing us justice on any point would 
receive that name — in order to obtain peace, nor at aU 
displeased in case of failure of the negotiations. 

The only external check to those dispositions can be 

17 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

ft hi iid in the friendly interposition of the Emperor 
Alexander, not as a mediator but as a common friend, 
pressing on this Government the propriety of an accom- 
modation, and expressing his strong wishes for a general 
restoration of peace to the civilized world. I do not 
know whether your situation affords you means of 
approaching him, and can only state my opinion of the 
great importance that an early opportunity should be 
taken by you, or any other person you may think fitted 
for the object, to call his attention to the situation in 
which we are left, and to the great weight which his 
opinion in favour of peace on liberal conditions, strongly 
expressed to this Government, must necessarily have at 
this time. Of his friendly disposition for the United 
States there is no doubt; but we may be forgotten; 
and it is necessary that he should be apprised of the 
hostile spirit which prevails here, and which, if not 
balanced by some other cause, may even carry Ministers 
beyond their own wishes and views. It should also 
be stated that our Government, having accepted one 
year ago the Emperor's mediation, and not having sup- 
posed that, considering the political connection between 
him and Great Britain, she could reject that offer, no 
other provision was made on our part to obtain peace 
until our Government was apprised in January last of 
the rejection of the mediation by England. Thus was a 
delay of a, year produced, and the opening of our negotia- 
tions unfortunately prevented till after England is at 
peace with the rest of the world; a circumstance which, 
although it docs not give us a positive right to claim 
the Kinperor's interference, affords sufficient ground to 
present the subject to his consideration. I entreat you 
to lose no time in taking such steps as may be in your 
power in that respect, and to write to me whatever you 
may think important for the success of the mission 
should be known to us. The only modes of safe convey- 
ance which I would recommend would be private American 

18 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

opportunities, or through the channel of the Russian 
Secretary of State, or of Mr. Poletica, directing to me 
under cover of "Count Lieven, Ambassador Extraordinary 
of H.I.M. the Emperor of all the Russias, London." 

I send General la Fayette's patents, which were erro- 
neously put in my hands instead of yours, and which 
I have had no previous safe opportunity to transmit. 
My last letters from my family were dated January 23, 
when they were all well; but I have none of a late date 
from Government or from any of its members. 

I am, my dear sir, with great respect and sincere 
attachment, truly yours. 

Albert Gallatin. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to GENERAL LAFAYETTE 

London, April 21, 1814 
Dear Sir, 

I regret that your patents should be put in my hands 
instead of being entrusted to Mr. Crawford, as no safe 
opportunity has as yet offered itself for their conveyance. 

I had the pleasure of seeing very often your friend 
Tracy at St. Petersburg, and left him there in good health 
on January 25. 

I believe that I am not mistaken in offering you my 
congratulations on the late events in France. It would 
certainly have been desirable that the changes should 
have been produced by the spontaneous will of the French 
people rather than to appear to have been forced by a 
foreign army. But if such was to be the mode, you 
are most singularly fortunate that the Emperor Alexander 
should have been the agent. With respect to the result 
itself, I think that every friend of rational liberty and of 
humanity must rejoice at the overthrow of the detestable 
tyranny under which you and a great part of Europe 
groaned, and in the hope that you have at last laid the 
foundations of institutions probably as free and liberal 
as you are susceptible of. My attachment to the form 

19 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

of government under which I was born and have ever 
lived never made me desirous that it should, by way of 
experiment, be applied to countries which might be better 
fitted for a limited monarchy. And if this be that which 
suits you best, I think the ancient dynasty in every 
respect preferable to a new one. Unfortunately, whilst 
the greater part of the civilized world rejoices at the 
restoration of a general peace, the United States alone 
remain at war, and are placed in a more critical situation 
than ever they were since the first years of their revolu- 
tion. Pride, avarice, and ambition will throw here great 
obstacles to an accommodation for which there has ever 
been, on our part, the most sincere disposition. I write 
to you well knowing your unalterable attachment for 
America, and that, if in your power, you will lend your 
assistance in promoting that result. 

Albert Gallatin. 
Diary resumed : 

APRIL 23 

Father very busy. He has been in close conference with 
Lords Castlereagh, Liverpool, and Bathurst. There is 
much to be discussed. . . . 

APRIL 26 

Still waiting to hear when the English Commission think 
of starting for Ghent. Father would have much preferred 
carrying out the negotiation in London, but our other 
Commissioners refused point-blank; they were either 
afraid or too proud to come to England. Of course they 
look upon father as a foreigner. This has annoyed him 
very much. He will, I fear, have a very tough time of it 
in keeping his colleagues in unison, although, by the 
accident of his being appointed last on the Commission, 
he is practically the head of it. This position all the 
Commissioners acknowledge with the exception of Mr. 
Adams, who is a firebrand. . . . 

20 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

Father is annoyed at the attitude taken by Messrs. 
Adams and Clay.* They both have written to him in the 
same strain refusing to consent to the delegates sitting in 
London. The reason they both give is that they are 
plain Americans and that in England they would only be 
snubbed and treated as colonists, adding: "You are a for- 
eigner, which places you on an entirely different footing." 

MAY 2 

We dined with Lord Liverpool on Saturday. Nothing 

new. 

MAY 12 

I have just written a letter to Mr. Monroe f at father's 
dictation. He fears that England is determined to 
isolate the United States and cut her off from the Baltic 
Powers. This has made him more keen than ever. We 
remain here until we hear from the Commissioners at 
Gottenburg, but are ready to leave the moment he hears 
the English Commissioners are on their way to Ghent. 

MAY 22 

Father is doing his utmost to obtain the mediation of the 
Emperor Alexander. The latter he hears is coming to 
England. He is using all the influence in his power to 
have a personal interview. . . . 

Letter from Gen. Lafayette to Mr. Crauford, giving an account of an inter- 
view with the Emperor Alexander and showing the latter' s inclination to 
-promote, peace. 

May 2G, 1814 

My dear Sir, 

I passed the last evening in company with the 
Emperor Alexander, who, however prepossessed in his 
favour I may have been, has surpassed my expectations. 

* Henry Clay, Orator and Statesman, born in Virginia, U.S.A., 1777, 
died 1852. Speaker in 1808 in United States Senate. 

t James Monroe, Secretary of State, November, 1811, to February s 
1815. President of the United States, 1817-1825. 

21 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

He really is a great, good, sensible, noble-minded man, 
and a sincere friend to the cause of liberty. We have 
long conversed upon American affairs. It began with 
his telling me that he had read with much pleasure and 
interest what I had sent him. I found ideas had been 
suggested that had excited a fear that the people of the 
United States had not properly improved their internal 
situation. My answer was an observation upon the 
necessity of parties in a Commonwealth, and the assertion 
that these were the happiest and freest people upon 
earth. The transactions with France and England were 
explained in the way that, although the United States 
had to complain of both, the British outrages came nearer 
home, particularly in the affair of impressments. He 
spoke of the actual preparation and the hostile dis- 
positions of England. 

I, of course, insisted on the importance of his mediation, 
the confidence reposed in him by the United States, who 
hastened to send Commissioners chosen from both parties, 
and which he very kindly acknowledged. He said he had 
twice attempted to bring on a peace. "Do, sir," said I, 
"make a third attempt; it must succeed; ne vous arretez 
pas en si beau chemin. All the objects of a war at an 
end, the re-establishment of their old limits can be 
less opposed, as the Americans have gained more than 
they have lost. A protraction of the war would betray 
intentions quite perverse and hostile to the cause of 
humanity. Your personal influence must carry the 
point. I am sure your Majesty will exert it." "Will," 
says he, "I promise you I will. My journey to London 
affords opportunities, and I will do the best I can." I 
told him I had received a letter from Mr. Gallatin now 
in London, and we spoke of him, Mr. Adams, Mr. Bayard, 
and the two new Commissioners. I had also other occa- 
sions to speak of America — one afforded me by the 
Swedish Marshal Stadinck, who mentioned my first going 
over to that country; another by a well-intentioned 

22 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

observation of Madame de Stael that she had received a 
letter from my friend Mr. Jefferson, of whom she spoke 
with great regard. This led to observations relative to 
the United States and the spirit of monopoly in England, 
extending even to liberty itself. The Emperor said, they 
had been more liberal in Sicily than I supposed them. 
I did not deny it, but expressed my fears of their pro- 
tecting Ferdinand against the Cortes. His sentiments on 
the Spanish affairs were noble and patriotic. The slave- 
trade became a topic upon which he spoke with philan- 
thropic warmth. Its abolition will be an article in the 
general peace. You see, my dear sir, I had fully the 
opportunity we were wishing for. If it has not been 
well improved, the fault is mine. But I think some good 
has been done. And upon the promise so candid and 
generous I have full dependence. If you think proper to 
communicate these details to Mr. Gallatin be pleased to 
have them copied. He spoke very well of him, and 
seemed satisfied with the confidence of the United States 
and the choice of their representatives to him. By his 
last accounts Mr. Adams was at St. Petersburg. 

The particulars of this conversation ought not, of 
course, to be published; but you will probably think it 
useful to communicate to the Commissioners. . . . 

JUNE 2 

The Emperor is expected in London next week. The 
European Treaty of Peace has been signed. He comes 
as the guest of England. This will make it more difficult 
for father, as the position will be a delicate one. Lord 
Castlereagh arrives to-day or to-morrow. It seems that 
the exclusion of all Maritime questions or any interference 
re America was one of the conditions of the Chatellon 
Conference. 

JUNE 4 

Father anxious — waiting to hear from General Lafayette. 
I am just going to Eton to see the festivities. 

23 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JUNE 6 

He received a letter from M. Lafayette this morning, 
from Paris. It gave him a brief resume of his interview 
with the Emperor Alexander at Madame de StaeTs. He 
begs father if possible to remain in England to have a 
personal interview with the Emperor, which he says the 
Emperor promised to grant him — but that it must be of 
a private nature. He also mentions that Baron Humboldt 
has also approached his Majesty — and adds that the 
latter "puts himself at your disposal." 

JUNE 10 

The Emperor arrived to-day. He is lodged at Leicester 
House, Leicester Fields. This is the palace that the 
eldest daughter of James I occupied; she was known 
as the "One-year Queen of Bohemia." Her daughter 
was the Electress Sophia, mother of George I. . . . 

JUNE 14 

The Emperor's aide-de-camp called to-day. He said the 
Emperor had sent him to say that on June 18 he would 
receive us privately at 11.30. . . . 

As it is a delicate matter there has not been any cor- 
respondence on the subject. . . . 

JUNE 18 

As arranged, his Majesty received father this morning. 
We went accompanied by Mr. Levitt Harris, a secretary 
to the St. Petersburg Mission. Our minister offered the 
loan of his coach. This father thought wise to refuse, 
and hired a common hackney-coach so as to attract as 
little attention as possible. The streets were crowded. 
It is the day of the banquet given by the City of London 
to the allied Sovereigns. Only father and myself were 
admitted to his Majesty's presence. There were crowds 
waiting for audiences. We were passed in at once. 

24 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

Father was presented and then presented me; then all 
withdrew except his Majesty. He is a splendid-looking 
man, was in full uniform and covered with jewelled 
orders and stars. He was most gracious, and said he 
had the most friendly feeling toward the United States. 
He added that he feared his intervention would be of 
little use — that he had made three attempts since he had 
been here, but that "England will not admit a third 
party to interfere in her disputes with you." This he 
said on account of our former Colonial relations, which 
are not forgotten. He also expressed an opinion with 
regard to the conditions of peace, saying: "The difficulty 
will be with England." He also spoke of Madame de 
Stael as a woman of "great brain and courage." He 
congratulated father on being her cousin. Father 
expressed his deep gratitude to his Majesty for granting 
him an audience, and the gratitude of the United States 
for the interest and friendship he had shown. As we 
withdrew he patted me on the head and said, "You 
are rather young to be in diplomacy." 
I wore a suit of Chinese nankeen, white silk stockings, 
high white choker, with a breast-pin of seed-pearls mother 
gave me before I left home. They call my hair auburn — 
I call it red. I am afraid I looked very young. 
Poor Mr. Levitt Harris was furious at not being present, 
but the Emperor's order was "Monsieur Gallatin et 
son fils." 



JUNE 19: LONDON, SUNDAY 

Copied note which the Emperor gave father permission 
to send. The latter does not think it will have any 
effect. The illuminations last night were very fine — far 
surpassing anything I have ever seen. Although father 
is an "Envoy Extraordinary" here, his position is of 
such a delicate nature that it is impossible for him to 
accept any public invitations. 

25 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JUNE 20 

Lord Castlereagh informed father that the English 
Mission will start on July 1 for Ghent. . . . 

JUNE 21 

We leave to-morrow for Ghent by way of Paris, where we 

will remain for a week if possible. . . . 

JUNE 26: PARIS, SUNDAY 

We arrived at five o'clock to-day. 

JUNE 27 

Father had a long visit from General de Lafayette, 
accompanied by Baron Humboldt.* They were both 
much pleased that he had had an interview with the 
Emperor Alexander, but both agree with him that they 
fear now Russian mediation will be of little use. . . . 

JUNE 29 

I saw the King to-day driving in state . . . went to 

the Frangais in the evening — Racine's Phedre very fine. 

The King and other members of the Royal Family were 

present. 

JUNE 30 

I went to Versailles to-day. What memories it awakens, 
particularly the Petit Trianon ! I do not think there is 
a palace in the world to equal Versailles. I shut my eyes 
and conjured up Louis XIV and his Court with all its 
splendours. I was accompanied by a son of the Due de la 
Rochefoucauld D'Enville. He is most interesting, and 
told me many quaint episodes of history. One which 
impressed and amused me was that when the Electress 
Sophia, "mother of George I," came on one occasion to 
visit her sister, the Duchesse d'Orleans, on taking leave 
of the Queen, etiquette required that she should only 
raise the skirt of the Queen's robe and kiss it, being only 

* Baron Humboldt, born 1767, died 1835. Statesman and Author. 

26 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

an electress. The Queen, to avoid her doing this, stepped 
behind a chair, and the electress kissed the chair. 

JULY 1 

We leave to-morrow for Ghent by easy stages as father 
is not feeling very well. . . . 

JULY 7: GHENT, THURSDAY 

We arrived here to-day and are lodged very comfortably 

in the Hotel d'Alcantara, corner of the Rue des Champs. 

Ghent looks clean and cheerful. The inhabitants speak 

only Flemish. All seem employed in commerce. There 

is an English garrison here; the uniforms make the 

streets very bright. 

They call private residences hotels in this country. The 

house is large and all the delegates are to lodge here. 

JULY 9 

No news of the English Mission. 

JULY 15 

Nothing to do. Mr. Adams in a very bad temper. 
Mr. Clay annoys him. Father pours oil on the troubled 
waters. I am now reading a history of the Low Coun- 
tries. . . . The women are so ugly here. . . . 
We had waffles for breakfast — it reminded me of home. 
It seems they are an old Dutch dish. . . . 

AUGUST 7 

At last ! The British Mission arrived this afternoon. 
We heard they were coming and I actually saw them ar- 
rive. They are lodged in a fine Carthusian monastery. . . . 

AUGUST 8 

To-day was the first meeting. The British Commissioners, 

as a base of discussion re the treaty — demanded that the 

Indian tribes should have the whole of the North- Western 

Territory. 

27 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

This comprises the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, :ind 
Illinois four-fifths of [ndiana and the third of Ohio. 
That an Indian sovereignty should be constituted under 
the guarantee of Great Britain: this is to protect Canada. 
Father mildly suggested that there were more than a 
hundred thousand American citizens settled in these 
States and territories. The answer was: "They must 
look after themselves." Father is not impressed with 
the British delegates. They are Lord Gambier, Henry 

Goulbum,* and William Adams men who have not 
made any mark and have no influence or weight. He 
attaches but little importance to them as they art 1 but 
the puppets of Lords Castlereagh and Liverpool. Father 
feels he is quite capable of dealing with them. . . . 

AUGUST J) 

The other demands are of little importance. They 
consist o[ Sackett's Harbour and Fort Niagara, so as to 
have control of the lakes. But all this means the dis- 
memberment o{ the United States. . . . 

Father drafted the rejection of the British " Sine qua non." 

AUGUST 10 

Father finds greater difficulty with his own colleagues. 
The accident which placed him at the foot of the Com- 
mission placed Mr. Adams at the head of it. Messrs. 
Clay, Bayard, and Russell let Mr. Adams plainly know 
that, though he might be the nominal mouthpiece, 
Gallatin was their leader. Clay uses strong language to 
Adams, and Adams returns the compliment. Father 
looks calmly on with a twinkle in his eye. To-day there 
was a severe storm, and father said, "Gentlemen, 
gentlemen, we must remain united or we will fail. . . ." 

•Henry Goulburn (1784-1856). Member for Borsham, L308. 
Under Secretary for Home Affairs, 1810. Under Secretary for War, 
1812. Chancellor of the Exchequer to the Duke of Wellington, 1828. 
Some Secretary, 1835. IK- was elected member for Cambridge 

University in 1831. 

28 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

AUGUS1 11 

Mr. Adams insisted upon drafting the first dispatch 
to-day and submitted to the others for a, revision. Mr. 
Bayard used it simply as a foundation for his own draft; 
after quarrelling they referred to father. He put it into 
shape, and after endless discussion all the Commissioners 
ended by adopting it. After this father drafted all other 
dispatches. He wishes ;ill dispatches to be without any 
offence to the feeling of the English delegates. 

AUGUST 12 

He fears negotiations will soon come to an end and has 
but little hope; he does not think the British Govern- 
ment wish to make peace or they would have sent more 
powerful delegates. 

AUGUST 20 

To-day I copied a private note from hirn to Mr. Monroe: 
"We will not remain here long, the position is untena- 
ble; I am preparing for departure. Our negotiations 
may be considered at an end. Great Britain wants 
war in order to cripple us; she wants aggrandisement 
at our expense. I do not expect to be longer than 
three months in Europe." 

Still lingering on and nothing arrived at. We are kept 
in absolute ignorance of the cause of the delay. It is 
most galling. It seems Mr. Goulburn does everything 
to obstruct matters. This may be to gain time to receive 
his orders from Lord Castlereagh. . . . 

AUGUST 21 

We all dine at the Intendant's to-day, the delegates of 
both sides. 

They always entertain here on Sunday — how different 
from London ! It is the gayest day. The working people 
have a cheerful holiday; in London they show joy by 
getting drunk. . . . 

29 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
AUGUST 22 

Mr. Clay sat next to Mr. Goulburn; he told father 
afterwards that he had decidedly made Goulburn 
understand that we intended to await further instructions 
from America. Mr. Bayard also had a long conversation 
after dinner with Mr. Goulburn, but he said he made 
no impression. . . . 

AUGUST 23 

Lord Castlereagh arrived here to-day on his way to Vienna. 

AUGUST 24 

He had a long conference with his delegates, after which 
he saw father, and was most gracious. I was present. 
He said he had written to Lord Liverpool. . . . 

AUGUST 26 

Father much fears that Mr. Adams will do harm. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 3 

Father is much annoyed with Mr. Goulburn. He 
saw him to-day. The latter said: "I don't think you 
have the slightest intention of making peace." Father 
answered: "Surely you cannot mean this! Why 
should I have taken the long journey to Russia in 1813 
and given up everything else in the one hope of making 
peace?" 

SEPTEMBER 4 

We have given notice to our landlord and intend leaving 
on October 1. Father is quite convinced that Mr. 
Goulburn has made some serious mistakes and that he 
has been reprimanded. 

SEPTEMBER 5 

A note from Lord Bathurst: the pith of it is that it 
would be more becoming on the part of the United States 

30 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

to agree to surrender the Lakes to England and the 
North- West Territory to the Indians. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 9 

Mr. Adams drafted a long reply to it, which he submitted 
to father, who did not approve of it as it would only 
add fuel to the fire. He wrote his own reply, and for a 
wonder Mr. Adams approved of it. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 15 

There is a continual passing of notes and we still are no 
nearer a solution. Father is getting rather despondent, 
but only shows this to me, keeping a cheerful and hopeful 
demeanour before the others. The Indian Territory 
question is a great difficulty. Father says if the Indians 
were included in the peace — and to be in the same position 
as they were — our Government would break off negotia- 
tions. He was of opinion that it would be folly to break 
up negotiations on that account. 

England could not now retreat from the position she 
had taken up with regard to the Indian Territory with 
dignity. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 20 

Father has drafted a reply to the British note. It is 
to this end, that they were willing to recognize the 
Indians as an independent nation; they refused to 
allow them to be included in the treaty in any manner, 
although they would be allowed their old rights and 
privileges. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 26 

The note was signed to-day and sent to Washington. 
Mr. Goulburn came to see father. He was most gracious 
and informed him he relied on his tact and good sense 
that he could treat with him; in fact, that he was not 
the least like an American. I do not know if father 

31 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

was pleased or not. He says the only Americans are 
the Red Indians. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 30 

It seems that Lord Liverpool wishes the offer of the 
Indian amnesty proffered to be accepted. Lord Bathurst 
is of the same mind. At last a slight ray of hope that 
there may be a happy termination. 

OCTOBER 3 

It is now thought advisable to call for a projet of a 
treaty. Mr. Clay has insisted upon drafting the American 
reply himself. . . . 

OCTOBER 22 

The British Commissioners sent a note yesterday; the 
pith of it is that the basis of uti possidetis be admitted 
and that they would treat on that basis alone. . . . 

OCTOBER 24 

I copied a short note to-day which was sent to the 
British Commissioners, drafted by father. It was to 
the effect that they would not treat on the basis of 
uti possidetis but only on the basis of status quo ante 
bell unt, with regard to territory, also asking for a British 
projet, . . . 

OCTOBER 29 

We are all hard at work framing our projet. It is a most 
difficult task, as both Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay object 
to everything except what they suggest themselves. 
Father remains calm but firm and does all he can to keep 
peace. The articles on impressment, blockade, and 
indemnities are assigned to Mr. Adams; the boundaries 
and fisheries to father. 

OCTOBER 30 

Father to-day drew up an article re American rights to 
fish in British waters and British rights to navigate the 

Si 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

Mississippi, which were confirmed by the treaty of 1783. 
Mr. Clay objected to them. A long and angry discussion 
ensued. One question was, what were the fisheries 
worth? The other the value of the navigation of the 
Mississippi. Father wishes to save the fisheries; Mr. 
Clay would not assent to anything. . . . 

NOVEMBER 3 

This drafting still goes on — endless discussions and violent 
arguments which I can see father thinks futile, but he 
never loses patience. 

NOVEMBER 5 

A vote to-day on father's proposed articles. Mr. Clay 

and Mr. Russell opposed it; father, Mr. Adams, and 

Mr. Bayard approved. 

So the articles were inserted in the projet. We are 

getting a little more into shape. . . . 

NOVEMBER 7 

Father is doubtful if the questions of the fisheries and 
the Mississippi were not made permanent by the treaty 
of 1783. 

NOVEMBER 10 

The projet signed to-day and sent. The fisheries and 
Mississippi navigation left out. 

NOVEMBER 12 

We have to wait patiently for an answer, as all has to be 
submitted to the superiors in London. 

NOVEMBER 26 

The British contre-projet sent to-day; no allusions to 
the fishery question. A clause claiming free navigation 
of the Mississippi. . . . 

33 



1814] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

NOVEMBER 28 

A dreadful day. Angry disputes on the contre-projet. 
Father wishes the clause re the Mississippi accepted. 
Mr. Clay would not hear of it. Mr. Adams in opposition 
to Mr. Clay. Nothing arrived at. . . . 

NOVEMBER 28 

To-day father received a private dispatch from the 
Duke of Wellington. I have only just seen it. It is 
marked "Strictly confidential." It is couched in the 
most friendly terms, assuring father he has brought all 
his weight to bear to ensure peace. He goes on to say: 
"As I gather, Mr. Madison as well as Mr. Monroe gave 
you full power to act, without even consulting your 
colleagues on points you considered of importance. I 
now feel that peace is shortly in view. Mr. Goulburn 
has made grave errors and Lord Castlereagh has read 
him a sharp lesson." 

Father burnt this dispatch and does not even know 
that I have recorded it. I wanted to copy it, and was 
doing so when he took it off the table and burned it. . . . 

NOVEMBER 29 

Father's proposition to accept the Mississippi clause 
after prolonged discussion was carried with a clause 
containing the taking, drying, and curing of fish, as 
secured by the former Treaty of Peace. 

DECEMBER 7 

An answer refusing to accept this proposition received 
to-day. More discussion, everlasting bickering, and 
matters delayed. Father can no longer support Mr. 
Adams; he has tried his patience too far. 

DECEMBER 12 

Another private note from the Duke of Wellington 
assuring father of his support. He says: "Pray do 

34 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1814 

not take offence at what I say. In you I have the 
greatest confidence. I hear on all sides that your modera- 
tion and sense of justice, together with your good common 
sense, places you above all the other delegates, not except- 
ing ours. The Emperor Alexander has assured me of 
this. He says we can place absolute reliance in your 
word. I have always had the greatest admiration for 
the country of your birth. You are a foreigner with 
all the traditions of one fighting for the peace and welfare 
of the country of your adoption." 

Father, I think, was pleased. He is a foreigner and is 
proud of it. . . . 

DECEMBER 22 

An answer to-day. The fisheries and Mississippi clauses 
to be withdrawn and to be referred to further negotia- 
tions. It would be withdrawn so as not to be mentioned 
in the treaty. 

Father now sees clearly the avowed wish of the English 
Government to make peace. . . . 

DECEMBER 24 

The treaty was signed to-day in the refectory of the 
monastery. Later on there was a solemn service in the 
cathedral; it was most impressive. We all attended as 
well as the Intendant, all the officers and the high officials 
of Ghent. 

CHRISTMAS DAY 

The British delegates very civilly asked us to dinner. 
The roast beef and plum pudding was from England, 
and everybody drank everybody else's health. The 
band played first "God Save the King," to the toast of 
the King, and "Yankee Doodle," to the toast of the 
President. Congratulations on all sides and a general 
atmosphere of serenity; it was a scene to be remembered. 

35 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

God grant there may be always peace between the 
two nations. I never saw father so cheerful; he was in 
high spirits, and his witty conversation was much 
appreciated. 

DECEMBER 27 

We have now to wait for the ratification of the treaty. 
Indeed, I find it a groat rest for me. I have copied 
all father's letters as well as all the important ones that 
he has received. Although I am only seventeen years of 
age, I feel much older. Mr. Adams has shown great 
kindness to me. At first I did not like him, but now will 
be sorry when we part. 

JANUARY 1, 1815 

I have enjoyed the last week very much. Ghent is en 

fete, dancing nearly every night. . . . 

JANUARY 8 

The ratification of the treaty completed to-day. A great 
banquet offered by the town of Ghent takes place to-night. 
Poor father is not looking forward to it. . . . 

JANUARY 9 

The banquet was very fine, lasting over five hours — 
speeches, nothing but speeches and toasts. Father said 
but a few words, but they were carefully chosen and 
seemed to go to the hearts of all. He spoke in French 
and ended in a most witty strain. 

JANUARY 10 

We are leaving now as soon as possible for Geneva. . . . 

The following letters are of interest as a tribute to the part played by 
Albert Gallatin m the conclusion of the Treaty of Ghent. 

36 




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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 11815 

MADAME DE STAEL to ALBERT GALLATIN * 

Coppet, Suisse, Pays de Vaud, 
Ce 31 Juillct, 1814 

Vous m'avez permis de vous demander si vous avez 
quelque succes heureux a esperer de votre mission. 
Mandez-moi a cet egard, my dear Sir, tout ce qu'il vous 
est permis de me dire. Je suis inquiete d'un mot de 
Lord Castlereagh sur la duree de la guerre et je ne 
m'explique pas pourquoi il a dit qu'il etait de l'interet 
de l'Angleterre que le Congres de Vienne s'ouvrit plus 
tard. C'est vous, Amerique, qui m'interesse avant tout 
maintenant, a part de mes affaires pecuniaires. Je vous 
trouve a present les opprimes du parti de la liberte et 
je vois en vous la cause qui m'attachait a l'Angleterre il 
y a un an. On souhaite beaucoup de vous voir a Geneve 
et vous y trouverez la Kepublique telle que vous I'avez 
laissee, seulement elle est moins liberale car la mode est 
ainsi maintenant en Suisse. Aussi les vieux aristocrates 
se relevent et se remettent a combattre, en oubliant, 
comme les geants de l'Arioste, qu'ils sont deja morts. 

* MADAME DE STAEL to ALBERT GALLATIN 

Coppet, Suisse, Pays de Vaud, 
July 31, 1814 
You gave me permission to ask what hopes you have of the success 
of your mission. Let me know, my dear sir, all that you are permitted 
to tell me. I am disturbed by a word that Lord Castlereagh let drop 
about the duration of the war, and I cannot understand why he said 
that it was to England's interest that the opening of the Congress of 
Vienna should be postponed. 

It is above all in you — America — that I am interested now apart 
from the question of my finances. I find you at the moment the 
oppressed champions of liberty, and it is in you that I find the same 
cause that attached me to England a year ago. 

Every one is very anxious to see you at Geneva, and you will find 
the Republic there the same as you left it; only it is less liberal — for 
that is the fashion at the moment in Switzerland. The old aristocrats 

37 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

J'esp&re que la raiaon triomphera, et quand on voua 
connail on trouve cette raison si spirituelle qu'elle semble 

la plus I'orto. Soyr/ paciliquo tvptMitlant et saerifiez 
aux circonstances. Voua devez vous ennuyer a Gand et 
jY voudraia profiter pour causer avec vous de tout Ie 
tempa que vous y perdez. Avez-voua quelquea com- 
missions a faire a Geneve et voulez-vous me tlonner le 
plaisir de vous y Itre utile en quelque chose? IMille 
compliments empresses. 

N. de Stakl-holstein. 

Voua savez quo M. Siamondi vous a lout? dans son 
diacoura a St. Pierre. 

MADAME I>E STAKE to ALBERT GALLATIN* 

Paris, Rub di Grrnbllh St. Gbrmatn, No. 105 
SO Septembre, 1SH 

Je vous ai ocrit de Coppet, my dear Sir, et je n'ai 
point (Mi de r&ponse. Je crains que ma lettre ne vous 

ion are rising] and entering the arena again, forgetting like Ariosto's 
giants that they are already dead. 1 hope Reason will triumph, ami to 

one who knows you, she bears a qualify SO noble and high-minded that 

her strength appears Bupreme. Strive for peaee, nevertheless, and be 
guided by oiroumstanoes. Vim must be wearied at Ghent, and I 
would fain have t tu> opportunity of passing in converse with you all 
the time that you are losing there. Save you any commissions that 
you wish exeouted at Geneva? If so, pray give me the pleasure of 

doing you some serviee. 

v thousand compliments, 

N. dk St.vEl-holstein. 

You have doubtless heard that M. Bismondi sang your praises iu 
his speeeh at St. lVrre. 

» MADAME DE STAKE to ALBERT GALLATIN 

Paris, Rot db Grrnruji St. Gbbmain, 105, 
iSsptemosr SO. 

1 WROTI to you from Coppet, my ilear Sir. and 1 have not had any 

answer from you. l fear my letter has never reached you. Will you 

38 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

soit pas parvenue. Soyez assez bon pour me dire ce 
que vous pouvez me dire sur la vente de mes fonds en 
Amerique. Je suis si inquiete que l'idee me venait 
d'envoyer mon fils en Amerique pour tirer ma fortune 
de la. Songez qu'elle y est presque toute entiere, e'est 
a dire que j'y ai quinze cents mille francs, soit en terres 
soit en fonds publiques, soit chez les banquiers. Soyez 
aussi assez bon pour me dire si vous restez a Gand. Mon 
fils en allant en Angleterre pourrait passer par chez vous 
donner mes nouvelles de Faris. 

Enfin je vous prie de m'accorder quelques lignes sur 
tout ce qui ni'interesse. Vous pouvez compter sur ma 
discretion et sur ma reconnaissance, et je merite peut- 
£tre quelquc bienviellance par mes efforts pour vous 
servir. 

Lord Wellington pretend que je nc le vois jamais sans 
le precher sur rAmerique. Vous savez de quelle haute 
consideration je suis penetree pour votre esprit et votre 
caractere. Mille compliments. 

N. de Stael-holstein. 

be good enough to toll mc all you can about the sale of my property 
in America. I am so anxious that I thought, of sending my son to 
America to withdraw my fortune from that country. Remember that 
nearly the whole of it is there, that is to say some fifteen hundred 
thousand francs, in land and public funds or at my hankers. 

Be good enough also to tell me if you remain at Ghent. My son 
could go to see you on his way to England and give you my news from 
Paris. Lastly, I beg of you to scud me a few lines on anything that 
interests me; you can count on my discretion and gratitude and 
I deserve perhaps some kindness for the efforts I have made to serve 

you. 

Lord Wellington pretends that. I never see him without preaching 
to him on the subject of America. 

I need not tell you how much I admire your wit and your character. 
A thousand compliments. 

N. de Stael-holstein. 



39 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

ALBERT GALLATIN to MADAME DE STAEL-IIOLSTEIN* 

Gand, 4 Octobre, 1814 
Ce n'est que hier, my dear Madam, que j'ai recu 
votre lettre du 23 Septembre; celle que vous m'aviez 
fait le plaisir de m'ecrire de Coppet m'etait bieu par- 
venuej mais malgre la parfaite confiance que vous 
in'avez inspiree, il etait de mon devoir de ne rieu laisser 
transpirer de nos negociations; et j'esperais tous les 
jours pouvoir vous auuoucer le lendemaiu quelque chose 
de positive. Nous sommes toujours dans le meme etat 
d'incertitude, mais il me parait impossible que cela 
puisse durer longtemps, et je vous promets que vous 
serez la premiere instruite du resultat. Malgre les 
larlieux auspices sous Iesquels nous avions commence a 
(raiter, je n'avais point perdu l'esperance de pouvoir 
reussir. II faut cependant convenir que ce qui s'est 
passe a la prise de Washington peut faire naitre de 
nouveaux obstacles a la paix. LTne incursion momen- 
tanee et la destruction d'un Arsenal et d'un fregate ne 
sont qu'une bagatelle; mais faire sauter ou bruler les 
palais du Congres et du President, et les bureaux des 
difterents departements e'est un acte de Vandalisms dont 

* LETTER OF ALBERT GALLATIN to MADAME 
DE STAEL-HOLSTEIN 

Ghent, October 4, 1S14. 
It was only yesterday, my dear Madam, that 1 received your letter 
of September ;>0. The one thai you were kind enough to write from 
Coppet reached me safely. But in spite of the perfect confidence 
with which you inspire me it was my duty not to let anything transpire 
of our negotiations, and 1 had hopes every day that on the morrow 
I should have some definite news to give to you. We are always in 
tl\c same state of uncertainty, but it seems to me impossible that this 
can continue for long, and 1 promise you that you shall be the first to 
hear of the result. Despite the unpropitious auspices under which 
we began to treat, I have never lost hope that we shall succeed in 
the end. It must, however be admitted that what took place at the 
capture of Washington may bring forth further obstacles in the way 

40 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

la guerre de vingt ans en Europe depuis les frontieres 
de la Russie jusqu'a Paris et de celles du Danemarc 
jusqu'a Naples, n'offre aucun exemple, et qui doit neces- 
sairement exasperer les esprits. Est-ce parceque a 
l'exception de quelques cathedrales, l'Angleterre n'avait 
aucun edifice public qui put leur etre compare? Ou 
serait-ce pour consoler la populace de la cite de Londres 
de ce que Paris n'a ete ni pille ni brule? 

Tout en vous disant cela, je ne me plains point de la 
conduite des Anglais, qui, si la guerre continue, loin de 
nous nuire n'aura servi qu'a unir et animer la nation. 
Sous ce point de vue, la maniere dont on nous fait la 
guerre doit pleinement rassurer ceux qui avaient des 
craintes mal fondees sur la permanence de notre union 
et de notre Gouvernement Federatif. Et il n'y a qu'une 
dissolution totale qui puisse renverser nos finances et 
nous faire manquer a nos engagements. 

Je comprends cependant fort bien que lorsqu'on n'est 
pas Americain, Ton desirerait dans ce moment avoir sa 
fortune ailleurs que dans ce pays la; je puis avoir des 
prejuges trop favorables et ne voudrais aucunement vous 
induire en erreur. 

Mais il me semble que vendre vos fonds a 15 ou 20 

of peace. A sudden raid and the destruction of an Arsenal and a 
frigate are a mere trifle, but to blow up and burn the House of Congress 
and the President's Palace, and the oflices of the various departments, 
is an act of vandalism to which the Twenty Years' War in Europe, 
a war that extended from the Russian frontier to Paris, and from 
Denmark to Naples, cannot offer a parallel, and which must neces- 
sarily embitter the temper. Was it because, with the possible exception 
of a few cathedrals, England has not a single building that can compare 
with them, or was it to console the populace of the city of London for 
the fact that Paris was neither sacked nor burnt? 

All the same I am not complaining at all of the conduct of the 
English, which, far from hurting us, will, if the war continues, only 
serve to unite and to animate our country. From this point of view 
their manner of conducting the war must amply reassure all who 
cherished groundless fears for the permanence of our Union and our 
Federal Government. And nothing short of a total rupture can upset 
our finances and make us fail in our engagements. Notwithstanding 

41 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

pour cent de perte en serait un sacrifice inutile. lis 
tomberont probablement encore plus si la guerre con- 
tinue, mais les interets seront toujours fidelement payes 
et le capital sera au pair six mois apres la paix. Nous 
nous sommes tires d'une bien plus mauvaise situation. 
A la fin de la guerre de l'independance nous n'avions ni 
finances ni Gouvernement; notre population ne s'elevait 
qu'a environ trois millions et demi, la nation etait extreme- 
ment pauvre, la dette publique etait presqu'egale a ce 
qu'elle est actuellement; les fonds perdaient de 80 a 
85 pour cent. Nous n'avons cependant pas fait faillite; 
nous n'avons pas reduit la dette a un tiers par un trait 
de plume; avec de l'economie et surtout de la probite, 
nous avons fait face a tout, remis tout au pair, et pendant 
les dix annees qui avaient precede la guerre actuelle 
nous avions paye la moitie du capital de notre ancienne 
dette. 

Au milieu de toutes nos factions, n'importe quel parti 
ait gouverne, le meme esprit les a toujours animes a cet 
egard. Le meme esprit regne encore; nous sommes tres 

I understand that one who is not an American would prefer to have 
his fortune at the present moment elsewhere than in that country; 
I may myself be somewhat prejudiced and under no circumstances 
would I wish to mislead you. But it is my personal opinion that to 
sell your investments at a loss of 15 to 20 per cent, would be a useless 
sacrifice. They will probably fall still further if the war continues, 
but the interest will always be faithfully paid and the capital will be 
back at par six months after peace is made. We extricated ourselves 
from a worse position than the present. At the end of the War of 
Independence we had neither money nor government; our population 
did not amount to more than three and a half millions, the country 
was extremely poor, the national debt was nearly as large as it is at 
present, and the Funds fell 80 to 85 per cent. Nevertheless we did 
not go bankrupt, we did not by a stroke of the pen reduce our debt 
to a third. By economy and, above all, by honesty, we met every 
obligation, restored all to par value, and in the course of the ten years 
that preceded the present war paid off half of the capital of our original 
debt. 

In the midst of all our party differences, no matter which party was 
in power, the same spirit as regards finance has always animated our 

42 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

riches; nous etions huit millions d'ames au commence- 
ment de la guerre, et la population augmente de deux cent 
cinquante mille ames par an. Si je n'ai pas entitlement 
meconnu l'Amerique, ses ressources et la moralite de sa 
politique, je ne me trompe pas en croyant ses fonds 
publics plus solides que ceux de toutes les puissances 
Europeennes. Si cependant vous avez peur, attendez 
du moins la conclusion de nos negotiations; vous n'avez 
pas le temps de faire vendre avant cette epoque. Je 
serai au reste encore quinze jours au moins a Gand et 
donnerai avec grand plaisir a M. votre fils tous les ren- 
seignements en mon pouvoir s'il passe par ici en allant 
en Angleterre. Je suis tres sensible a tout ce que vous 
avez fait pour etre utile a l'Amerique; je sens encore 
plus combien je vous dois; vous m'avez recu et acceuilli 
comme si j'eusse ete une ancienne connaissance. Avant 
de vous connaitre je respectais en vous Madame de Stael 
et la fille de Madame Necker, aux ecrits et a l'exemple de 
qui j'ai plus d'obligation que je ne puis exprimer. Mais 
je vous avouerai que j'avais grand peur de vous; une 
femme tres elegante et aimable et le premier genie de 
son sexe; Ton tremblerait a moins; vous eutes a peine 

country. The same spirit reigns still. We are very wealthy; at the 
beginning of the war our population stood at eight million souls and 
it increases at the rate of 250,000 souls every year. If I have not 
utterly misunderstood America, her resources and her political morality, 
then I am right in believing that her public funds are as good a security 
as those of any Power in Europe. If you are still afraid, at least 
await the conclusion of these negotiations. You have not time to 
sell before. I shall be staying at Ghent for another fortnight at least, 
and will be happy to give your son all the information in my power, 
if he passes by here on his way to England. I am very sensible of all 
the help that you have given to America; and am yet more sensible 
of what I owe to you personally. You received and welcomed me 
as if I was an old acquaintance. Before I knew you I respected in 
you, Madame de Stael, the daughter of Madame Necker, to whose 
writings and example I am under a deeper obligation than I am able 
to express. But I will confess that I was very much afraid of you. 
Before a woman so elegant and so amiable, and the greatest genius of 
her sex — one could not but tremble. You had hardly opened your lipa 

43 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

ouvert les levres que je fus rassure, et en moins de cinq 
minutes je me sentis aupres de vous comme avec une 
amie de vingt ans. Je n'aurais fait que vous admirer, 
mais votre bonte egale vos talents et c'est pour cela que 
je vous aime. Agreez-en, je vous prie, l'assurance et 
soyez sure du plaisir que me procurerait l'occasion de 
pouvoir vous etre bon a quelque chose. 

Albert Gallatin. 

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT to ALBERT GALLATIN 

Je n'ai pas ete assez heureux pour vous trouver ce 
matin, mon illustre ami. J'aurais bien desire cependant 
vous parler de mon attachement constant et tendre, de 
mon vif interet pour la paix que vous avez eu la gloire 
de conclure dans des circonstances difficiles. J'aurais 
voulu vous feliciter sur cette belle et noble defense de la 
Nouvelle-Orleans qui fera respecter les armees de la 
Liberte. Comme les flottes qui voguent sous votre 
pavilion se sont couvertes de gloire depuis longtemps ! 
Que dans ces temps malheureux mes yeux se fixent avec 
attendrissement sur ces contrees qui seront bientot le 
centre de la civilisation humaine ! Je ferais d'autres 
tentatives pour vous trouver et recommander de nouveau 
Mr. Warden, mon ami et celui de Messrs. Berthollet, 
Thenard, Gay Lussac, et de tout ce qui aime les sciences. 
Je ne puis croire qu'un homme aussi instruit, aussi doux, 
aussi honnete, aussi attache aux Etats-Unis, a M. Jeffer- 
son et aux doctrines vertueuses puisse etre rejette 
par votre gouvernement. Je supplie Madame Gallatin 
d'agreer l'hommage de mon respecteux devouement. 

before ray confidence returned, and after five minutes in your company 
I felt that I had been your friend for twenty years. My admiration 
was yours in any case. But finding your kindness is only equalled 
by your talents, I cannot but love you. Accept, I pray you, my 
assurance of this, and believe me when I say that it will always be a 
pleasure to me to 6erve you in any way within my power. 

Albert Gallatin. 
44 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

Quel contraste entre cette epoque et celle ou vous me 
vites a Londres ennuye des "Magnanimous Souverains 
et de la croisade des heros !" * 

Humboldt. 
Quai Malaquais, No. 3. 
Jeudi. 

♦ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT to ALBERT GALLATIN 

I had not the pleasure of finding you this morning, my noble friend. 
Nevertheless I would fain have spoken with you of my constant and 
sincere attachment and of my keen interest in the peace which you 
have had the honour to conclude under the most difficult circumstances. 
I would have liked to congratulate you on your fine and courageous 
defence of New Orleans, which will gain respect for the armies of 
Liberty. The fleets which sail under your Flag have indeed for long 
covered themselves with glory. How tenderly in these unhappy times 
my eyes gaze on the countries so soon to be the centre of the civiliza- 
tion of the world. I would make other attempts to find you and to 
recommend again to your notice Mr. Warden, my friend and the 
friend of Messieurs Berthollet, Thenard and Gay Lussac, as indeed he is 
of every friend of learning. I cannot believe that a man so full of 
learning, so gentle and so honourable, so firm a friend of the United 
States, of Mr. Jefferson and his virtuous doctrines, can be rejected 
by your Government. 

I entreat Madame Gallatin to accept the expression of my respectful 
homage and devotion. 

What a contrast this period presents to the time when you saw me 
in London, weary of the Magnanimous Sovereigns and the Heroes' 
Crusade. 

Humboldt. 

3 Quai Malaquais, 
Thursday. 



45 



PART II 

FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREATY OF GHENT 
TO THE SIGNATURE OF THE TREATY OF COMMERCE 

JANUARY— JULY 1815 

JANUARY 20, 1815: GENEVA 

We arrived here to-day. Father was very excited, as it 
was his first visit to his native land after so many years 
absence. 

We went direct to the Gallatin House. The entrance is 
in the Cite, a steep narrow lane paved with small round 
cobble-stones. The house faces on the Rue de la Corratrie. 
It is very fine, and belongs to Monsieur Naville, who 
married the daughter and heiress of Count Paul Michael 
de Gallatin, who was the head of the family. Our coat- 
of-arms in stone used to be high up over the door, but 
during the Revolution some miscreants destroyed it, 
leaving only the two lions the supporters. 

JANUARY 21 

Crowds of visitors all day to welcome father. Madame 
de Stael came from Coppet. She is not handsome, but 
such a great charm of manner. She was oddly dressed, 
seeming to have one or two skirts on top of the other, a 
great pelisse of green cloth lined with sable, on her head 
a high green caliche. She invited both father and myself 
to pay her a visit at Coppet. She is not tall, rather fat, 
and has coarse features but splendid eyes. 

46 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

JANUARY 22 

This morning the Syndics came in a body to greet 
father and to congratulate him on the successful termina- 
tion of the Peace with England. Then Monsieur Sismondi* 
made a discours full of laudation of father, much to 
the latter's annoyance. After they withdrew Benjamin 
Constant was announced; he rushed up to father, seized 
him in his arms, and kissed him on both cheeks. There 
was some excuse for him as he is a relation of ours. 
Large dinner of forty at 3 o'clock, nearly all rela- 
tives — Navilles, Saladins, Sellons, Sarrasins, Humberts, 
Diodatis, de Budes, Pictets, Lullins, &c. &c. I was 
much struck with their great simplicity and dignity of 
manner; it was all a revelation to me. The ladies were 
very plainly dressed with hardly any jewels. So odd, 
they never change your knife and fork after the fish is 
served, but have little silver rests by each plate for them. 
The dinner lasted two hours and a half. 
After escorting the ladies to the drawing-room — where 
all the women kissed their hostess, then kissed each 
other, and we men kissed their hands. All this was done 
in a most solemn and dignified manner — then our host, 
knowing father's habit, conducted him with some of the 
other guests to the library to smoke. 
Father smokes regularly eleven strong cigars a day. 
After about an hour we adjourned to the large gallery. 
All the ladies were seated stiffly around the room. Only 
one person talked at a time. It is called a salon. It was 
interesting at first, but after three hours of it I wished 
myself in Paris. At 9 o'clock supper was announced. . . . 

JANUARY 23 

All day paying visits; a quiet evening. 

JANUARY 24 

We go on a tour of visits, starting on the 26th. I am in 
love with Geneva, it is so beautiful although it is winter; 

* J. C. L. Sismondi, bora 1773, died 1842, a Genevan and famous 
historian. 

47 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

they tell me I must see it in summer. A large supper 
to-night — other members of our family and relations, 
together with Monsieur de Lavalette and Monsieur 
Bonstetten. . . . 

JANUARY 25 

A very tiring day, paying visits in the morning. From 
5 till 7 o'clock one deputation followed the other to greet 
father. I think he was bored; I know I was. . . . 

JANUARY 26 

We started at 10 o'clock and arrived at Chateau de 
Rozay, near Rolle. My grandmother was a Mile Rolaz 
du Rozay. The chateau is small with turrets, very 
old and very comfortable. My two du Rozay cousins, 
who are about my age, are immensely tall and broad in 
proportion, one being 6 ft. 4 in., the other an inch taller. 
It seems that they are always hunting chamois in the 
mountains. I feel like a dwarf next to them. A portrait 
of my grandmother as a girl, not pretty; but one of her 
sisters who married a Prussian, Count Doenhoff, is quite 
lovely; she was Mistress of the Robes to the Queen of 
Prussia and a famous beauty. . . . 

JANUARY 28: CHATEAU DE ROZAY 

We leave here to-morrow and go to the Chateau 
d'Allaman. 

JANUARY 29: ALLAMAN 

Allaman, on the Lake Leman, belongs to Count Sellon 
(his mother was a Gallatin). A beautiful castle, filled 
with Gobelin tapestry and furniture; one room all pink 
tapestry. We dined in the chapel — 60 ft. long and 
30 ft. wide, stone floor. . . . 

JANUARY 30 

The family are charming — four daughters, all young. 

48 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

The youngest is named Hortense. The Queen Hortense* 
was her godmother. The latter has stopped for weeks at 
Allaman. They have an authentic ghost here, not in 
the house but in the park; I hope to see it before I 
leave. It is in the form of a monk reading a book. He 
is to be seen in one of the alleys of the wood approaching; 
as you get quite close he vanishes. All the family have 
seen it, as well as hundreds of others. Monsieur de Sellon 
stations men with bill-hooks at various places to cut down 
branches, as he thinks it but an optical illusion. . . . 

JANUARY 31 

I saw the ghost at 12.30 to-day. It is certainly extra- 
ordinary. They fired point-blank at it without any 
effect. . . . 

FEBRUARY 1 

Too tired to write last night. A beautiful day, bright 
sunshine. We have been skating all day. Our visit 
terminates to-morrow. To-night a large supper in honour 
of Joseph Bonaparte,f the ex-King of Spain, the eldest 
brother of Napoleon. He lives at Prangins on the lake. 
Monsieur de Sellon had a letter to-day from the Queen 
Hortense — he read parts of it aloud to us. Evidently 
she is in great trouble. 

FEBRUARY 2 

Joseph Bonaparte is handsome — acts as if he were still 
King of Spain. He arrived with a large suite. We were 
presented to him by the Count de Sellon before supper. 
He had a long conversation with father on the state of 
Europe. He is very rich. He spoke with much feeling 

* Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter of the EmpreBS Josephine by 
her first husband, married Louis Bonaparte January 3, 1802, was 
Queen of Holland and mother of Napoleon III. 

t Joseph, the eldest brother of Napoleon, born 1768, died 1844, was 
King of Naples and King of Spain. 

49 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

of Napoleon. He married Julie Clary, the daughter of a 
Marseilles tallow-chandler; she had some money. Father 
does not like the Bonapartes or their entourage — says 
Joseph Bonaparte shows his middle-class bringing up 
both in speech and movements, that Napoleon is better 
where he is. Although father is representing a republic 
and believes in republics, he has a strong affection for 
the House of Bourbon. We drove with four horses and 
postillions to the Chateau de Veufflans, above Lausanne. 
At the bottom of the hill two more horses were added, 
sent by Monsieur de Senarclan. The names are so funny. 
Veufflans is superb, built by the Reine Berthe in 1000. 
It is in bad repair; it would cost over a million francs 
to restore it. After we arrived a deputation presented 
an address to father from Lausanne in the name of the 
Canton de Vaud. . . . 

FEBRUARY 3: VEUFFLANS 

I went to-day to the Chateau de Chillon, near Vevey. 
It is most interesting; such a wonderful position, built 
out into the lake. It belonged to the Duke of Savoy. 
Another dinner lasting two hours, some music, which 
was a relief, then talk, talk, talk, and the usual trays 
passed round, one closely following the other. I was 
glad to get to bed. . . . 

FEBRUARY 4 

We go to-morrow to Sergy, which belongs to Monsieur" 

Pictet, another relation. . . . 

FEBRUARY 5 

A beautiful house. Snowing hard all day. A very large 

party but of little interest. . . . 

FEBRUARY 6 

We left here this morning in a most comfortable sleigh 
for Coppet; we had three relays of horses, the last sent 

50 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

by Madame de Stael. This chateau is charming — a 
wonderful view of the lake and mountains, the latter 
covered with snow. A great many people stopping here. 
We were very tired after our long cold drive. Madame 
de Stael most kind and seems so genuinely glad to welcome 
us. Mile Albertine de Stael, her daughter, is very pretty 
and graceful; she is betrothed to the Due de Broglie. 
He looks very untidy and dull but very much in love. 
Auguste de Stael, her son, looked very serious. Monsieur 
Benjamin Constant, Monsieur Sismondi, Due and 
Duchesse de Duras, Due and Duchesse de Clermont- 
Tonnerre (she is a sister of Monsieur de Sellon), and 
Monsieur de Bonstetten are among the guests. Not 
such a long dinner. Some music; then the Due de 
Broglie and Mile de Stael, the Duchesse de Duras and 
Monsieur de Montmorency, danced a minuet with great 
dignity and grace. As I was very tired father asked 
permission for me to retire, so I went to bed early. 

FEBRUARY 7: COPPET 

A delightful day. Up early. Had my cafe au lait when 
I met de Broglie. He kindly proposed to go with me 
and show me what was to be seen at Coppet. He improves 
on acquaintance. Dejeuner at 11.30. Madame de StaeTs 
first appearance; she does all her correspondence and 
writing in bed. She was most animated. Questioned 
father about the proceedings at Ghent; congratulated 
him, adding: "I had a letter from Milord Wellington 
this morning. He praises you, saying you had used 
great wisdom and tact." She told us some funny stories 
about Madame Patterson Bonaparte, the American wife 
of King Jerome, whose wit, beauty, and virtue she 
extolled. One story was very funny.* She had given 

* The page in the Diary on which this story is written had been 
ruined by dampness. In 18G9 my grandfather, thinking this was the 
story, wrote it on a sheet of paper, pasting it over the ruined sheet. 
His memory must have been at fault, as the incident must have oc- 
curred much later. Editor. 

51 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

a dinner at her house in Geneva, to which Madame 
Bonaparte was invited. Arriving very late, she delayed 
serving the dinner for over half an hour. On one side 
of her was a Mr. Dundas, a great gourmand, who was 
much put out at having to wait. After the soup had 
been served he turned to Madame Bonaparte and asked 
her if she had read the book of Captain Basil Hall on 
America. She replied in the affirmative. " Well, madame, 
did you notice that Hall said all Americans are vul- 
garians?" "Quite true," calmly answered Madame 
Bonaparte, "I am not in the least surprised. If the 
Americans had been the descendants of the Indians or 
the Esquimaux there might have been some reason to 
be astonished, but as they are the direct descendants of 
the English it is perfectly natural that they should be 
vulgarians." After this Mr. Dundas did not open his 
mouth again and left at the first opportunity. 
This afternoon we went out in Russian sledges, six 
of them. 

The Marquis of Huntly arrived, and we dined at 5 o'clock. 
A most interesting evening — our hostess most brilliant. 
She told us many episodes of the Revolution and the 
part she had taken in it: how she had helped so many 
of her friends to escape, having armed herself with pass- 
ports of different nations; how Napoleon had persecuted 
her. She also spoke most feelingly of her father with 
tears in her eyes; it seems she adored him. 

FEBRUARY 8: COPPET 

The Marquis of Huntly* gave father a copy of a letter given 
to him by Mr. Barry. It is an account of an interview 
with Napoleon at Elba — most interesting. He first read 
it aloud. Madame de Stael could hardly contain herself 

* Marquis of Huntly, born 1743, died 1827, afterward Duke of 
Gordon. At the command of Louis XV he opened the ball at Versailles 
with the Dauphiness, 1770, and in 1826, at the age of eighty-four, danced 
with Madame de France, daughter of the Due de Berri. 

52 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

and continually interrupted, exclaiming, " Cct animal; 
on devrait lui tordre le nou." Lord Iluntly says that 
one of the reasons she hates Bonaparte so heartily is, 
when she once asked him whom he considered the greatest 
women in history he replied, "The women who had 
the most children." Madame de Stael had only two. 

COLONEL BARRY'S LETTER to THE MARQUIS OF 
HUNTLY 

"Mr. Douglas* dined with Colonel Barry yesterday. He 
had just come from the Island of Elba, where he hud 
an audience of nearly two hours with Bonaparte. 
His account of him is as nearly as follows: 
On his arrival in the island he went to General Bertram! 
(who is a sort of chamberlain) to state that he was a mem- 
ber of the English Parliament and to request permission 
to pay his respects to the Emperor. General Bertrand 
was ill, but he received a very civil answer from General 
Drouet in the affirmative. lie was accordingly intro- 
duced, and was received with great courtesy. Bonaparte 
asked several questions about his journey, and then, 
to the surprise of Mr. I)., began to talk in the most 
unreserved manner of the state of affairs in Europe. He 
said that he lamented that the present Government had 
not given up the slave trade — that had he remained in 
power he would have done so, as it was a system of 
brigandage by which France was not benefited. He 
had proposed a plan for the settlement of St. Domingne, 
to give up the centre of the island to the blacks and to 
establish factories upon the coast. That he had conceived 
it would be attended with advantage to allow polygamy 
amongst the blacks, but upon consulting a certain bishop, 
' un bon homme, cet Eveque m'a dit: e'est cuntraire a 
la religion Chretiennc.' He abused the Emperor Alex- 
ander with great violence, said he was 'faux et un fat. 

* Mr. Douglas was an M.P., and a violent anti-Bonapartist. 
53 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Vous ne pouvez pas avoir une idee de la faussete de cet 
homme.' We were right, he said, in supposing that 
there had been secret articles in the treaty of Tilsit. 
Alexander was bound by them to go to war with England. 
' Cela entra dans mon systeme!' He said the Bourbons 
would repent it if they gave up Belgique. 
That he would have given up anything else, but that 
he knew the French people would not allow him to 
remain on the throne except as a conqueror. France 
would not bear to be confined to her ancient limits. He 
compared her to air compressed within too small a 
compass, the explosion of which was like thunder. 
'Malheur aux Bourbons si jamais Us font la paix sans 
conserver aucune conquete; il y'a dans la France une 
jeunesse bouillante de 100,000 homines accoutumes au 
metier de la guerre.' He was here evidently carried 
away by his subject and, suddenly recollecting himself, 
said: 'Mais ce n'est pas mon affaire — je suis mort.' 
In the course of conversation Prince Metternich was 
mentioned, and Mr. D. said, 'C'est un bon politique.' 
Bonaparte answered: ' Non, c'est un homme tres 
aimable et qui parte tres bien en compagnie, mais qui 
ment toujours; on pent mentir une fois, deux fois, trois 
fois, mais on ne pent pas mentir toujours, ce n'est pas selon 
ma politique.' England was, he said, at the height of 
her power and glory, but that we must remember that 
when nations were arrived at that point it was said 
they were near a decline. That the Continental Powers 
were jealous of our maritime rights and in time of peace 
would be as much so as they had been of his territorial 
acquisitions. 

He laughed and joked a great deal about the Pope 
and the tricks he had played to get him in his power, 
constantly repeating, 'Moi qui suis le meilleur Catholique 
du monde; il n'y a pas dans le monde un meilleur 
Catholique que moi,' and sentiments of this sort. He 
said he understood the world had expected that he would 

54 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

have put a pistol to his head, but no, he had been born 
a soldier; had found the "Throne de France" vacant, 
circumstances had placed him on it, that he had remained 
there fourteen years, and had been obliged to descend 
from it. Having borne this ' ce serait un lache qui ne 
pourrait pas soutenir I'existence.' He was sorry, he said, 
at the close of the last campaign, when he had advanced 
to Ville Juis, he had not pushed on to Paris. He 
had 40,000 of his guards with him who would have 
shed the last drop of blood for him, and he thinks his 
presence would have raised the people to defend the 
town — he wanted so much to do so but was dissuaded 
by his generals. He complained bitterly of Marmont. 
'Could you have believed it that a man to whom I have 
actually given bread would have deserted me in that 
manner?' he said; that we had not done justice to the 
Americans; that there had never been any treaty between 
him and Madison, and they had held as high language 
to him as they had done to us. Mr. D. had crossed the 
Alps by the passage of the Simplon, one of the most 
splendid works of Bonaparte's reign; hearing it, he 
made many inquiries about the state of the road, and 
appeared minutely acquainted with it and interested on 
the subject. This is almost all I can recollect, nearly 
the whole of what Mr. D. related to us. He says Bona- 
parte is in excellent health — not too fat, as he had been 
told; very dirty and vulgar in his manner of speaking 
and extremely poor. 

The French Government have not paid him his pension, 
and in consequence he has been obliged to reduce his 
household one-half. He had 1200 troops in his pay, 
mostly veterans who had followed his fortunes from the 
Imperial Guards. Mr. D. says his apparent want of 
feeling is beyond anything he could have conceived. 
He could not learn anything on the subject of the reports 
that he was to leave Elba. Some time ago a felucca 
landed in one of the most barren parts of the island and 

55 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

a messenger was dispatched to Bonaparte; he came 
down unattended by any servant and received a lady, 
whom he conducted to a country house of his. She 
remained there two days, at the end of which time he 
reconducted her in the same manner. They embraced 
often at parting. The Elbans think it was Marie Louise, 
but it is generally supposed to have been a Polish lady 
to whom he was attached. 

Mr. Douglas in the course of conversation two or three 
times mentioned the Empress, whom he had seen in 
Switzerland, but Bonaparte took no* notice of it and 
appeared anxious to avoid the subject." 

NOTE ON ORIGINAL BY ALBERT GALLATIN 

Mr. Douglas's conversation with Bonaparte given to me at Geneva in 
February, 1815, by the Marquis of Huntly, since Duke of Gordon. . . . 

A.G. 

Diary continued : 
FEBRUARY 8 

After dinner Albertine de Stael sang some charming 
chansonettes, accompanying herself on a spinet. All 
the chairs were put in a circle and Madame de Stael 
held forth. She read some letters of Louis XVIII when 
he was in England. She also told us that it was a fact 
that the Due de Berri had married in London the 
daughter of an English clergyman and had children. 
Then Monsieur Bonstetten gave a little discourse on 
Voltaire and Byron, followed by Monsieur Sigismonde. 
Then father gave a most amusing account of his early life 
in America and of his first meeting with General Washing- 
ton in a log-cabin. I saw Madame de S. taking notes 
on her tablets. 

FEBRUARY 9: COPPET 

This morning Lord Huntly described the splendours of 
the ball at Versailles for the marriage of the Dauphin 
Louis XVI; that the King sent for him and commanded 
him to open the ball with Dauphine " Marie Antoinette.'* 

56 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

He saw how delighted I was and sent for me to come to 
his room. He gave me two of the invitation cards;* 
they are beautifully engraved. One is in colour, and in 
the top left-hand corner there is, "Porte et gradins a 
gauche"', in the centre of the coloured design is "Bal pare 
a Versailles pour le mariage de Monseigneur Le Dauphin, 
Le Mercredi, 24. Fevrier, 1745," signed in the right-hand 
corner "De Bonneval." The other onef is beautifully 
engraved, is larger, and has the same wording. It was 
most kind of him. A large dinner at 5 o'clock, to be 
followed by a comedy written by our hostess. She takes 
a role as well as Monsieur de Montmorency. After 
breakfast Madame de Stael told father she believed greatly 
in heredity; undoubtedly he had inherited his talent for 
finance from their common ancestor Jacques Cceur.J 
More people arriving, I made my escape, and had a good 
afternoon's skating. The banquet is at 5 o'clock. We 
are leaving to-morrow, much to my regret. 

FEBRUARY 10: COPPET 

I was too tired last night to write. I can hardly describe 
last evening's festivities. Our hostess received her guests 
at the end of the large salon — the Due and Duchesse 

* The card printed in colour is for the marriage of the father of 
Louis XVI. Signed de Bonneval, who was "l'intendant des menus 
plaisirs du Roi." 

t The second card mentioned above is for the ball for the marriage 
in 1770 of the Dauphin, afterward Louis XVI, and is not signed. 

X Jacques Cceur, celebrated financier of the fifteenth century. 
Born at Bourges, died at Chio November 25, 1456. He lent immense 
sums of money to the King Charles VII of France. His reward was 
to be arrested on a charge of poisoning Agnes Sorel, the King's mistress. 
He was condemned to a long imprisonment — this gave the King an 
excuse to seize the remainder of his property and fortune. Escaping 
after several years of imprisonment he went to Rome and was taken 
under the protection of the Pope Nicholas V. He made another 
enormous fortune by opening the trade of the East. Both Madame de 
Stael and Albert Gallatin were descended from him. 

57 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

de Clermont-Tonnerre (she was nee de Sellon), Count and 
Countess Cavour, Comtesse de Boigne, and a host of 
others. We dined thirty. At 8 o'clock more arrivals: 
Prince Demidoff in a superb sleigh with eight horses 
harnessed in Russian fashion; he brought the Grand 
Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Princess Patiomkin, 
Princess Galitzin, and Madame Bonaparte. The Grand 
Duke led in Madame Bonaparte. She is quite beautiful 
still, was wonderfully dressed, and covered in fine jewels. 
She kissed me on both cheeks, which made me very shy, 
but she has known me since I was a child. 
At 9 o'clock the comedy was played in the long gallery. 
It was most witty. Madame de Stael was in white and 
gold draperies, with a turban with eight or ten white 
feathers. She really looked handsome. She always has 
a small branch of laurel in her hand. At the end of the 
performance, with a curtsey she threw it to father — just 
the thing to annoy him. Madame Bonaparte gave me a 
brooch of turquoise for my choker. Supper was served 
at 10.30, and the guests did not leave until after 1.30 a.m. 
We leave at 2 o'clock for Sacconex (the de Budes). I 
watched father carefully and tried to do exactly as he 
did. All the ladies curtseyed down to the ground to 
H.R.H.; some of the older ones I thought would never 
get up again. Why will fat old ladies wear such low 
waists? I never kissed so many hands in my life, and 
my neck is quite stiff with bowing. 

FEBRUARY 10 

We left Coppet after dejeuner. Prince Demidoff kindly 
offered to take us with him, as he was going back to 
Geneva and Sacconex is on his way. His sleigh is superb; 
all the rugs are of the finest Russian sable. All assembled 
in the hall to bid us farewell. Madame de Stael kissed 
me on both cheeks and gave me a beautifully bound copy 
of "Corinne" with the dedication "A Cupidon de la 
part de Vauteur" I really must look a baby. I will 

58 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

never forget my visit to Coppet. We had eight horses 
harnessed Russian fashion, three relays. Galloped all 
the way. . . . 

FEBRUARY 11: SACCONEX 

This is a lovely house and all are so kind. M. de Bude 

is a cousin of father's. There are two sons — Jules, the 

younger, full of life. We have been skating. . . . 

A large dinner, rather dull. . . . 

For three mortal hours in the drawing-room footmen 

passed tray after tray of sirops, wine cakes, &c. &c. 

People here never seem to stop eating. 

Byron called Madame de Stael "old Mother Stale," 

but nevertheless he said of her "she is vain, but who has 

better right to be." . . . 

FEBRUARY 13: GENEVA 

We returned here to-day and are stopping at the Naville's. 
Father learned to-day that at one time it was the inten- 
tion of the British Government to send the Duke of Wel- 
lington to America, during the Ghent negotiations, to 
terminate the war. It seems he refused to go, giving 
his reason that he could not be spared, and at the same 
time expressing his displeasure at the way Lords Castle- 
reagh, Liverpool, and Bathurst were acting. It seems 
it was mainly due to him that the English made the 
concessions they did and brought the matter to a speedy 
termination. . . . 

FEBRUARY 14 

Father takes me alone with him to-morrow to spend the 
day at Ferney. He calls it a pilgrimage. He was often 
taken to see Voltaire by his grandmother when very 
young. This afternoon a deputation of Americans resid- 
ing in Geneva and the Canton de Vaud presented father 
with an address enclosed in a beautiful casket of enamel. 
We dined quietly en famille. 

59 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

FEBRUARY 15 

Such an interesting day. Sitting in Voltaire's favourite 
chair at Ferney, I am writing this. We left Geneva 
early, arriving here for dejeuner at 11.30. The owners 
of Ferney are away, but left orders we were to be enter- 
tained. The house is not large, but well situated and 
comfortable. During dejeuner father told me how he 
used to be brought by his grandmother to Ferney; that 
he often dined at the tables we were sitting at with the 
friends of Voltaire — the Marquis de Condorcet,* who 
wrote the letters of Junius to William Pitt (he was 
arrested in April 1794 and found dead in his cell at 
Bourg la Reine on April 8, poisoned by opium, which 
he always carried in a ring, so cheating the guillotine); 
the Abbe Galiani, the great wit and raconteur, whose 
indecent stories even Madame Necker forgave (it was 
he who said the death of Marie Theresa was "like 
an ink-bottle spilt on the map of Europe"); Diderot 
the atheist, and Grimm. He said, " I feel them hovering 
around us now, and can nearly hear their voices." 
Then he told me of visits when Voltaire read some 
new play aloud, or rehearsed with the Due de Villar and 
Madame Gallatin (his grandmother) — plays that were 
acted both at Ferney and Pregny; in fact, he himself 
had taken the role of a negro boy in Oriental dress when 
he was twelve years old. One Sunday Voltaire took 
him into the garden and, pointing to the heavens, said, 
" That is the dome made by the great God — not the God 
created by man." There was a splendid sunset, and 
as the sun sank behind the Jura Mountains he said: 
"Can anything be grander than that? — never to be 
imitated." — " When I was older he impressed upon me 
always to be charitable in thought and action, to benefit 
my fellow-creatures as much as was within my power, 
always to speak the truth, and never to be afraid to give 

* Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, born 1743, 
died 1794. 

60 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

my opinion." The last time father saw him he was ill; 

it was in 1778, the year before he died. He kissed father 

on both cheeks and said, " Enfin Dieu m'appelle — mais 

quel Dieu. Je n'en sais Hen." Madame de la Vilette, 

his niece, gave father a small bust of her uncle, which I 

now have. ... 

Before leaving Ferney I picked some myrtle-leaves 

and pensees to send to my mother. . . . 

After dining at 4 o'clock we returned to Geneva — a 

day never to be forgotten. I am afraid my description 

is very poor. 

Father is giving sittings to Madame Meunier Romilly 

for a portrait for Geneva. . . . 

FEBRUARY 16 

To-day I visited St. Pierre, the cathedral, also the temple, 
and saw the tablet to the victories of the Escalade in 
1602. There was a Louis Gallatin killed. . . . 

FEBRUARY 17 

We went to Pregny, where father was born. This house, 
together, with all my father's property, was sold by his 
trustees during the Revolution at great sacrifice. They 
thought they were acting wisely in such troubled times. 
I went to see father's portrait. She will only have 
time to paint the head and hands, the remainder from 
a model. It looks too old to me. 

FEBRUARY 18 

We paid a visit to Madame Recamier, who is passing 
through Geneva. She is beautiful, but I could not see 
great intelligence in her face; great charm of manner. 
We also called on Madame Patterson Bonaparte. She 
was very witty and made father laugh. She told us how 
she first met her husband, Jerome Bonaparte. He had 
gone to America in command of a ship, arriving at 
Baltimore. He was invited to dine with an old French- 

61 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

man, the Marquis de Poleon, who had escaped with his 
family from St. Domingo during the massacre on that 
island; two of his children with their nurses were killed. 
On account of the troubled state of France, he had 
thought it wiser to go to America. All the beauties of 
Baltimore were invited to the dinner — the Catons,* 
&c. &c. She was looking out of the window overlooking 
the drive with Monsieur de Poleon's eldest daughter. 
She continued: "We saw two young men approaching 
the house. Mile Pascault exclaimed, pointing to the 
taller one, 'That man will be my husband.' I answered, 
' Very well, I will marry the other one.' Strangely 
enough, we both did as we had said. Henrietta Pascault 
married Reubell, son of one of the three directors, and 
I married Jerome Bonaparte"; adding, "Had I but 
waited, with my beauty and wit I would have married 
an English duke, instead of which I married a Corsican 
blackguard." 

We leave to-morrow, much to father's regret. He feels 
it is his duty to go to England as soon as possible, as 
there is so much to discuss and settle. This has been 
his holiday. A large supper of fifty to-night, nearly all 
relations. I liked them, austere as they were, as they 
are so fond of father and proud of him. 

FEBRUARY 19: BELGARDE 

We left at S o'clock this morning. Prince Demidoff 
sent his sleigh and had arranged for four relays of horses. 
Even at that early hour most of our relations came to 
wish us "God-speed." Father was touched, I could see 
it by his eyes. This is our first halting-place. After all, 
Madame Meunier had only time to paint the head and 
one hand, which is holding a roll of paper, symbolic of 
the treaty. 

* The three beautiful Miss Catons. One married the Duke of Leeds. 
Another the Marquis of Wellesley, brother of the Duke of Wellington, 
and the third Lord Stratford. 

62 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

FEBRUARY 20: BELGARDE 

I got up early and went to see the "Bouche du Rhone." 
The river disappears for over three miles under stone. . . . 

FEBRUARY 23: MACON 

We arrived here late last night. A charming old town. 
It is the great wine country. . . . 

FEBRUARY 25: DIJON 

Not very interesting. Still the wine country. . . . 

FEBRUARY 28: FONTAINEBLEAU 

What a beautiful place ! We are lodged in an inn 
opposite the palace gates. I went over the chateau; 
it is full of interest, of Henry II, Diane de Poitiers, 
&c. &c. I was shown the apartment that Napoleon 
gave to the Pope when he made him prisoner. The 
Pope would not allow a divorce between King Jerome and 
his wife; that was one of the reasons he brought him 
to Fontainebleau, as he himself wanted to divorce 
Josephine. . . . 

MARCH 1: PARIS 

We started early and arrived for breakfast at Vaux 
Praslin, a magnificent palace belonging to the Due de 
Choiseul. It was built by Fouquet, Marquis de Belle- 
Isle, Superintendent of Finances to Louis XIV. He 
entertained the King there in great splendour. . . . The 
Due received us most kindly. He is a connexion through 
the Birons and Marmiers. I never saw such wonderful 
furniture, tapestries, pictures, &c. &c. The library 
superb; all the books bound in red morocco with coat- 
of-arms in gold. Only the family and a nice homely 
dejeuner. Then father returned with the Due to the 
library to smoke and to get some political information 
from him. We left at 3 o'clock for Paris and arrived 
late. . . . 

Oh, beautiful Paris ! I am so glad to get back. . . . 

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1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MARCH 2: PARIS 

The Due de Choiseul Praslin called to-day and told father 
his Majesty wished for an interview unofficial. It is a 
delicate matter, as father feels, until he has been to 
London, that his mouth is closed. . . . 
We are lodged in a quiet little hotel in the Rue de 
Monsieur. Father will not spend any money unneces- 
sarily as his expenses are paid by his Government. His 
strong idea is that the representative of a republic should 
not make any show or be ostentatious, saying, "It is 
only the vulgar nouveaux riches that do that." . . . 

MARCH 3, 1815 

We were received privately this morning by the King. 
Only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She 
looked very sad. 

The King moved to the embrasure of a window, 
motioning to father to follow him; they remained in 
conversation for a quarter of an hour. Amongst other 
things his Majesty intimated a wish that father would 
be sent as Minister to Paris, adding, "You must not 
forget that your family belonged to France before you 
belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me 
most graciously, asked me about my mother, and said, 
"You are too young to begin political life." I assured 
her I was seventeen. She exclaimed, "Mais e'est un 
bebe." . . . 

Monsieur David, the great artist, has requested father 
to allow me to pose to him for Cupid. Father has 
consented, and I sit to-morrow. . . . 

MARCH 4, 1815 

A day of great excitement. News has reached Paris that 

Napoleon had made his escape from Elba and was at a 

little village called Cannes; that he had been received 

with acclamation. 

The King and Royal Family went to the opera and 

had a great reception. . . . 

64 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

MARCH 5 

Great consternation. Courier after courier arriving; 
all news suppressed. . . . 

MARCH 6, 1815 

No news further than we had yesterday. They say the 
King is very calm. I saw him driving in state to-day. 
Sat for my portrait— that is, like a model, I had to 
pose nude. . . . 

MARCH 10 

The Emperor is marching on Paris, gathering men on 
his way. Some say he has already one hundred thou- 
sand. . . . 

MARCH 11 

All sorts of wild reports: one does not know what to 
believe. . . . 

MARCH 14 

The Emperor was at Grenoble on the 7th with over 
one hundred thousand men. . . . 

MARCH 16 

The Emperor marching steadily on to Paris— acclaimed 
everywhere. Father says the Royal Family will leave 
Paris in a few days. He has private information, but 
has not told me any details. I walk about all day. 
Bands of young men shouting "Vive l'Ernpereur." It 
is very exciting. . . . 

MARCH 19 

The King and Royal Family leave Paris to-night. The 
Emperor, with a huge army, is expected at Fontainebleau 
to-morrow. The people in the streets look depressed 
and uncertain what to do. Father has told me to remain 
indoors. . . . 

65 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MARCH 20: PARIS, 11.30 

The Emperor arrived this evening; most of the Imperial 
Family were at the Tuilleries to greet him. All day the 
greatest confusion — officers and their staff, couriers, 
messengers, &c, galloping wildly about the streets. 
Great carts of baggage and furniture. It is very amusing: 
most of the shops closed, the cafes crammed, chairs even 
put out in the streets. Orators standing on tables 
making speeches; roars of "Vive l'Empereur," "Vive 
le petit Caporal." I don't know if it is genuine or not, 
the French are so excitable. The American Minister 
sent the Stars and Stripes for father to hang on the 
balcony, for protection in case of trouble. I saw the 
Emperor arrive, thousands and thousands cheering him. 
I got wedged in the crowd and carried along with it. . . . 

MARCH 21 

People seem mad with joy. What turncoats the French 
are ! Dense crowds surrounding the Tuilleries all day. 
I saw several of the Imperial Family driving. . . . 

MARCH 22 

There is to be a gala performance at the opera — the night 

not yet decided upon. The Emperor drove out to-day 

and was received with enthusiasm everywhere. 

We are leaving shortly for London. Father fears there 

may be trouble, which might delay our journey. . . . 

MARCH 23 

The performance at the opera to-night. I am going. . . . 

MARCH 24 

The scene was superb. For fully twenty minutes the 
audience yelled when the Emperor appeared; I yelled too. 
He is fat, looks very dull, tired, and bored. 
I had another sitting to-day for Monsieur David. 

68 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

MARCH 25 

We see but few people; all our friends seem to vanish 

like magic. 

A distracted letter from Madame de Stael to-day. She 

seems in great trouble about everything, particularly 

her fortune. 

Father will answer her under cover to Monsieur Naville, 

as he fears a letter addressed to her might not reach 

her. . . . 

MARCH 26 

The people are settling down as far as one can see. Father, 
through Monsieur David, has bought one or two beautiful 
pictures at a very low sum — a head of a "Madonna" 
on wood panel cut out of a large picture by Murillo, a 
fine Paolo Veronese, the subject Queen Esther before 
Ahasuerus, a portrait of Mile de Lafayette by Mignard, 
and a lovely head by Greuze. I don't think father will 
approve of my picture Monsieur David is painting; it 
is L' Amour et Psyche. I have not seen the model but 
would like to. She must be very pretty, only seventeen. 
We are not to pose together. . . . 

MARCH 28 

My last sitting, as we leave for England in a few days. 
MARCH 29 

The Emperor sent an aide-de-camp requesting an inter- 
view with father, purely on some financial matters. It 
places him in a most awkward position; he regrets he 
did not leave for England sooner. . . . 

MARCH 30 

The audience at 10.30 this morning. I am not to go. 
Father was not at all pleased with his interview. He 
says the Emperor was brusque — that his speech is most 
vulgar. Joseph Bonaparte was present. I had better 
quote father's own words: "The Emperor first asked 
my advice on important financial matters, to which I 

67 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

gave my frank opinion. He then began to question me 
about Canada, also the slave trade. I replied, 'Sire, 
my position is such that on these subjects my lips are 
at present sealed.' He abruptly said, 'Then why did 
you come here?' Bowing, I answered, 'I obeyed your 
Majesty's command out of respect for the ruler of France, 
but as an envoy from the United States to England I 
am not my own master.' The Emperor, turning his 
back on me, walked to a window; I having backed out 
of the room, so ended our interview." . . . 

MARCH 31 

We are leaving to-morrow for London. Father thinks 

it is wiser. . . . 

APRIL 1: PARIS 

We could not start after all — some difficulty about our 
passports. It seems we cannot leave until the 3rd. 
Father is much put out. He had a letter to-day from 
Lord Castlereagh. Mr. Adams is Minister to England. 
I will be very glad to see him again. . . . 

APRIL 2 

I saw the Emperor to-day riding with a great staff of 
officers. He certainly has a most powerful face. I 
went to the Francais last night. We leave early to- 
morrow. . . . 

APRIL 3: MANTES 

Our first stopping-place. Arrived in time to go to bed. 
Ugly country. ... I wrote a long letter home, as father 
has an offer to take letters from le Havre. . . . 

APRIL 4: LES ANDELYS 

A long weary day. There was some mistake about our 
relay of horses and we were detained three hours. We 
go by Rouen, as father wants me to see the cathedral. 
He need not arrive in London until the 10th. . . . 

68 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

APRIL 5: ROUEN 

Arrived here too late to see anything. . . . 

APRIL 6: ROUEN 

I have been all over the cathedral; it is very beautiful. 
Joan of Arc was burned here. We leave at 11 
o'clock. . . . 

APRIL 7: LE HAVRE 

We embarked at once. Awfully rough. Such a miserable 
little packet ! Only one cabin, and horrid odours of 
onions frying. I have gone under. . . . 

APRIL 9: DOVER 

An awful passage. Father has posted up to London, 
leaving me here to recover. I will leave to-morrow. . . . 

APRIL 10: LONDON 

We have been lent such a nice house in St. James's 
Street and all the servants. I have not seen father 
yet. . . . 

APRIL 11 

Mr. Adams does not arrive to take up his post until 
next month. 

Mr. Bayard is appointed Minister to Russia but he is 
too ill to accept it. He is in Paris. . . . 

APRIL 12 

I am very busy now as I have all sorts of documents to 
copy and file. I also have to go with father to take 
notes. All settling of negotiations is at present entirely 
carried out by him, so the work is very heavy. Lord 
Castlereagh is most gracious, even friendly. Our position 
in London is quite different now; I think I will enjoy 
myself. Mr. Clay arrives in a few days. The season 
has not yet commenced but people are returning to town. 

69 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

I have been specially enjoined not to record any gossip 
in my diary — to confine it as much as possible to interest- 
in*]; facts. Father dislikes gossip and tittle-tattle, saying 
it is only fit for idle women. I am having a fine dress 
made to be presented in May. . . . 

APRIL 16: LONDON 

I went to St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London 
to-day; the latter is most interesting. 
All we can do now is to go thoroughly into the following 
matters awaiting Mr. Adams' arrival: Colonial policy; 
regulating traffic with Canada; opening the St. Lawrence 
River to us; impressment and blockade in times of war; 
trade with West Indies and Nova Scotia; trade between 
India, Europe, and the United States. Father wishes 
to have everything ready, so as to be able to put matters 
clearly before the other delegates when all have assembled. 
Of course, he is anxious to go home, as he has been absent 
over two years. . . . 

APRIL 20: LONDON 

We are invited to pay a visit to the Duke of Devonshire 
at Chatsworth, also to Lord Saye and Sele at Broughton 
Castle. 1 went to see a cock-fight yesterday and did 
not like it; I will not go again. We dine and sup out 
a great deal. I cannot stand the hours they sit at the 
table drinking port and Madeira. At some houses they 
have round shallow silver trays on wheels holding the 
bottles, which are pushed round the table. I have 
never been accustomed to drink anything but claret and 
water, so I have to sit quiet doing nothing and listening 
to subjects discussed which are far beyond me. 

APRIL 26: BROUGHTON CASTLE 

This is a most interesting old castle surrounded by a 
moat with a drawbridge. The hall is full of armour 
which was fished out of the moat. My bedroom has a 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

sliding panel which opens on the chapel below; other 
rooms have the same. It is to hear early prayers without 
leaving one's room. . . . 

APRIL 29: CHATSWORTH 

We arrived here on Friday. A superb palace. His 
Grace is so handsome, such great dignity of manner 
and so kind and gracious. He is only twenty-five. Every- 
thing on a splendid scale. They say he will never marry 
as there is some doubt about his birth — that he is a 
changeling. We return to London on Tuesday. Father 
anxious to get back. . . . 

APRIL 30: CHATSWORTH 

There is a very large party stopping here; I cannot get 
hold of all the names. One very great lady is the Mar- 
chioness of Stafford; she is Countess of Sutherland in 
her own right. Like all well-born people I have met she 
is most simple, gracious, and charming. She seems to 
take an interest in everything and is most kind to me. 
She took me all over the house, pointing out the pictures 
and telling me their history. She was a great friend 
of the unfortunate Queen Marie Antoinette. She has 
the greatest admiration for Madame de Stael and was 
much interested in my account of our visit to Coppet. 
She laughed at the dedication to "Cupidon" in my copy 
of "Corinne" and calls me "Cupid." I am going to dye 
my hair black. The ladies are very fine at night and 
wear wonderful jewels. 

We visited some splendid places to-day. Everything is 
done in such great state. Poor father is so bored; 
I like it. 

MAY 1: CHATSWORTH 

We leave to-day. His Grace is putting a fine coach 
at our disposal with relays of horses all the way to 
London . . . 

71 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MAY 3: LONDON 

Mr. Adams arrives shortly. We found quantities of 
invitations. 

Dined with Mr. Alexander Baring. His wife was Miss 
Bingham from Philadelphia, her father a Senator. Mr. 
Frederick Robinson,* Vice-President of the Board of Trade, 
was one of the guests. He takes Lord Gambier's place. 
He seems most affable — a contrast to Lord Gambier, 
who reminded me of a fire cracker which would never 
go off but was always sputtering (I am forbidden to 
express my opinions). Lord Landsdowne and Lord Grey, 
very important personages, were also present. We are 
to be presented privately to the Regent on Saturday. . . . 

MAY 5: LONDON, SATURDAY 

We were received by the Regent at 12 o'clock. Carlton 
House is very fine but the furniture, &c, is too 
showy. The Regent and two of his brothers received 
us. The former is very handsome and dignified but is 
fat. He was superbly dressed, his brothers as well. 
Father made such a contrast in his black shorts, white 
silk stockings, and black coat with his white choker. 
The Prince has the most charming manners; he was 
most affable. I was in my new clothes — yellow breeches, 
white stockings, and a dark-blue coat embroidered in 
gold. He patted me on the cheek and said with a laugh, 
"You will break some hearts." Everything was done 
with the greatest tact — no mention of politics, simply a 
wish expressed that we should enjoy our sojourn in 
England. The audience lasted half an hour. 
I forgot to mention that a Royal carriage was sent to 
take us to the palace. There were three footmen behind 
and father's chasseur, in green with cock's feathers in 
his hat, stood on the step. We had to have a chasseur 
as father is "Special Ambassador to England." We never 

* Frederick John Robinson. Created Viscount Goderich, April 28, 
1827, and Earl of Ripon, April 13, 1833. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [ISIS 

drive out without him, and when we walk in the Mall 
he is always behind father. . . . 

MAY 9: THURSDAY 

Very busy writing. I have been to two balls and a rout. 
What a funny thing the latter is. You crawl up the 
staircase, bow to your hosts at the top, and crawl down 
again with your clothes torn off your back. They call 
that pleasure. We dine to-morrow with the Duke of 
Wellington. . . . 

MAY 11: SATURDAY 

A very fine dinner. Gold and silver plate superb. It 
lasted four hours. Everybody of note was present — 
all the Ministry. Of course, I was much interested. I 
sat next to Lord Grey. He did not talk but snapped out 
sentences; his mouth is like a mouse-trap. All the 
servants, they say, were bailiffs. There is so much 
splendour and so much absolutely degrading poverty in 
London. Neither in Paris nor Washington have I seen 
anything of the kind. . . . 

MAY 13: MONDAY 

Mr. Adams has arrived and we go to serious work. . . . 

MAY 15: WEDNESDAY 

A very long interview to-day; all delegates present. 
Mr. Robinson and father continually poured oil on the 
troubled waters. Serious matters were discussed, then 
dropped to be brought up again. They meet again on 
Friday. . . . 

MAY 17: FRIDAY 

Mr. Adams is really a thorn; he is so absolutely "Yankee" 
and of a common type. Why he is Minister here I 
cannot understand. He is totally unfitted for the post. 
He bursts out at times, upsetting everybody and every- 
thing. Father looks at him with tightly compressed 

73 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

lips. I fear some day he will wither him; now he only 
makes a clever joke which restores peace. I can see 
the contempt on the faces of the English delegates; 
they are so courteous and civil. . . . 

MAY 18 

Father had a long personal interview with Lord Castle- 
reagh to-day. They have both agreed that this is the 
wiser method to pursue. Lord C. told him they did more 
in an hour than, when all met, in a week. Father has 
the same confidence in his lordship's wonderful quickness 
in grasping matters, also his sound good sense of justice 
that Lord C. seems to reciprocate. 

MAY 20: LONDON 

Since the signing of the treaty at Ghent there have been 
a series of leaders in the Times inspired by the war party, 
of the most bitter character. Of course, they have 
annoyed me very much. Father has spoken to me 
several times on the subject with his calm good sense. 
He says this is inevitable— to be regretted, but unworthy 
of notice. 

Lord Castlereagh has assured him that when he received 
the news of the signing of the treaty at Vienna he was 
overjoyed. 

The Duke of Wellington and Lord Liverpool have 
expressed the same sentiments. What has pleased me 
more than anything else is that these three great men have 
unreservedly acknowledged that to his good sense, 
moderation, and firmness the signing of the treaty was 
due. He has no vanity, but feels it is a reward for all 
the personal sacrifices he has made. 

MAY 23 

There is a great activity in military circles; evidently 
the allies are determined to crush Napoleon once and for 
all. All this delays us. Father says the climax one 

74 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

way or the other must soon arrive. He is a little anxious, 
but says little. . . . 

MAY 26 

Wild rumours of all sorts of what the Emperor is going 

to do or try to do. Father fears a great financial crisis. . . . 

MAY 28 

There is but one absorbing topic, "Napoleon" ! 

"Boney"!!! 

JUNE 7: LONDON 

Father received a detailed account of the great ceremony 
in the Champs de Mars. There was first a solemn Mass, 
then the Emperor swore fidelity to the New Constitution. 
He was dressed in the Imperial robes of state. His 
brothers wore Court dresses of white velvet embroidered 
in gold, short capes of the same material powdered with 
golden bees, and caps with masses of white ostrich feathers. 
The Emperor distributed the eagles to the various regi- 
ments. At that moment a terrific thunderstorm broke 
and this, together with the repeated salutes of artillery, 
made a most impressive, if not theatrical, scene. In a 
box next to the throne were all the Imperial princesses 
with their children. I wish I had seen all this. . . . 

JUNE 12 

But little news. Messrs. Bayard and Crawford sail in 
the Neptune on the 18th. Father is forced to remain 
to sign the treaty. Always some new obstacle crops up. 
Mr. Adams impossible. 

JUNE 15 

Great news. Napoleon left Paris last Monday; they say 

he is marching on Brussels. . . . 

JUNE 17 

News arrives only to be contradicted, but the fact remains 
the Emperor is sweeping all before him. Father only 

75 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

seems troubled about the financial crash which is sure to 
follow if Napoleon is victorious. . . . 

JUNE 18 

Great anxiety. Consols have fallen terribly. I have 
never seen greater depression; everybody one sees 
seems frightened. A rumour to-day that a battle had 
been fought and that the Duke of Wellington was crushed; 
to-night that is contradicted. One cannot believe any- 
thing. They say Monsieur Rothschild has mounted 
couriers from Brussels to Ostend and a fast clipper ready 
to sail the moment something is decisive one way or the 
other. . . . 

JUNE 25, 1815 

The last few days have been so intoxicating that I have 
not had a moment to write in my diary. When the 
news was confirmed of the great victory of the Duke of 
Wellington at Waterloo London went mad and I with it. 
People I had never seen before rushed up to me in the 
streets and shook me violently by the hand. Father 
now says we will have a long and lasting peace — that 
Napoleon will be obliged to abdicate, that his star has 
fallen. Many people have been ruined and others have 
made large fortunes. He is a little annoyed at the 
desertion of Messrs. Bayard and Crawford, who have 
sailed in the Neptune, leaving us to get home as best 
we can. . . . 

JUNE 26 

The Emperor has arrived in Paris. It seems he wanted 
to be killed but his marshals forced him into a carriage, 
as they feared he might be taken prisoner. . . . 

JUNE 27 

We are nearing the completion of the Treaty of Commerce, 
and it is to be signed in a day or two. . . . 

76 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

JUNE 28 

Father had a farewell audience with the Regent. I did 

not go. Mr. Baring is most kind to us. . . . 

JUNE 29 

Of course, Mr. Adams is retarding matters with his pig- 
headedness. Mr. Robinson is so entirely different, so 
suave and conciliatory. Father is perfectly satisfied 
with the conditions of the treaty. . . . 

JUNE 30 

Father has decided to leave London on July 4, on our 
way home. My mother is not well. We have secured 
a good ship. . . . 

JULY 2 

The treaty signed to-day but not without difficulty. 
Mr. Adams at the last moment wished to make all sorts 
of alterations. Father agreed to some of them, and 
Mr. Robinson also; if it had been Mr. Goulburn or 
Adams they would not have agreed so easily. Mr. 
Robinson has been most charming in every way. We 
dine for the last time with Mr. Baring. . . . 

JULY 3 

We are actually off to-morrow. All the Barings were 
so kind. The dinner was delightful and we parted 
with them with deep regret. I will be glad to get 
home; after all it is my home and I love it. But I 
want to come back. Homme propose mais Dieu 
dispose. 



11 



PART III 

THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE 

FROM THE RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS TO THE 
ASSASSINATION OF THE DUC DE BERRI 

NOVEMBER 1815— JULY 1820 

NOVEMBER 23, 1815: NEW YORK 

Much to my regret, father has written to-day declining 
the mission to France. Lately he seems to have got an 
idea in his head that he must devote his attention to 
making money for his children. Mamma is greatly dis- 
appointed as well as Frances; they had been looking 
forward to the gaieties of Paris life after all I had told 
them. Albert does not care; he would prefer to live 
in the backwoods. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to THOMAS JEFFERSON 

New York, November 27, 1815 
Dear Sir, 

On my return from Washington I found your 
welcome letter of October 16, which my friends here, 
daily expecting my return, had kept instead of forwarding 
it. 

Our opinion of Bonaparte is precisely the same. In 
that Lafayette's and the opinion of every friend of rational 
liberty in France did coincide. The return of that man 
was generally considered by them as a curse. Notwith- 
standing the blunders and rooted prejudices of the 
Bourbons, the alienation of the army and the absolute 
want of physical force had made them, upon the whole, 

78 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

harmless, and as soon as the termination of the Congress* 
would have left France independent of foreign interference, 
they must in the course of things either have been overset 
or have governed according to public opinion. After 
Bonaparte's restoration, it was hoped to pursue a similar 
course; others, placing confidence in the declarations 
of the Allies, hoped to get rid both of him and of the 
Bourbons. All saw the necessity of defending the 
country against foreign invasion, but the fatal catastrophe 
was not, to its full extent, anticipated by any. I call it 
a catastrophe with an eye only to the present; for, 
exhausted, degraded, and oppressed as France now is, 
I do not despair of her ultimate success in establishing 
her independence and a free form of Government. The 
people are too enlightened to submit long to any but a 
military despotism. What has lately passed was a scene 
in the drama, perhaps necessary to effect a radical cure 
of that love of conquest which had corrupted the nation 
and made the French oppressors abroad and slaves at 
home. As to independence, we have the recent instance 
of Prussia, which, with far inferior population, resources, 
or intellect, arose in two years from almost annihilation 
to the rank of a preponderating Power. But to return 
to Bonaparte: I lament to see our republican editors 
so much dazzled by extraordinary actions or carried 
away by natural aversion to our only dangerous enemy 
as to take up the cause of that despot and conqueror, 
and to represent him as the champion of liberty who has 
been her most mortal enemy, where hatred to republican 
systems was founded on the most unbounded selfishness 
and on the most hearty contempt for mankind. I really 
wish that you would permit me to publish, or rather that 
you would publish, your opinions on that subject. This 
might have a tendency to correct those which are daily 
published, and which do injury to our cause at home, 
and to our country abroad. 

* At Vienna and the dissolution of the Coalition. 
79 



1815] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Under different circumstances, without having any 

wish for a foreign mission or a residence in France, 

1 mighl have accepted the appointment of Minister there. 

But, Batisfied that nothing can at this moment be effected 

in that country, and it being very reluctant to my feelings 

to be on a mission to a degraded monarch and to a nation 

under the yoke of foreign armies, L thought that I might, 

without any breach of public duty or of private gratitude, 

consult my own convenience, and I have accordingly 

officially informed our Government that I declined 

altogether the appointment. A ^ 

rtr Albert Gallatin 

NOVEMBER 27 

I had a long conversation with father this morning. For 
the first time he told me of Mr. John Jacob Astor's most 
generous oiler to take him into partnership, with a fifth 
share in a business whose profits were $100, 000 a year. 
His reasons for refusing were, although he respected 
Mr. Astor, he never could place himself on the same level 
with him. 1 am not surprised, as Astor was a butcher's 
son at Waldorf — came as an emigrant to this country 
with a pack on his back. He peddled furs, was very 
clever, and is, 1 believe, one of the kings of the fur trade. 
He dined here and ate his ice-cream and peas with a 
knife. 

DECEMBER 6 

He showed me a letter from Mr. Monroe again urging 

him io accept the French mission. It is in the most 

flattering terms and begs father not to withdraw from 

political life that he is by far the finest diplomatist we 

have, that anything would be safe in his hands. 

I did hope he was going to tell me he would accept, 

but when I ventured to ask him his answ r er was: "I 

must think of making proper provision for my family. 

I am getting old." 

80 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1815 

DECEMBER 19 

Another letter from Mr. Monroe urging father to recon- 
sider the mission to France. We all want him to, but we 
know perfectly well it is wise for us not to say anything. I 
honestly feel I would much prefer to live in either France 
or England all is so crude in this country. The two 
years I spent in Russia, France, and England have 
unfitted me for America. 

DECEMBER 2« 

Father has just brought another letter to copy. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES MONROE 

New Yohk, December 26, 1815 
Dear Sir, 

I have received your friendly letters of the 4th 
and 10th instant, and have a grateful sense of the motives 
which dictated them. I can assure you that I feel a 
great reluctance to part with my personal and political 
friends, and that every consideration merely personal 
to myself and detached from my family urges a con- 
tinuance in public life. My habits are formed and cannot 
be altered. I feel alive to everything connected with 
the interest, happiness, and reputation of the United 
States. Whatever affects unfavourably either of them 
makes me more unhappy than any private loss or incon- 
venience. Although I have nothing to do with it, the 
continual suspension of specie payments, which I con- 
sider as a continued unnecessary violation of the public 
faith, occupies my thoughts more than any other subject. 
I feel as a passenger in a storm — vexed that I cannot 
assist. This 1 understand to be very generally the 
feeling of every statesman out of place. Be this as it 
may, although I did and do believe that for the present 
at least I could not be of much public utility in France, 
I did in my private letter to the President place my 
declining on the ground of private considerations. In 

81 



1810] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

that respect my views are limited to the mere means of 
existence without falling in debt. 1 do not wish to 
accumulate any property. I will not do my family the 
injury of impairing the little I have. My health is frail; 
they may soon lose me, and I will not leave them depend- 
ent on the bounty of others. Was I to go to France, 
and my compensation and private income (this last 
does not exceed $2500 a year) did not enable me to live 
as 1 ought, I must live as I can. I ask your forgiveness 
for entering in those details, but you have treated me as 
a friend and 1 write to you as such. You have from 
friendship wished that 1 would reconsider my iirst 
decision, and I will avail myself of the permission. It 
will be understood that in the meanwhile, if the delay 
is attended with any public inconvenience, a new appoint- 
ment may immediately take place. My motive for 
writing when I did was a fear that, specially with respect 
to other missions, the belief that I would go to France 
might induce the President to make different arrange- 
ments from those he would have adopted on a contrary 
supposition. . . . 

Albert Gallatin 

JANUARY 2, 1816 

I really believe he is going to change his mind after all. 
Mamma does not mention the subject but sighs deeply 
at intervals. Frances declared at breakfast it was useless 
for her to go on with her French as they were not going 
to Paris. . . . 

FEBRUARY 2 

Hurrah ! everything couleur dc rose. I wrote the letter 
accepting the French mission for him at his dictation. 
Mr, Monroe had written him the most pressing letter on 
the 27th of last month, begging for an immediate reply 
one way or the other. All I say to them at home is, 
"Faites vos paqucts, mesdames" . . . 

82 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 

ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES MONROE 

accepting the mission to France 

New York, February 2, 1816 
Dear Sir, 

I have just received your letter of 27th ult., and 
have at last concluded to avail myself of the permission 
given me to accept again the mission to France. I am 
duly sensible of yours and the President's kindness in 
having kept the question so long opened, and hope you 
will find an apology for my hesitation in the importance, 
at my age, of a decision which must so materially affect 
the prospects for life of my wife and children. I believe 
with you that the chance of Congress making any addi- 
tional allowance to Foreign .Ministers is not the better 
on account either of the present incumbents or of the 
state of suspense in which some of the important missions 
are now kept. On what may hereafter be done no 
reliance can be placed. I calculate only on what now 
exists, and mean, as I before stated, to regulate my 
expenses accordingly. If I find it impracticable to live 
without encroaching on my small property, I will beg 
permission to return. I believe an additional compen- 
sation to be much more important to the United States 
than to the individual. 

I have still some private arrangements to complete, 
which will not, however, detain me long, and I will be 
ready to repair to Washington, for the purpose of reading 
the former correspondence and receiving your instruc- 
tions, at any time you may be pleased to appoint. It will 
best suit my convenience to have a short time allowed 
me on my return from Washington. I will, in the 
meanwhile, wait for your answer. 

I beg you to present Mrs. G.'s and my best respects 
to Mrs. M. and to Mrs. Hay, and to believe me, with 
sincere respect and esteem, truly yours. 

You will have the goodness to return or destroy the 

83 



1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

letter in which I had declined the appointment, as it 
should not remain on the files of the office. 

Albert Gallatin 



JAMES MONROE to ALBERT GALLATIN 

Washington, February 13, 1816 
Dear Sir, 

We were much gratified to find by your last letter 
that you accepted the mission to France. I have not 
wished to take you from your affairs, which I am con- 
vinced must require your unremitted attention before 
your departure; but I now think that the sooner you 
come here the better it will be. It is known that you 
have accepted the mission, and an early visit here will 
produce a good effect. The prospect of obtaining an 
augmentation, in the modes heretofore suggested, of the 
salary is improved by the acceptance; and, being here, 
the opportunity you will have of conferring with Mr. Clay 
and Mr. Crawford on the subject, and interesting them 
in it, will give to our exertions much aid. This you may 
afford, in the present state, with perfect delicacy. Every- 
thing will be done to accommodate your views, in the 
time of your departure, that circumstances will permit. 
Your former letter was not filed in the Department. 
I will return it to you when we meet. Our best regards 
to Mrs. Gallatin. 

With great respect and esteem, 

Sincerely yours. 

James Monroe 



APRIL 13 

Bother ! I wish people would let him alone. They now 

offer him the Treasury; again all our plans are at a 

standstill. 

8-4 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 

APRIL 18 

He will not accept. He says his arrangements to go to 
France are too far advanced to be changed at this last 
moment. He also has some very important business to 
settle in Geneva. The family bourse has accumu- 
lated for so long, and now is such a large sum, he thinks 
something should be done with it. He is the only male 
Gallatin in the world and the Gallatin women have no 
claim to it; there are several of them married in Geneva 
of the different branches. Anyhow, to France we go. 

MAY 25 

I have been on board the Peacock (Captain Rogers), 
which is fitting out to take us as soon as possible. The 
captain told me to-day he would be ready June 1, but 
from the appearance of things I do not believe he will. 

JUNE 2 

Of course, the Peacock is not ready. Here we are all 

packed up and ready; everything most uncomfortable. 

JUNE 7 

The captain has promised father that he will be able 

to sail in two days. All our baggage has been put on 

board. 

JUNE 10: ON BOARD THE PEACOCK 
We are actually off. Such a host of friends to bid us 
"God-speed." Mamma in tears, Frances in tears, all 
the maids in tears, and all the female relations in tears. 
At the present moment mamma and Frances are waving 
to the receding shore. Albert is busy with the chickens, 
of which we have a large supply. . . . 

JULY 9: PARIS 

After a very fast passage here we are in Paris. I can 
hardly believe it is true, and keep rubbing my eyes, 
thinking I may be asleep and dreaming. 

85 



1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JULY 10 

Father had an interview with the Ducde Richelieu* to-day 

at 1- o'clock; I was present to take notes. He ex- 
pressed a most friendly feeling that the French Govern- 
ment had for the United States — in fact, was most civil, 
even cordial. 

lie seemed anxious to know what our feelings toward 
England were. Father answered that the two Govern- 
ments were on excellent terms, but of course there was 
irritation between the people, which always existed after 
a war— that he regretted that public journals added 
fuel to the flame. 

The Duke regretted that the newspapers misrepresented 
the present government of France. He could not under- 
stand how most of the English and American papers 
defended a man who crushed liberty everywhere. 
The Duke, on leaving, said His Majesty wished father 
to present his letters of credence to-morrow as the Royal 
Family were Leaving Paris shortly. 

JULY 11 

1 accompanied father to the palace to present his letters. 
1 was amazed at our reception, both by the King and 
the Prince, Our audience was, of course, private. 
Father presented me. Both the King and the Prince 
expressed themselves as most friendly towards the 
United States. "Monsieur,"'' the Due d'Angonleme, 
and the Due de Berri were present. The King is old 
and very fat. Monsieur is rather handsome; the 
Due d'Angonleme very stern but with a very kind face; 

* Due de Richelieu (Fernand-EmmanueLSophie-Septimanio du 
Plessis), peer of France. Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of 
the Council September 26, 1815; died May 17. 1822. 

t "Monsieur" Charles-Philippe de France, Comte d'Artois, brother 

of the King. lie succeeded Louis XY1I1 as King of France September 
16, 1824. He reigned under the name of Charles X. His two sons 
were the Dukes of Angouleme and Berri. 

86 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 

the Due de Berri very good-looking and very gay and 

smiling. 

Very great etiquette is maintained. They say the 

King is more strict than even Louis XIV was. We cut 

a sorry sight in our plain blaek coats and breeches with 

all the splendours of the Court uniforms. 

The King asked about mamma's health, how she had 

borne the journey — is really most kind and gracious. 

Court coaches were sent for us and took us back. Mr. 

Sheldon* followed us in the second coach. 

JULY 30: 21 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITH 
I have been all day interviewing servants — tall and short, 
fat and thin —until I can hardly speak. After sorting 
out what I considered the best, I had them drawn up 
for father's approval, which I am glad to say he gave. 
Major-domo —Gallon by name, a very fine person; 
two house footmen, Ivlouard and Alfred; two carriage 
footmen, Louis and Jean; Chef, Monsieur Katifar, such 
a great personage (he brings his own kitchen staff); three 
maids, all pretty — I chose them. I don't know what 
mamma will say when she sees them. I hate to look at 
ugly women. 

The house is really very fine entre cours et jardin. 
Furniture old but very good. We have to supply our 
own plate and linen. We have to make some alterations, 
so mamma and Prances have gone to the Lussaes at 
Versailles. I have my own valet, Lucien, aged twenty- 
five — a very important person he thinks himself, valet 
to a Secretary of Embassy. He will call me "Excel- 
lence." 

AUGUST 2 

All the morning choosing carriages and horses. Of the 

latter we got two pairs, very fine for the " Berline," 

which is all glass in front; this will be for Court and 

* Mr. Sheldon was one of Albert Gallatin's secretaries. 

87 



1810] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

state occasions. A very strong "Brichka" for everyday 
use, a nice stout little pair lor it. A cabriolet for me; 
any of the big horses will go in single. 

AUGUST 6 

We are really in very good order and the servants excel- 
lent. Madame Patterson Bonaparte has written from 
Geneva asking if she might be allowed to pay us a visit 
of a few days. She is on her way to America. She arrives 
on the 10th. 

Note : The following letter written at this dale gives an interesting ac- 
count of the financial condition of France afler Waterloo. 

LETTER from ALBERT GALLATIN to JAMES 
MONROE AT WASHINGTON 

Paris, August 6, 1816 
Sir, 

You were informed by my dispatch No. 1 of my 
arrival in this city on the 9th of last month. On the 
11th I had audience of the King, to whom I delivered 
my letters of credence. The reception, both from him 
and from the princes, was what is called gracious, and 
accompanied with the usual expressions of most friendly 
disposition towards the United States. 
My abode here has been too short to enable me to form 
any opinion of the prospect we have of succeeding in 
obtaining the indemnities so justly due to our citizens, 
and I do not wish to enter into the discussion until I 
have ascertained as far as practicable the disposition 
of this Government in that respect. Whatever this may 
be, the situation of their finances will be a formidable 
obstacle in our way. That there will be a great deficit 
this and every succeeding year until the foreign contribu- 
tions are discharged is notorious. The precise amount 
of that deficit for this year is not so well known, but, 
from a source entitled to confidence, has been stated to 

88 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1810 

me as exceeding 350 millions of francs. It is not believed 
that any practical increase of taxes can produce more 
than 100 millions. The residue, or 250 millions a year 
for five years, must therefore remain unpaid, or be 
provided for by creating new stock. That situation would, 
indeed, be deplorable in a country where there is no 
public credit, and where the Treasury cannot raise money 
in any other manner than by selling their 5 per cent, 
stock at the market rate, which does not now exceed 
58 per cent. I still hope that the statement is exagger- 
ated; but the reliance which seems to be placed on the 
forbearance of the allied Powers confirms the opinion 
that the internal resources are not sufficient to meet the 
foreign demands. 

It has been suggested to me that some classes of claims, 
particularly that of vessels burnt at sea, would, if pressed 
by themselves, have a better chance of being admitted; 
but, unless otherwise instructed, I will not pursue a course 
which might injure the general mass of our claims. . . . 

Albert Gallatin 

AUGUST 7 

His Majesty has expressed a wish — in fact, a command — 
that mamma is to be received in private audience, and 
has fixed the 9th. Fortunately, she has all her frocks 
ready. She is to be received in the morning. All the 
corps diplomatique have called, and now it is nothing 
but returning visits. The de Broglies are still with 
Madame de Stael at Coppet, but arc returning to Paris 
shortly. The Due de la Rochefoucauld d'Enville (a distant 
relation) has been most kind, and has told father what 
he ought to do and what he ought not to do. 

AUGUST 10 

Mamma was most graciously received. Father accom- 
panied her. She had to wear full Court dress at eleven 
in the morning. She was first received by the King, 

89 



1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

who spoke English to her, much to her relief. When 
she retired from the presence she was escorted by Madame 
de Duras to the apartments of the Duchesse d'Angouleme. 
It seems it was most trying. She has not yet recovered 
from the fatigue, as she is not strong. 

AUGUST 11 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte arrived this morning from 
Geneva. Her baggage nearly filled the antechamber. 
She is very lovely, but hard in expression and manner. 
I don't think she has much heart. Her son seems to 
be her one thought. She had a very long talk with 
father about his future (her son's) ; she is most ambitious 
for him. She even has a list of the different princesses 
who will be available for him to marry: as he is only 
ten years old, it is looking far ahead. 
I have but little work to do here. I foresee I will 
soon be in mischief. Paris is indeed the paradise of 
young men. 

AUGUST 12, 1816 

Madame Bonaparte's conversation most brilliant. At 
supper last night she said that when in Paris just after the 
hundred days, she was at a ball at the British Embassy. 
She noticed she was much stared at, and that some of 
the ladies curtsied to her. She asked the Duke of Wel- 
lington what it meant, and he told her she was taken 
for Pauline Bonaparte* as she was so strikingly like her, 
and that people were so amazed at thinking Pauline 
Bonaparte would have dared come back to France. 
The Ambassador came up to her at that moment to lead 
her to supper. This intrigued the company all the 
more. She is frightfully vain. 

AUGUST 14 

Father had an audience of the King this morning. He 

suddenly said: "I hear that Madame Jerome Bonaparte 

* Sister of Napoleon, married Prince Borghese. 

90 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1816 

is with you. Pray express to her our regret she will not 
come to our Court, but that we know her reasons for 
not doing so." When father told her she was much 
gratified, and said, "That Corsican blackguard would 
not have been so gracious." 

AUGUST 15 

Madame Bonaparte left to-day for Havre to embark for 
America. She is such an interesting person, we will 
miss her. She gave mamma a ruby-velvet frock to cut 
up for Frances. To father she gave a really beautiful 
turquoise and diamond brooch. He will never wear it, 
so I will have it. 

AUGUST 17 

We are very busy with documents to be copied to send 
to America. The Due de Richelieu had a very long 
conference with father yesterday. The latter likes him 
so much — admires all his fine qualities, particularly his 
great simplicity, frugality, and above all his honesty. 

AUGUST 23 

I drove my new "curricle" for the first time to-day. 
I do not know which was the most proud, myself, Lucien, 
or the horse. It is rather difficult to drive a spirited 
horse and to keep taking off one's hat every moment. 
I have to be on the qui vive not to fail to return a salute; 
I will do better when I get to know people's faces better, 
but now I find it most difficult. I saw many lovely 
ladies, and I flatter myself some of them saw me. I 
find they notice much more when I am driving than when 
I am on foot. Moral — always drive. 
I have just come back from walking in the gardens 
of the Palais Royal. How pretty Frenchwomen are I 
I know I shall get into all sorts of scrapes. I don't 
remember if I noted our visit to Monsieur de Lafayette. 
He is stopping with a Mr. Parker some distance from 

91 



1816] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Paris. He has permission to come to Paris but does 
not wish to do so at present. His greeting to father 
was most cordial. We are soon going to see him again. 
I now find it most difficult to keep up my diary; lately 
I have neglected it terribly. In the future I will have 
simply to write when I can find time and from memory. 
It is work all the morning, receiving for father all kinds 
and qualities of people; dining out, suppers, theatres, 
and all sorts and kinds of varied amusements. Hardly 
time to sleep. 

I have made friends with a charming little danseuse of 
the opera, Rosette by name. 

A week since I have been able to take up my pen. On 
Thursday father and mother were commanded to dine 
with the King — a very great honour it seems, and one 
reserved for princes and ambassadors. A rather amusing 
incident happened. After dinner a small reception was 
held. Amongst the ladies received was a Comtesse de 
Boigne.* She is the daughter of the Marquis d'Osmond, f 
ambassador in England. In a loud tone she expressed 
her astonishment at the presence of Monsieur Gallatin 
and his wife to the Prince de Conde.J His answer to her 
was: "His Majesty cannot too highly honour Monsieur 
Gallatin, as, although representing a new country, his 
ancestors had served France for generations and one had 
been a most honoured and intimate friend of Henri IV. "§ 
It seems this got to the King's ears, who was much 
annoyed, and when Madame de Boigne made her curtsy 
he turned his back on her. She called on mamma the 
next day, and was most gracious and asked too many 

* Charlotte Louise Elenore Adelaide d'Osmond married at the age 
of sixteen General de Boigne. Separated from him after ten months 
of married life. He was immensely rich and allowed her a large income. 

t Rene Eustache Marquis d'Osmond, Peer of France, Ambassador 
in England. 

t R6ne de Conde, born 1736, Due de Bourbon. 

§See Appendix II. 

92 




CASPAR GALLATIN 
Friend of Henri IV 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

questions. They say she is the mistress of the Due 
d 'Orleans, who is not allowed to come back to France. 
Madame de Stael has arrived. I went with father to 
see her to-day; she looks very ill. She had heard of 
Madame de Boigne's behaviour and was very angry. 
She said, "That woman is effrontery itself," and "Truth 
never received her invitation to her christening." Madame 
Recamier was much amused and told many funny anec- 
dotes about Madame de B. It seems her husband is an 
Indian nabob who has property at Chambery. They 
do not live together but he allows her a large income. 
Albertine de Broglie was delightful — so glad to see us 
and is so natural and unaffected. They are looking for 
a house, but are at present with her mother. . . . 

DECEMBER 

Poor neglected diary ! I have broken with Rosette 
and now dance with the jeunes filles du monde. It is not 
amusing as I take them back to their mothers when the 
dance is over. We hardly speak a word. How I hate 
all this etiquette ! We dined yesterday at the Due 
de Bern's. They were both most gracious; she is like 
a spoiled child and has very bad manners. The Duke of 
Wellington was a guest, and after dinner the Due de Berri 
spoke most kindly to me. They say he has many friends 
in the coulisse of the opera. He is so gay and cheerful — 
such a contrast to his father and uncle. They say the 
Orleans family will soon return to the Palais Royale 
and they receive in the most informal manner. A great 
ball at the Duke of Wellington's. 

It seems the Royal Family were most rude, but that 
the duke did not pay any attention and rather put them 
to shame. Some extraordinary English women were 
present. 

JANUARY 1817 

I am trying to collect my senses as it has been nothing 
but a whirl of gaiety. Father insisted upon having a 

93 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

supper Christmas Day: Madame de Stael, the de Broglies, 
Pozzo di Borgo, Baron Humboldt, Constant Rebecque, 
Monsieur la Place, the Due de Richelieu, Chateaubriand, 
Due and Duchesse de Clermont-Tonnerre, Rochefoucauld, 
his son, and a host of others. We sat down thirty-eight. 
Albert and Frances were allowed to appear on this occa- 
sion. Mamma had a huge Christmas-tree in one of the 
drawing-rooms. Small souvenirs for all. As Pozzo was 
cutting off some of the presents the tree caught fire: 
de Broglie pulled off his coat, I followed suit, and we 
smothered the fire before it did much damage. At 
midnight mamma had had prepared "egg nog" and 
"apple toddy," and we all drank each other's health 
in American fashion. Madame de Stael looks very ill. 
After all our guests had left I slipped off to the Maison 
Doree — quite a different company. I managed to slip 
into the house at 6 o'clock without any of the servants 
seeing me. 

What gaiety there is in Paris this season of the year ! 
Everybody seems cheerful and happy, and all is >so 
bright. Father and I dined on Sunday with the Prince 
and Princess Galitzin. Katinka Galitzin is pretty and 
full of fun; we get on capitally. She has much more 
liberty than French girls, being Russian. The son of the 
Due de Caumont la Force is courting her. In the evening 
a reception at Court. Mamma had excused herself 
on the plea of illness, but the fact is her religious prin- 
ciples will not allow her to go to any big ball or Court 
on Sunday. It is a little awkward for father as most 
of the big Court functions are on Sunday. I forgot to 
mention the splendid ceremony at Notre Dame on 
Christmas Eve. The cathedral was in complete darkness 
save for a few dim lamps. As the bell rang twelve strokes 
a burst of light and the most beautiful singing I ever 
heard. The crowd was terrific; several women fainted. 
I was an hour getting out, so was late for a supper at the 
Doree. Toutes ces " yetites dames ! " 

94 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

What a gorgeous New Year ! Visits, visits — nothing 
but visits. My pockets are empty, titrennes for all the 
servants, presents to all the family, not forgetting my 
coulisse friends, has cleared me out. 

Another Court function on Sunday, which, again on 
the plea of illness, mamma begged to be excused. His 
Majesty noticed her absence and most graciously inquired 
if she were seriously ill. Father, who is so absolutely 
frank, answered: "Sire, I regret that my wife's religious 
principles prevent her going to any entertainment on 
Sunday." The King, instead of being annoyed, answered, 
"Pray convey our respects to Madame Gallatin, and tell 
her we honour her principles and her courage." Father 
was much relieved. 

JANUARY 9 

To our immense surprise, a Court courier arrived this 
morning to say that his Majesty would in person call 
at 1.30. No time for any preparations. Father said, 
"We will receive his Majesty in absolute simplicity, as 
behoves our republic." He arrived with Monsieur in 
a very simple coach. Mamma, father, the children, and 
myself received him under the perron in the courtyard. 
He is very infirm — apologized for not getting out of the 
carriage. He handed mamma a large roll which was a 
very fine engraving of himself. Written in English is 
"To Madam Gallatin, with all the respect due to a woman 
who has principles. Signed, Louis." He greatly admired 
Frances, who really promises to be very beautiful. Her 
complexion, like mamma's, is absolutely perfect. After 
much bowing, &c. &c, he drove off. It seems no such 
honour has ever been conferred by him before. Every- 
body tells father the King pays more attention to him 
than to anybody else. Comte de Gallatin, our cousin, 
the Minister from Wurtemberg, says he is very jealous. 
By the way, his story is an odd one. His father was in 
the service of the Duke of Brunswick when the duke was 

95 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

killed at the Battle of Jena. As he was dying he said 
to the King of Wiirtemberg, "I leave to you my most 
trusted friend." The King took him into his service and 
created him a Count. Unfortunately, this one only has 
daughters. We are on the most intimate terms with 
the family. Poor mamma is quite dazed — the whole 
system of living is so entirely different from that in 
America; this, coupled with her want of fluency in 
French, adds to her troubles. Fortunately, we have 
been able to obtain the services of an excellent house- 
keeper, Madame Berthal by name — a Russian who speaks 
every language under the sun. Nothing ever affects 
father; he is always pleased, and I have never seen him 
put out at anything. I really believe if he was given 
his breakfast at midnight, his dinner at 6 a.m., and his 
supper at midday he would hardly notice the difference. 
I have just been seeing the footmen, coachmen, &c, 
in their new liveries. For ordinary occasions, dark blue 
plush breeches, yellow waistcoats, and dark blue coats 
with silver buttons, black silk stockings; state liveries, 
light blue breeches, white silk stockings, yellow waistcoats, 
and light blue cloth coats with broad silver braid and 
silver buttons. The latter is exact, as dark blue does not 
exist in heraldry. 

Father is a little doubtful, fearing Americans may 
object to so much show, but he feels the Court of France 
requires it. 

Albert's black, Peter, whom we brought from America, 
showed the cook how to make buckwheat cakes. This 
came as a complete surprise. Poor mamma burst out 
crying when she saw them. Frances is taking dancing 
lessons. I have learnt to cut a "pigeon's wing" and had 
a great success at the Galitzin's on Sunday evening. . . . 
Our cousin, Count Gallatin, is most kind; he and his 
wife have told mamma all that is required of her at Court. 
We really are in a strange position. Father represents a 
new republic, and with all his aristocratic relations here 

96 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

much more is expected of mamma, but her manners are 
so simple and so utterly unaffected that father begs her 
not to change them in any way. 

An accident happened to mamma's berline to-day. 
Turning from the Faubourg St. Honore into the Rue des 
Ecuries d'Artois, one of the hind wheels caught on the 
high kerb and was wrenched off. Fortunately, the 
horses are very quiet and were not frightened. Frances 
was a little cut by the glass of the window she was sitting 
by. The English Ambassadress was passing at the time, 
and very kindly insisted upon taking mamma to the 
Embassy, which is close by. After having Frances' 
face seen to she drove mamma home; it was most 
gracious of her. 

• •*••• 

I have made the acquaintance of a young American 
who is studying painting, Grayson by name. He is 
going to introduce me to the "grisette world"; I am 
looking forward to it. We go to one of the students' 
balls on Sunday night. I must keep this very quiet, as 
I fear father would be much annoyed. He does not mind 
how much I go out in the grand monde but he dislikes 
anything like low life. He never had a youth himself; 
he was penned up in Geneva, and when he went to 
America he lived a simple life in the wild parts. I would 
not care to do anything to annoy him. 
My grisette ball was not a success — the fact is, it was 
not fit for any gentleman to go to; I am not particular 
but there are limits. The men were much worse than 
the women. How can they degrade themselves to such 
an extent ! They left nothing to the imagination. I 
was determined to stop to the end, and even went to 
supper at a restaurant at the Halle. I will never forget 
the horrible orgie. There were Russian, Spanish, Italian, 
and Prussian students; they might have been wild 
beasts from their behaviour. This has been a lesson to 
me; I am glad of the experience and will profit by it. 

97 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

At the Elysee Bourbon last evening there was a little 
singing vaudeville played by children which was very 
pretty; then supper, and we danced a contre-danse, 
which gave me a chance to cut my "pigeon's wings." 
I cut eight in succession when my turn came as advancing 
cavalier. Madame de Boigne, in that horrid voice of 
hers, said, "Tres bien, mon jeune Americain.'" How I 
dislike that woman ! I cannot help it, she is nothing 
but pretension. I believe she thinks herself the most 
important person in France. 

I dined at the Russian Embassy yesterday and made 
such a fool of myself. It was a delightful dinner, and 
I took in Princess Katinka Galitzin. There was a large 
plat monte of nougat. When it was passed to me the 
other guests had only taken off some of the ornaments. 
Princess K. wanted some of the nougat, so I boldly stuck 
it with a silver fork; I did not think it was so brittle — 
bang went the whole thing, scattering the nougat in all 
directions. If the floor had only opened ! Bits of the 
nougat stuck in the ladies' hair, on their necks and 
shoulders. I was filled with confusion. Pozzo di Borgo 
exclaimed, " Voila V Americain qui attaque la citadelle 
de Russie." This caused a general laugh and put every- 
body in a good humour. I have not got over it yet. 
I think the ladies forgave me as I am so young. 
Mamma is so tiresome. When we were children, every 
Saturday night we had to take a powder and in the 
morning a black draught — always administered by 
mamma in person. She really forgets I am no longer a 
child; it is all very well for Frances and Albert. I had 
a bad headache for several days, and asked mamma's 
maid to give me a powder. To my horror, at 6 o'clock 
this morning (without knocking) in walked mamma with 
a black draught in her hand and a frilled nightcap on 
her head. No use resisting; but as she left the room I 
said, " Merci, Madame V Ambassadrice" I don't think 
she quite liked the tone I said it in. . . . 

98 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

TUESDAY 

I am in horrible disgrace. The Russian Ambassador 
gave mamma a beautiful cat. It is always in a large 
basket in her boudoir. Yesterday some people were 
coming to dejeuner. I was early and alone in the boudoir 
where we always assemble when en petite committee. 
Mamma had been sent a quantity of Madonna lilies 
which were in a vase. I do not know what possessed me, 
but I took one up and commenced to "annunciate" 
the cat in solemn tones. I had my back to the door, 
when I suddenly heard my name pronounced — "James," 
but in such a tone as only mamma can say it. I was 
saved for the moment by the Due and Duchesse de 
Clermont-Tonnerre being announced. I hardly dared 
speak at table as I knew I was in disgrace. Dear mamma's 
French is very doubtful, and she never can get a name 
right. There was a pause in the general conversation. 
She turned to the duke and said, "How is Madame de 
Bide," meaning Madame de Bude, the grandmother 
of the duchess. This was really too much for me. I 
exploded, and fortunately choked, and had hurriedly 
to leave the table. When I returned naturally I apolo- 
gized, but I might have fallen into the middle of Stone- 
henge from the expression of their faces. Only dear 
father had a twinkle in his eye. He I know will get me 
out of this scrape. 

Mamma sent for me before supper and I had a mauvais 
quart d'heure. I humbly apologized and was most re- 
pentant. I then threw my arms around her and gave her 
a good hug. She gave me six tracts, one for each day 
of the week; I promised to read them. The funniest 
fact of it is that Mourussa, the cat, gave birth to six 
kittens in the night. I only suggested to father that 
one might be called Annunciata. He did not answer 
but looked out of the window. 

I am very sorry for mamma; I can see she is not 
happy. Father is so occupied that I do not think he 

99 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

notices it. It is hard tor her: she speaks so little French, 
has really no friends whom she cares for, and her position 
is a very difficult one. The Court is so hemmed in by 
etiquette to which she is not accustomed. She does not 
understand the ways of Frenchwomen of the grand 
monde and is continually shocked. Indeed I am not 
surprised the only women she finds anything in common 
with are the ladies of the English Embassy and some 
of the English residents in Paris. There are few Ameri- 
cans, and those that are here are mostly in commerce 
and without education. I went with her two days ago 
to call on a Mrs. P., the wife of a very rich but common 
American. They have recently bought a very fine hotel 
in the Rue de Yarcnnes; they sold all the beautiful old 
furniture and have refurnished it in execrable taste, but 
she is evidently very proud of it and insisted upon showing 
us all the reception-rooms. In one room there was a 
large bronze replica of a statue by "John of Bologna." 
For something to say, I admired it. She folded her 
arms and, with a palpable wink, said, " Bologny done it, 
but 1 am going to have pantaloons made for it when I 
receive." Mamma's face was a study. She relaxed into 
a smile when the poor woman offered her molasses candy 
and dough-nuts, saying she made them herself to remind 
her of home. 

Now that the gaieties are over I am hard at work 
again; the continual writing, copying of documents, 
and so forth is very trying. Father cannot pin the 
Due de Richelieu down to anything definite. 

FEBRUARY 

To father's great delight, Lafayette dined here last week, 
Baron Humboldt, Madame de Stael, Due and Duchesse 
Plaisance, Monsieur la Place, Pozzo di Borgo, and the 
de Broglies. A rather amusing incident. We were all 
assembled in the drawing-room. Monsieur de Lafayette 
had not arrived. Monsieur la Place was talking to me 

100 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

when Lafayette was announced. La Place turned very 
pale. Just as dinner was announced he went up to 
father begging leave to retire, as he had been ill and 
felt very faint. It seems he found it impossible to sit 
at the same table with Lafayette on account of his 
relations to the Bourbons. This amused Madame de 
Stael very much, and I think the dinner was gayer 
without him. Madame Bonaparte has announced her 
arrival from America in May. 

There has not been a lull in the gaieties, which I thought 
were over. Invitations keep pouring in. Mamma only 
accepts those which she is obliged to as it fatigues her so 
much; father the same, so I have to represent the family 
on all occasions. When we are at home en famille, 
which both mamma and father prefer, I find it intolerably 
dull. They both read or write and rarely speak. Frances 
goes to bed very early, so does Albert. Mamma retires 
at 10.30; father sits up nearly all night. About 11 
o'clock I begin to yawn, and off I go, but not to bed; I 
generally do not get home until 3 and 4 in the morning. 
I hate this sort of deception. When I am twenty-one 
I will openly avow my sins. 

Skating all day on the Petit Lac in the Bois de Bologne; 
I enjoy it immensely. It seems so funny, hardly any 
of the French ladies can even stand on their skates. 
The men are really too absurd. 

A few Russians and Poles skate well, but all are very 
cheerful. Large bonfires are lighted on the bank so 
that we can warm ourselves. The Galitzins brought 
some punch and cakes. They allow their daughter to 
skate, so do the Ourousofl's. No French girls, only 
married women. The G.'s sent two beautiful sledges 
that a man can push from behind — one in the shape of 
a springing tiger, and it is lined with tiger-skin and 
cushions of the same. The other, a large swan, is most 
graceful; this is lined with blue velvet. They have only 
just arrived from Russia. We men in turn push the 

101 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

different ladies about on the ice. I don't think I cared 
much about it. The King's coach passed at the very 
fast pace that it is always driven; much to our surprise, 
it returned and stopped for his Majesty to watch us. 
We — of course, the men — uncovered, but he most 
graciously sent one of his gentlemen to say that we were 
not to notice him but go on with our sport, which he 
wished to watch. He stopped quite half an hour. It is 
such a pity that the beautiful Bois de Boulogne has been 
destroyed ! Most of the fine trees have been cut down 
and most of the undergrowth. This was done by the 
soldiers of the Allies. 

I have made some excellent friends of my own age or 
a little older. The Due de Guiche, the son of the Due 
de Gramont, Rochefoucauld, whom I knew when I was 
here in 1815, Balliet La Tour, Puysegur, are my intimates. 
I have tried to make friends with some of the attaches 
of the English Embassy, but I am sorry to say they do 
not seem to care for us but seem to shun us as if we were 
at war. Later others may come with a different spirit, 
as they are often changing. Nobody could be more 
gracious than the Duke of Wellington. Father had met 
him so often at Madame de StaeTs; she has that won- 
derful gift of bringing people together and putting them 
at once at their ease. I had what might have been a 
most unpleasant adventure last evening. I had noticed 
several times a very pretty what I thought was a grisette 
in the gardens of the Palais Royal. She didn't seem 
to mind my rather bold way of staring at her — in fact, 
she smiled. As I am always ready for adventure, I wrote 
on a bit of paper asking for a rendezvous. I dropped it 
just as she was approaching me. I saw her pick it up. 
She did not look at me, but shortly after a man, raising 
his hat, handed me a note, only a few words, making 
an appointment at a house in the Rue St. Honore for 
10.30 in the evening. Naturally I was there. An old 
woman met me at the door. Putting her finger to her 

102 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

lips and bidding me to follow her, she mounted to the 
second floor. Letting us in with a key, I found myself 
in a most beautiful apartment. She threw open the 
door, and to my amazement there was my grisette with 
a child of about two years on her lap and one a year or 
so older standing by her side. All were beautifully 
dressed, and sitting by a little table was a man. He 
rose, and with a bow said, "Monsieur, you are most 
welcome to our humble home. My wife has kept the 
children out of bed expressly for you to see them." 
Imagine my deep mortification. She is Mademoiselle 

R of the Theatre Francais. It was a lesson I will 

not forget and which I richly deserved. They both 
begged me to honour them with a visit at any time. She 
knew perfectly well who I was. I will certainly not 
forget them. We are getting very near Lent now, when, 
of course, we will be very quiet. I love the spring in 
Paris — the Champs Elysees is so beautiful with the trees 
and brilliant sunshine. I have been fencing a great 
deal lately, not that I anticipate a duel; in fact, I would 
not be allowed to fight on account of father's position — 
not that I want to in the least, but I think fencing gives 
great ease, grace, and balance. I took the children on 
Sunday to Versailles. The great fountains played. I 
took Frances to see them; they are a wonderful sight. 
Of course, mamma would not go, as it was Sunday. We 
lost Albert and did not find him for several hours. When 
he appeared he had his hat covered with insects and 
butterflies on pins that he had caught. I made him 
throw them all away. He is really incorrigible; he 
ought to be sent to a boarding-school or college. 

MARCH 1817 

Now that Lent has come we have much more leisure, 
no Court entertainments of any kind. Father has received 
an intimation that he will be required to go to the 
Netherlands in July to help Mr. Eustace in his negotiations 

103 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

re indemnity, &c. &c. He does not care much about 
going but never shirks his duty. I will go with him. 
Madame de Stael is very ill. She sent for father to-day 
and had a long conference with him, principally about 
her property. He had advised her to place all her 
monetary affairs in the hands of Monsieur Rothschild 
of London. She did not take his advice at the time 
and now repents it. It seems she is much troubled 
about what she should do for Mr. Rocca (her husband). 
Her great love for her daughter is overwhelming; she 
wants to leave her the bulk of her property. At one 
moment — strong woman as she is — she talks of approach- 
ing death; the next moment of the house she has taken 
and the entertainments she intends to give. Madame 
Recamier has a beautiful hotel in the Rue de {illegible). 
She receives on Thursday evenings, always reclining on 
a chaise-longue. She is certainly very brilliant and witty. 
She does not like Madame de Boigne and calls her une 
pretentieuse. She says, "Madame de B. only' acknowl- 
edges two families, that of the Bon Dieu and the 
Osmonds." 

I think I have forgotten to mention the attempt on 
the life of the Duke of Wellington. As he was driving 
home in the Champs Elysees a shot was fired, but for- 
tunately missed him — in fact, the bullet has not been 
found. Some malicious people say he had the shot fired 
himself. Naturally he has lots of enemies. So great 
a man as he is can brush such insinuations aside without 
giving them a thought. He certainly is the most impor- 
tant personage in France at present, and if anything 
happened to him it would be a dire calamity. Indeed, 
it is very odd how persistently rude the Royal Family 
are to him. He never shows the slightest displeasure 
and is always dignified and courtesy itself. Father has 
the greatest admiration for him, and believes him to be 
a born diplomatist as well as a great soldier and leader 
of men. 

104 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

I have just heard that a man called Cantillon has been 
arrested. They say he is but a man of straw and that 
his arrest was made to appease the English and that he 
will never be tried. The extraordinary thing is that, 
with the exception of the Due de Berri, not one of the 
Royal Family expressed the slightest sympathy or con- 
gratulated the Duke on his escape. 

MARCH 26 

The Chamber closed to-day. I am getting a little tired 
of Lent, mamma will keep it so strictly. I see at times 
it rather annoys father, but he does not say anything. 
I can never quite make out what his ideas are on religion. 
He is a Calvinist and was brought up when a child by 
Mile Pictet very strictly. I think Voltaire and his ideas 
greatly influenced him. I do not care what his religion 
is, nobody could be better than he is. Always so gentle, 
smoothing over everything and keeping peace, thoughtful 
for everybody, even for the servants — could there be a 
better man? I only wish I could approach him in any 
way. Mamma was a Miss Nicholson; I must have some 
of the "Old Nick" in me from that side of the family. 

MARCH 29 

Father to-day told me if I could find an agreeable travel- 
ling companion that he would give me the money to go 
to Bourg to see Jacques Cceur's house, which is so beau- 
tiful. I fear my travelling companion must be of the 
male sex, although father did not stipulate this. It is 
rather a long journey, quite three days to get there. 
I was showing Frances to-day how I could tame her 
canary. I drew a chalk-line on the table, caught the 
little bird, and laid him on his back on the line. He 
remained perfectly quiet. Frances was delighted. She 
put out her hand to take him up. The poor little thing did 
not move — he was dead. I was so sorry. Poor Frances 
cried bitterly. I went out at once and bought her 
another, but she is not comforted. 

105 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

APRIL 15 

I dined with father at the Duke of Wellington's yester- 
day. Great magnificence, the plate gold. It is the 
Royal plate sent from England for his use. Shoals of 
powdered lackeys in the Wellington liveries, eight gold 
candelabra on the table. In the centre of the table a 
huge gold basin filled with flowers. All the service silver 
with the sweets and dessert, and then all was gold. 
Prince Talleyrand was present, the Due de Rohan, 
Duchesse de Courlande (niece of Talleyrand, who seems 
devoted to him), Due and Duchesse de Duras, the Galit- 
zins, Caumont la Forces, de Broglies, Comte and Comtesse 
D'Orsay, Due and Duchesse de Grammont, Comtesse de 
Boigne and her brother Osmond, the English Ambassador, 
Chevalier Stuart, Baron Vincent (Austria), the Due and 
Duchesse de Fernan-Nunez (Spain), Baron Fagel (Pays 
Bas), Comte and Comtesse Soltz (Prussia), Pozzo di Borgo 
(Russia), Marquis Alfieri (Sardinia), Prince Castelcicala 
(Deux Siciles), Comte and Comtesse de Gallatin (Wiirtem- 
berg), and a host of others. The Duke was in fine spirits 
and received congratulations on all sides. 

APRIL 

At last the Orleans family have been granted permission 
to return to France. They are installed at the Palais 
Royal. They were not well received by the King; in 
fact, the only members of the Royal Family who greeted 
them cordially were the Due and Duchesse de Berri. 
I went officially with father to the Palais Royal after 
he had requested an audience. We were received in 
the simplest manner possible. They seem like any 
ordinary bourgeois family. The Duke* is short, marked 

* Louis Philippe d'Orleans, Due d'Orleans, born September G, 1773, 
reigned as Louis Philippe I, died in England (to which country he fled 
in 1848) August 26, 1S50. He was the son of Philippe Egalite, Due 
d'Orleans, who voted for the death of Louis XVI. 

106 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

Bourbon features, decidedly common-looking. The 
Duchess is not pretty but most gracious and charming, 
Mademoiselle as well. We stopped quite half an hour, 
his Highness asking many questions about America, of 
which he seems to have great knowledge. He spoke of 
Monsieur de Lafayette and was au courant with father's 
intimacy with him. Driving home, father, who rarely 
expresses any opinion about people, said, "That man is 
an intriguer; I would not trust him." We had seen 
and been presented to him in England three years ago. 
A Court reception to-morrow. 

I had rather an unfortunate adventure some few nights 
since, but it I hope will never get to father's ears. After 
going to the opera, a charming little danseuse, whose 
acquaintance I had only just made, asked me if I would 
sup with her at her apartment. Much to my surprise 
I found the greatest luxury — some personage evidently 
in the background. A round table with converts for 
two. We had just commenced to sup when I heard a 
noise in the antechamber. My charmer exclaimed, 
" Mon Dieu, je suis perdue, cachez-vous." I rushed behind 
a curtain. The door opened, and to my dismay I 
recognized the voice of the Due de Berri. He said, 
"So mademoiselle has an amant." Clare tremblingly 
answered, " Non, Monseigneur, it was only mamma who 
I was giving a little supper to as you did not arrive." 
He asked, "What has become of her?" "She has gone, 
Monseigneur, as she was not properly dressed to receive 
your Highness." By bad luck I had left my hat on 
a chair. The Duke picked it up and said with a laugh, 
"So, madame, noire mere wears a man's hat, which 
she has forgotten." I felt it was time for me to discover 
myself, no matter what the consequences might be. I 
stepped out from behind the curtain, saying, "Mon- 
seigneur, it is my hat; I am mademoiselle's mother." 
He broke into fits of laughter, poor Clare into tears. He 
laughed so heartily that I could not help joining him; 

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1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

he then became serious and in the kindest manner said, 
"Young man, you have acted in a most honourable 
manner not to play eavesdropper. Tout est pardonne. 
Let us sup together." Clare rang and ordered another 
convert to be laid, and we had a most cheerful supper. 
When he rose to leave he begged me to accompany him, 
which, of course, I did. Going down the stairs he took 
me by the arm and said most kindly, "I am really the 
one to blame; here we have met as Mr. Smith and 
Mr. Jones," adding, "in fact, you have unknowingly 
done me a great favour, as I was most anxious to get rid 
of Mile Clare; you have given me the opportunity. I 
am your debtor, but do not forget I am Mr. Smith." 
He always speaks English to me, even at Court. 
I have not seen Clare again and do not intend doing 
so. I met the Due yesterday. He burst out laughing 
and said, with a twinkle in his eye, " Have you seen your 
friend, Mr. Jones, lately? Mr. Smith, I hear, has gone 
back to England." 

The Prince de Conde is very ill. His son, the Due 
de Bourbon, it seems, leads the most extraordinary life — 
only cares for people of the lower classes, shows himself 
in public with the commonest of drabs, hates royalty, 
and is unfit for decent society. 

PARIS 

Much to my delight, Lord Huntly (now Duke of Gordon) 
called to-day. He is very old but looks wonderfully 
well. He said, "You look a man now; when I last saw 
you you were a child." He is a very great favourite at 
Court. Father went again to-day to see Madame de Stael. 
He came back very depressed, as he fears she will not 
last long. She was very excited, talking about Jacques 
Coeur, from whom she is descended through the Gallatins. 
Cceur was certainly an extraordinary man. I never 
heard that any of our family benefited by his fortune. 
I intend some day going to Bourges to see his palace, 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

which they say is the finest Renaissance palace in exist- 
ence. If Jeanne d'Arc had not had those absurd visions 
we might be rich. Madame de Stael says that both she 
and father get their brains from Coeur; they certainly 
got nothing else. Father does not inherit the latter's 
love of show. I really believe he would be perfectly 
happy in one room with any amount of strong segars 
and a few clever men to discuss abstruse questions with. 
I am glad to say he has a certain amount of pride, which 
makes him live in a proper style, which his present 
position demands. 

JULY 

Father was sent for this morning as Madame de Stael 
is worse. He is much distressed, as he has the most 
profound admiration for her. 

JULY 18 

Madame de Stael died yesterday. She is to be buried 
at Coppet; so, at least, is the present intention. We are 
obliged to leave for Brussels to-morrow, greatly to father's 
regret, as he would have liked to have paid his last 
respects to her by going to Coppet for the funeral. He 
considers her loss a public one, that she was a great 
power and that she had more influence on public opinion 
than any other person excepting the actual Ministers in 
office. Her mind, instead of diminishing with years, 
improved, and she became more and more brilliant. The 
Duchesse de Broglie is inconsolable. 
I saw Auguste de Stael this morning. 
Arrived yesterday in Brussels. Are not well lodged 
in the Rue de la Loi. Father wishes to confer with 
Baron Fagel. After a week of idleness the King has 
decided that the negotiations must be held at the Hague. 
After all, we need not have come here until much later. 
We are stopping here for several weeks before going to 

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the Hague. It is extremely dull; everybody out of 
town, houses shut up, very hot, and absolutely nothing 
for me to do. Father has given me permission to go to 
Ostend for some bathing, which I certainly will take 
advantage of. 

JULY 29: OSTEND 

Arrived here to-day, a lovely place in the Dunes. I am 
at a very comfortable hostelry, the Hotel d'Allemagne. 
The bathing splendid. Full of all the bourgeoisie from 
Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, &c. &c. Very amusing watch- 
ing the pacquets coming from England. The people of 
the place rough Flemish — loud, coarse voices but good- 
natured and healthy. Fishing is the chief industry. 

AUGUST 3 

I went to Bruges yesterday and stopped the night — such 
an interesting place but falling into decay. Wonderful 
buildings and a beautiful cathedral with such a sweet 
chime of bells. I have made friends with a nice English- 
man, a Mr. Marchmont, who went with me. It is sad 
to see a place once so opulent and of such importance 
practically finished. It has played in the past such an 
important part in history. Ostend interests me on 
account of the siege. One of our ancestors was killed 
there. In the "Etrennes de la Noblesse," which is the 
peerage of France before the Revolution, volume 1778, 
is the following anecdote historique: 

"Francois de Gallatin jut blesse mortelment au siege 
d'Ostende — a Vattaque du chemin convert oil il avoit com- 
battu avec la plus grande valeur, a la fete des trois compagnies 
de Grenadiers du Regiment de la Cour-au-Chantre, qu'il 
commandoit, et qui y furent ecrases — on lui coupa la cuisse 
— quelques instants avant sa mort on lui demanda ses 
dernier s volontes pour son fils, encore enfant: 'Qu'il 
suive mon exemple,' repondit il." 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

Father has written to me to join him at the Hague on 
August 15, so I will stop here until then. I forgot to 
mention that when I was at Brussels I visited the plains 
of Waterloo. I shut my eyes and tried to picture the 
whole scene of the battle. I cannot but feel pity for 
the Emperor — to have risen to the great heights that he 
did and now a prisoner at such a horrible place as St. 
Helena. He was a very great man and he rose alone 
without any help. He, I am certain, had great magnetic 
force. I think his family were a great drag on him. His 
brothers, with one exception, were full of greed. 
My friend Marchmont has not turned out quite as 
nice as I thought he was. He asked me yesterday if I 
would lend him one hundred francs, saying he was 
expecting money from England. He did not turn up 
at dejeuner this morning, and when I asked for him mine 
host with surprise said, "Did not monsieur know that 
Monsieur Marchmont left by the packet this morning 
for England?" With this he handed me a letter — 
it was only a few lines — which showed me what a dupe 
I had been: "Young man, never lend money to a 
stranger in a foreign country," signed "Marchmont." 
I hope some day to meet my fine gentleman. 



AUGUST 15: THE HAGUE 

Arrived here last night, but father will not arrive until 
to-morrow. We are lodged in a very nice house which 
adjoins one occupied by Mr. Eustace.* We are to eat 
with him. Lucien is with me. If Brussels was dull, 
what is this place? It is absolutely dead. Very clean 
outwardly, but they tell me the people are dirty and that 
it is all outward show, that the interiors of the houses 
are very untidy — not a bath in any of the houses and 
no public baths like in Paris. 

* American minister at The Hague. 
Ill 



1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

AUGUST 20 

Very little work to do at present. I had to confess to 

father how I had been duped at Ostend. He said he 

hoped it was a lesson to me, but at once handed me five 

napoleons. 

AUGUST 28: THE HAGUE 

A charming surprise. A Baron Constant Rebecque 
whose mother was born Gallatin, called to see father. 
They have a beautiful place in the country. He invited 
us to stop with him. Father cannot leave but accepted 
for me. I go there to-morrow. 

SEPTEMBER 2 

I came back from the Rebecque's this morning. It is a 
lovely place. I was sorry it was not the tulip season as 
they have many of them. We shot some hares and foxes; 
the latter, it seems, do a lot of damage. What would 
they say to this in England, where a fox is sacred ? 
I must say the Dutch nobility are delightful, so simple and 
cordial. I felt at home at once. Madame de Rebecque 
was so pleased to see anybody of her name. She said 
if father could not spare the time to go and see her she 
would go to the Hague to see him. I find all what we 
call "hot cakes" in America are of Dutch origin. We 
have "waffles" and "griddle cakes" every day for 
breakfast. Dutch girls are not pretty. They say they 
make good wives. I am not surprised as they cannot 
have any other temptations. Two, Mile von Briennen 
and Mile Bentinck, all round and fat. 

THE HAGUE 

Hard work now. It seems they laugh at the idea of an 
indemnity, which annoys father very much. He feels 
his mission is quite useless. We will soon go back to 
Paris. I am delighted, as it is not gay here. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 
SEPTEMBER 

We leave on the 22nd. First pay a visit to the Rebecques. 
Father is the most extraordinary person. After all his 
trouble coming here, he has only asked for his actual 
out-of-pocket expenses. Mr. Eustace says it is quite 
absurd. He cares less for money than anybody I have 
ever heard of. I only discovered a short time since that 
he had paid all his grandmother's debts in Geneva. She 
was a most reckless and extravagant person, and certainly 
did not consider him in any way. 

SEPTEMBER 30: PARIS 

Back again in Paris. Mamma and the children are at 
Fontainebleau. We join them in a few days. Mr. 
Sheldon must have a holiday, so our stay in the country 
will be very short. Rumours of a change of Government. 
The Duke Decazes* is spoken of. They say Monsieur is 
intriguing against the King. 

OCTOBER 

Fontainebleau is deadly dull — nothing to do but ride in 
the forest. Of course, it is very beautiful, but I soon tire 
of it as I ride alone. The Chasse will soon begin, I 
am glad to say. We have a very comfortable house on 
the outskirts of the town quite close to the forest. 

OCTOBER 12 

The Marquis de Breteuil sent me an invitation to hunt 
with him. I have just come back. It was a chasse au 
sanglier. The wild boars abound in the forest and at 
times are very dangerous. It was all very new to me 
and struck me as rather theatrical. The boarhounds 
were very fine, a large pack — the huntsmen, &c, all 

* Monsieur Elie Decazes, born September 28, 1780, died 1860. 
After the assassination of the Due de Berri in 1820 he was created 
due and given the English Embassy; was a great favorite of Louis 
XVIII. 

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1817] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

in the King's livery. Huge cors de chasse, which they 
put their heads through as one does through a life-pre- 
server; at every opportunity possible they blow blasts 
on these latter. When a poor "piggy" was killed his 
dying moments were cheered by a lively tune played on 
at least six of the horns; still it is an amusement for me. 
There were several ladies of Court in the Royal Costume at 
the Chasse, which really made a beautiful scene. I expected 
every moment to see the curtain come down as it does 
at the play. I believe in the time of Louis XIV they 
followed the hunt in huge gilt and painted coaches. 

NOVEMBER 6 

We stopped until the end of October at Fontainebleau 
and are now again installed in the Rue de l'Universite. 
Paris is very gay. I love the boulevards — so gay and 
everybody seems so cheerful. What a light-hearted 
people the French are. I am glad to say mamma seems 
a little happier. I am sure she will end by liking Paris. 

NOVEMBER 9 

We have had a sheaf of dispatches from home, which 
I have to go through and copy. No wonder my hand- 
writing is becoming illegible, my fingers are so cramped. 
The Caumont la Forces have a large supper to-night to 
which we are bidden. It has been so dull and cold all 
day, I think we are going to have a downfall of snoW. 

NOVEMBER 10 

We could hardly get home from the la Forces last night. 
It had rained a little and then came a frost making the 
streets like glass; in fact, they call it ver glas. The 
coachman and footman had to get down and lead the 
horses. I did also, and could hardly keep my own footing. 
Fortunately, the horses had been roughed. We were 
quite two hours doing a journey which ordinarily takes 
less than half an hour. Father has sent to Geneva for a 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

fine gold watch for me for my Christmas present. He 
certainly spoils me. 

I often wonder if anybody got hold of my diary after 
I am dead what an ass they would think me. I will leave 
strict instructions to burn it. Frances and I are both 
learning a new dance, the " Schottische." It is very pretty 
and quite the fashionable rage. 

NOVEMBER 20 

I was presented to a Madame Chapelle last night at the 
opera. She is a daughter of the Regent Orleans and 
Madame de Genlis. She is not pretty but has great charm 
of manner — a grande dame. She has asked me to call 
on her. She receives on Friday evening. They say all 
Paris goes to her. Mamma allowed me to take Frances 
for a walk on the boulevard yesterday. She is so young 
it does not make any matter; were she eighteen it would 
be impossible. Fancy the customs of different countries. 
Here we are hemmed in by Etiquette. I have a bad 
toothache and am going to bed. 

NOVEMBER 21 

I waked this morning and my right cheek felt as if it 
were going to burst. I got up and looked in the mirror. 
Horrors, I did not recognize myself ! I cannot see my 
right eye and my cheek is like an apple-dumpling. I am 
going to send for some leeches. I sent Lucien for my 
breakfast. Of course mamma thought I was ill and 
arrived with her medicine-chest. She said in any case 
a powder would do me good. I put my foot down firmly 
and said I would not take one. She left the room saying, 
"It is all biliousness." As if a swollen face was bile! 
She does annoy me. She even asked me what I had 
been eating. 

NOVEMBER 25 

My face quite normal again and I went out to-day. It 
was very cold, so I thought it best to go quietly and see 

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Mile Laflage of the opera. She had a great wood-fire, 
and I showed her how to make toast as we do in America. 
I did not go home until she had to go to the opera. She 
is in the ballet and did not have to leave until 8 
o'clock. I got home in time for supper, found the kitchen 
chimney on fire, a great crowd, and a "file" passing 
buckets all the way from the Seine up one side and down 
the other. It was soon put out. Very little damage done 
but all the supper ruined. We had to make the best 
of it, and ate cake and bread and milk. 

DECEMBER 1 

Already preparations are being made for Christmas. We 
are going to have a Christmas party. I proposed bobbing 
for apples and snap-dragon. For once my family 
approved of my idea. We are going to have a very 
young party for Frances. Mamma enjoys arranging 
this sort of thing. I am trying to think of something 
new to amuse them. I proposed kiss-in-the-ring and hunt- 
the-slipper. Mamma vetoed both as improper — so voila. 

DECEMBER 8 

Last night a splendid ball at Court. Mamma was very 
fine: all Madame de Gallatin-Vaudenet's jewels — which 
were all poor father inherited from her; in fact, he had 
voluntarily paid all her immense debts — also some fine 
lace. Mamma's train was purple velvet with white lace. 
The diamonds are all mounted in Louis XV settings. 
One huge aigrette with briolet diamonds in her turban, 
which was of gold tissue. On her forehead a ferronniere 
of diamonds — beautiful brooches. Her dress was gold 
and purple striped tissue. The Landgrave of Hesse 
Cassel gave Madame Gallatin-Vaudenet most of the 
jewels. 

The Duchesse d'Angouleme was regal in white with 
a train entirely of ermine. She was absolutely covered 
with jewels — pearls and diamonds. She is the most 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1817 

royal-looking personage one can possibly imagine. It 
was dreadfully crowded. All was over at midnight. 

DECEMBER 12 

I have decided on my surprise for our Christmas party. 
I am having a huge imitation plum-pudding made of 
cardboard. It is large enough to hold a little girl of ten 
dressed as a fairy. She will distribute flowers and 
sweeties. Each package is to have a small flag on it; 
the flags are to be of all nations. 

DECEMBER 15 

Nothing but balls every night. I am quite worn out. 
Fortunately there is hardly any work to be done for 
father, or I would have to go to bed early. 

DECEMBER 24 

All is now ready for our Christmas party. The ball- 
room looks very nice, and I keep even the stable men 
frotteing to get the floor in fine condition. Supper 
is to be before we dance and play our jeux d 'innocence. 
Frances is so excited, we will not let her see anything of 
our preparation. I tell her unless she keeps quiet she 
will have a red nose. 

DECEMBER 26 

Everything went off capitally. After supper, which 
was 8 o'clock, we started our game. Snap-dragon, a 
novelty, was a great success. We were allowed to play 
kiss-in-the-ring, suppressing the kiss; it was like 
"Hamlet" minus the Prince of Denmark. Of course, it 
was mamma. My plum-pudding was even a surprise to 
mamma. At 11 o'clock I had a great bell rung. In 
marched four footmen carrying the pudding on high. 
I took a great knife as if to cut it, and, pulling a string 
at the same time, it fell open. The little fairy was so 
dainty. I had her taught some verses called "Noel," 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

which she declaimed as only a child can. After the 
little packages were distributed, we danced a conlre- 
danse. The young girls were all so pretty I wanted to 
kiss them all. The poor little child who was in the 
plum-pudding burst into tears and would not be com- 
forted. She wanted her mother, who is only a dresser 
at the opera, and who was to call for her at midnight, 
not being able to leave her work before then. Mamma 
took her on her lap and comforted her until she fell 
asleep from sheer exhaustion. When her mother did 
arrive, father, with his usual kindness, sent her home in 
a coach which he had ordered. All the young people 
loaded her with bon-bons, &c. I gave her a great big 
doll which I had bought for the purpose. She will be 
happy when she wakes to-morrow morning. 

JANUARY 1, 1818: NEW YEAR'S DAY 

After we had all drunk each other's health in egg nog 
I went out to commence the New Year — I fear badly. 
I don't think I'll record in my diary where I went. 



JANUARY 

A delightful dinner and sauterie at the Pictet de 
Rochment's. He is the Bavarian charge d'affaires and 
a connexion of father's. Mile Pictet, who brought 
father up in his early days, was his aunt. Pozzo di Borgo, 
Comte and Comtesse de Grotz (Hanover), Marquis and 
Marquise Alfieri (a descendant of the great Italian poet — 
he represents Sardinia here), Count and Countess Goltz 
(he represents Prussia), and the Chevalier Stuart, as 
they call him here, the English Ambassador — in fact, 
quite a diplomatic gathering. For the sauterie, Comte and 
Comtesse de Gallatin, who brought their two daughters, 
the Prince and Princesse Castelcicala (Deux Siceles), the 
Baillet-Latours, Comte and Comtesse Caumont la Force, 
the Galitzins. and many others. There was a pavane 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

dance by six young men and six ladies, a contre-danse 
and several "minuets," then a "Roger de Coverley" 
proposed by the English Ambassadress; but few knew 
the dance, but on once seeing the four first couples they 
quickly acquired it and acquitted themselves very well 
amongst much laughter. When there is a gathering 
of young people of this kind it is much gayer. Even 
father, Pozzo di Borgo, and the Chevalier Stuart joined 
in the dance. I had for partner Katinka Galitzin. My 
newly acquired "pigeon's wings" were much applauded. 
We supped at midnight. Mamma slept in the coach 
going home. 

JANUARY 6 

Splendid skating on the petit lac, which was reserved. 
I got home just in time to dress to go to a twelfth-night 
party at Comtesse de Gallatin's. After cutting the 
gateau du roi, Puysegur drew the bean in his bit and 
Mile Caumont la Force found the other one. They 
were duly clothed in red velvet mantles trimmed with 
ermine, gold paper crowns on their heads, and they 
were the reigning king and queen for the evening. It 
was put to the vote for the Court places. I was voted 
to be the Court fool and wore a fool's cap. As I con- 
sidered it an insult, I determined to fool to my heart's 
content. After the king and queen had been escorted 
in state to their throne the revels commenced. Minuets, 
pavanes, mazurkas, were danced in rapid succession. 
Supper was announced at 11 o'clock. I slipped out 
unobserved, got hold of one of the footmen (whose palm 
I greased), and got him to get me a large foot-tub full 
of warm water; this I had placed facing the throne. 
I enlisted the aid of two of my cronies, placed a chair on 
either side of the tub, covering the whole with a quilt 
which I got my footman to procure for me. Seating my 
friends, one on one side and one on the other, I told 
them that sudden death would overtake them if they 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

dared to move. I returned to the supper-room looking 
perfectly innocent. We then escorted the king and queen 
back to their respective thrones. I craved their majesty's 
permission to try a rebel for lese majeste. They at 
once granted my fool's request. I then told the trumpeter 
to sound three times, and the herald to call upon Monsieur 
d'Osmond* to appear before their majesties to be tried 
and sentenced. Osmond is full of his own importance. 
He approached, and was told by me to seat himself 
between the two guards. I had told them the moment 
he did so to at once rise; this they did, and plump went 
Osmond into the bath. It really succeeded better 
than I had anticipated. He did not at first realize he 
was sitting in the water, but when he did he tried to 
get out of the tub, making an awful splashing; I never 
heard so much laughter. Poor Osmond stood dripping, 
a sorry figure and raging; the more he raged, the more 
we all laughed. When early in the evening I was voted 
to be the fool, he had said in his horrid sarcastic way, 
"That role exactly fits you." I could not refrain from 
going up to him and saying, " You now have a role that 
fits you like a bathing-dress." You see, on the Jour 
des Rois nobody must lose their temper, so he had to 
grin and bear it. He went in the kitchen to be dried 
but did not appear again. My cousin, Count Gallatin, 
tried to look serious and, taking me by the ear, repri- 
manded me, saying, "That was quite sufficient to cause 
war between France and America." I answered, "For 
the evening I am a fool, and it was a fool's prank." 
Anyhow, no more was said about it, and I think all 
enjoyed the joke. 

JANUARY 9 

We had a very large supper-party last night, but extremely 
dull. It may have been very intellectual, it undoubtedly 

* Monsieur d'Osmond, son of the Marquis d'Osmond and brother 
of the Comtesse de Boigne. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

was, but my intellect was not sufficiently cultivated to 
appreciate it; but I saw how happy father was and that 
quite resigned me to my fate. Poor mamma did not 
understand a word of the general conversation, but kept 
nodding her head and smiling in the most intelligent 
manner until I feared the feathers would fall out of her 
turban. Monsieur de Lafayette gave a long harangue 
on the subject of liberty. I think father was a little 
uneasy, as it does not do for people to express their 
opinion too openly at an embassy. Pozzo only laughed 
at the whole thing. Our silver, which was the service 
of poor General Moreau, made a very fine show. Mamma 
has great taste — the flowers and fruit on the table were 
beautifully arranged. Madame Recamier recited some 
poems in the most affected and stilted style. I really 
think she humbugs herself; she loves to hear the sound 
of her own voice. Count D'Orsay was the only amusing 
person. He made a violent speech on the political 
questions of the day, without head or tail, beginning or 
end; I rather loved him for it. After all the guests had 
retired I was off to a bal masque at the opera — had lots 
of adventures, made at least a dozen rendezvous, and 
by now have forgotten both places and names. Telle est 
la vie. 

FEBRUARY 3 

A great sensation has been produced by the appearance 
of a pamphlet printed in London and called "The 
Manuscript of St. Helena." It is supposed to have been 
written by the Emperor himself. It is read in all the 
great salons, and many say they recognize the style of 
the Emperor. Monsieur Naville (father's cousin) brought 
it to him yesterday from the author, who is Monsieur 
Lullin de Chateauvieux, also a cousin and a Genevan. 
We are all sworn to secrecy. This makes it most amusing 
for me, as I hear of nothing else in all the salons I frequent 
and often have a good laugh to myself. A most extraor- 

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dinary person who I must here give a place to is the 
Queen of Sweden, wife of Bernadotte. She was a Mile 
Eugenie Desiree Clary.* Her sister Julie married Joseph 
Bonaparte. They were the daughters of a tallow-chandler 
in Marseilles. She has left Sweden as she says the climate 
did not agree with her. Her position here is a curious 
one. A private note was sent to all the ambassadors 
and ministers of foreign Powers not to receive her as 
Queen of Sweden but simply as Madame Bernadotte. 
She is not received officially at Court, but still the King 
receives her as Madame Bernadotte in private. I have 
met her in several different salons — a most common- 
looking person, with a loud voice and coarse manners, 
and dressed in clothes you expect to see a cook wear. 
She has a strong Marseilles accent. When I was pre- 
sented to her she said in horrible French: "Comment, 
vons etes Americain et vous n'etes pas noir. Ma scput 
Julie a ete en Am&rique." She would be better if she 
were black — she has some sort of eruption on her face 
which is not nice to look at. Another extraordinary 
female is the Duchesse de Duras; she is quite as ugly 
as Madame Bernadotte. Since the death of Madame 
de Stael she seems to think the latter's mantle has 
fallen on her shoulders. She apes her as much as she 
dare do. Instead of a small laurel-branch which Madame 
de Stael always carried in her hand and gesticulated with 
(I have mentioned this before), she has long bits of paper 
which she twirls about and tears to pieces; it's most 
amusing to watch her. Her daughter, the Princesse 
de Talmont, a widow, has lately married a Monsieur 
de Rochejacquelin, much against her mother's wishes. 
I fear I am drifting into a serious love affair. At several 
houses I have met a handsome Spanish woman, wife of 

* Eugfinie-Dfoiree Clary, wife of Jean Bernadotte, who was elected 
Prince Royal of Sweden in 1810, succeeded the King Charles XII in 
1818; reigned as Charles XIV. He was never recognized by the King 
of France. 

122 






DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

a Secretary of Embassy; she is several years older than 
I am and does not live happily with her husband. She 
has asked me to meet her at out-of-the-way places; I 
have been weak enough to do so, but I must break it off. 
It would be a serious matter for me and for father's 
position if there were any scandal, particularly in the 
diplomatic circle. 

Serious talk of the resignation of Monsieur de Richelieu; 
father seems worried. Monsieur Decazes is spoken of. 
The King has shown him great favour lately. This 
means that father will have to begin all over again. 
Nothing definite has been settled with Monsieur de 
Richelieu. Our Government is pressing and seems to 
think it is father's fault. 

We are in a very unsettled state on account of the 
approaching change in the Government. So many 
different rumours. General Dessolles spoken of as the 
new leader. Father hardly thinks this possible, but 
believes Monsieur Decazes will certainly (if not actually 
in name) be the leader. Prince Talleyrand is now in 
Paris; he is such an intriguer, so absolutely false, that 
nobody trusts him. I heard a good story about him 
yesterday and his astuteness. When he was in power 
a gentleman, accompanied by a small suite, presented 
himself at his house as the Margrave of C., a German 
princeling. His credentials were all in order, but Talley- 
rand suspected there was something wrong from the 
man's demeanour. Nevertheless, he invited him to 
dinner — putting him, as his rank demanded, on his right 
hand at table. When dinner was at an end and olives 
were passed with the wine, the Margrave took a fork 
to eat his with. At once Talleyrand clapped his hands, 
a prearranged signal, saying in a loud voice, "Arrest 
this impostor. No gentleman eats olives with a fork." 
Several officers disguised as footmen rushed forward and 
seized him. His suite immediately rose and tried to 
escape from the room, but they were also arrested. 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Talleyrand was quite right; he afterwards learned that 
the Margrave of C. had been waylaid on his way to 
Paris, stripped of his elothes, baggage and papers, and 
left with his suite penniless. The fine gentleman and 
his hand took the Margrave's eoach and made use of the 
relays, so arriving in Paris. The poor Margrave wandered 
about for some time, as nobody would believe his story 
and thought he was an impostor. Another story is not 
out of plaee here. One day Talleyrand, who is very mal- 
formed, pointing to a particularly tall and handsome 
footman, said to the lady next to him, "That is the way 
we make them, and this is the way they make us." 
Mamma is in despair, as father hates entertaining. 
He only cares to see his old friends — Lafayette, La Place, 
the Humboldts, Pozzo di Borgo, &c. They continually 
dine and sup with us. I have my own amusements, so 
it does not affect me. I am beginning to find out that 
all the Court and official functions are a great bore; they 
are all the same thing over and over again. The excep- 
tions arc the entertainments at the Ely see and the Palais 
Royale. The Due and Duchesse de Berri are so gay and 
cheerful that they instil life into all. At the Palais 
Royale it is so informal; although very fine entertain- 
ments, one is not hedged in by that eternal etiquette as 
at the Tuileries. The Duke and Duchess d'Angouleme 
are so formal and sad — Monsieur so repellent in his cold, 
stiff way, though they say he can be charming if he 
chooses. The poor old King is far more gracious; he 
really seems to enjoy father's society, and certainly 
shows him great favour. He laughingly said to him the 
other day, "I wish you would give us French lessons 
and we will give you English ones." Poor father's 
French accent is so strong in English. I sincerely believe 
it is one of the reasons he is so disliked in America, and 
it is a great drawback in political life. He is certainly 
in his right place here, but I think he longs for a more 
active life. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 
JULY 

He has accepted a special mission to England; it is a 
very important one. The terms settled at the Treaty 
of Ghent expire in 1819, so all has to be reconsidered 
and settled afresh. He is the only person capable of 
carrying through these negotiations on account of his 
intimate knowledge of all details. Mr. Rush is our 
Minister in England. Father discovered him and had 
him put in his present position. He has most kindly 
extended his hospitality to us. Father has availed 
himself of his kind offer to stop at his house when in 
London. We expect to leave here in July. I fear 
London will be very dull after Paris, but I will have 
plenty of work to do. Father insists upon having a copy 
of every document and prefers me to make them. Albert 
dislikes Paris so much he is to go back to America this 
summer. He only cares about birds, animals, and so 
forth, and likes a wild solitary life. Frances promises 
to be pretty, and I hope she will grow up so and make 
a good marriage either here or in England. Her religion 
will be a great obstacle to her here, and if she changed it 
mamma would promptly give up the ghost. I am quite 
certain she will never be content to live in America, and 
I am sure I won't. 

JULY 24 

To-day we received the faire-part of the Due de Guiche, 
the eldest son of the Due de Gramont, with Mile D'Orsay, 
the daughter of the Count and Countess D'Orsay. Made- 
moiselle is quite lovely and de Guiche is very handsome; 
they will make a brave couple. I have seen a great deal 
of de Guiche but not dans le grand monde. I suppose 
now he will settle down and we will see him no more. 
The contract of the marriage was on the 10th. Very 
beautifully done. Masses of flowers everywhere — from 
the chandelier great wreaths of roses; the wall lights 
were connected by huge garlands of pink roses. Count 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

D'Orsay is famous for his taste. The wedding was in the 
Sainte-Chapelle by special permission of the King. The 
Due and Duchesse de Berri were present and signed the 
register. The corbeille de mariage was superb; there 
were over five hundred presents. I think there is what 
may be called hot blood in the de Gramont family. 
There was a Comte de Guiche in the seventeenth century 
who was a lover of Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of 
Charles I. He was exiled, and on his return compro- 
mised himself with Mile de la Valliere, the King's mistress; 
was exiled a second time. Not bad. The sister of the 
present Due de Grammont married Lord Tankerville. She 
was quite lovely. 



AUGUST: LONDON 

After all, we did not leave Paris until August 10 and 
arrived in London on the 16th. Mr. Rush is most kind; 
he has placed the whole second floor of his house at our 
disposal. Of course London is quite empty and dull. 
I have plenty of work to do. Father has had several 
interviews with Lord Castlereagh, who is most concilia- 
tory, but Mr. Frederic Robinson (now President of the 
Board of Trade) and Mr. Goulburn are the principal 
Commissioners. The former, as always, is delightful, 
and father likes dealing with him. The questions to be 
settled are the Fisheries, the Boundary Question, the 
West India Trade, and the Captured Slaves. Mr. Robin- 
son begs father to put in writing exactly what his demands 
are and his reasons for making them; he thinks this will 
expedite matters. There are daily conferences, and 
from what I can understand an agreement satisfactory 
to all parties will soon be come to. Lord Castlereagh 
is very advanced in his ideas and has no insular prejudices. 
Mr. Robinson the same. Mr. Goulburn is not quite 
as enlightened as they are, but all is very amicable and 
pleasant. 

126 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

SEPTEMBER 10 

I had found it so dull, and not feeling very well, father 
insisted upon sending me to Brighton for two weeks. 
I arrived yesterday, and at once went to the Pavilion 
and paid my respects to the Prince Regent. These 
were father's orders. He is here with some of his dandies 
and his last reigning favourite. I am very comfortably 
lodged not far from the sea, in James Street. The Pavilion 
is a most extraordinary place — Moorish, I think, in 
architecture; all sorts of domes and minarets. There 
is a huge riding-school where the Regent takes exercise 
in bad weather. They say the cost of the building was 
something enormous. I only went into the first hall 
and wrote my name. The decorations are Oriental and 
dazzling, but, although I am informed to the contrary, 
I should not think the remainder of the decorations are 
in good taste. 

SEPTEMBER 12 

Such perfect weather, I feel much better already; the 
heat in London was very great. I had so much writing 
to do that now I want simply to rest. I was out all the 
morning lying on the shingle basking in the sun. Returned 
at 2 o'clock to my dinner. The air here gives me a 
fine appetite, otherwise I should not be able to eat the 
food they give me; it's like all English food, heavy and 
greasy. When will they learn what cooking is? In 
any small inn in France they give you an appetizing meal, 
well seasoned and well served. For instance, for dinner 
to-day I had salt boiled beef with carrots and dumplings; 
the beef was hard, the carrots were harder, and the 
dumplings I could have thrown against the door without 
breaking them; but still I was hungry and managed to 
make a good dinner. This afternoon, when I went for 
a walk I met the Prince Regent driving in a most 
gorgeous chariot; it seemed to me every colour of the 
rainbow. He was accompanied by a lady, but I do not 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

know who she was — in fact, I don't know anybody in 
England. Several gentlemen accompanied him on horse- 
back. The Prince looked very red as if he had been 
drinking; they were all very noisy. Mr. Brummell was 
a great friend of the Prince's; he was called the "mirror 
of fashion," and although of very humble birth, he 
managed to work his way to the higher society, and all 
through his wit and his manner of dressing. He was for 
a long time the arbiter of fashion. They tell me he 
often used to destroy a dozen white neckcloths before he 
tied them to suit him. The Regent used to imitate him 
though he was most insolent; he was known as "Beau 
Brummell." 

SEPTEMBER 15 

Poor Lucien has afforded me great amusement ever 
since he left Paris. I asked him if he was a good sailor. 
"Mais oui, Excellence." Now he had never even seen 
the sea, but I said nothing and awaited events. Full of 
pluck, he marched on board the packet at Boulogne. We 
were barely under way when I lost sight of him. On 
arrival at Dover no Lucien could be found. At last, 
after a search in the forecastle in one of the sailor's bunks, 
there was a helpless and limp mass. He was carried on 
deck, and after having brandy poured down his throat 
began to revive. His first words were: " Est-que je 
suis mort f " But with the wonderful elasticity of the 
French nature, before we got to Sevenoaks he was cheer- 
fully chatting with father's man in the rumble. London 
astonished him; he could not understand the dirty 
streets or the grimy houses. He was comically miserable 
— so homesick that at one time father contemplated 
sending him home, but he would not consent to this, 
saying, "What would monsieur do without him?" He 
certainly is devoted to me. Here at Brighton he is much 
happier. He is a very good-looking lad. Yesterday I 
actually saw him walking arm-in-arm with a very pretty 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

girl. As he cannot speak two words of English, I cannot 
understand how he managed it. Oh, but the language 
of love is not difficult, and I fear he has taken a leaf out 
of his master's book. 

SEPTEMBER 17 

I had a little adventure yesterday which I hope will turn 
out well. Nobody knows me here, so I really don't 
care what I do. I noticed the day after I arrived a very 
pretty woman. There is a certain look that one gives to a 
pretty woman and which I have always found a woman 
understands. The second time I found her walking 
alone she dropped her eyelids, but not till after she had 
had a good look at me. After passing her I turned and 
followed her, dropping my pocket-handkerchief (I always 
carry a lady's handkerchief with me as I have found it 
such a help in making acquaintances). I ran after her 
saying, "Madame, I think this must be yours?" She 
looked at it and said, " Oh, how stupid of me," and with a 
pretty curtsy she quietly put it in her reticule; then she 
said, " I see you are a stranger here." Of course I poured 
out all my woes, telling her I did not know a soul in the 
place. She took compassion on me and has promised 
to meet me to take a little walk to-morrow evening. 

SEPTEMBER 19 

My inamorata is charming, she is married to an old man 
who is in the city in business — she is down here with a 
younger sister, to recoup the latter's health. She has 
promised to meet me to-morrow and to take me home to 
supper — her sister goes to bed at 7 o'clock. 

SEPTEMBER 20 

The worst possible luck — this morning I received a com- 
mand from the Prince Regent to attend a concert at the 
Pavilion to-night — what am I to do ? I do not know 
my fair lady's name or where she is lodged. She will never 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

forgive me — I cannot tell her the real reason of my not 
being able to keep the rendezvous. She thinks I am 
simply a young American travelling for my health. 

SEPTEMBER 21 

A most gorgeous entertainment at the Pavilion; as I 
entered rows of lacqueys in Royal liveries and floured 
heads lined the hall. A most magnificent and impor- 
tant person asked my name with a profound bow — 
he motioned to two lacqueys who threw open the doors and 
I was ushered into a gorgeous saloon. A gentleman ad- 
vanced and said his Royal Highness would receive 
me in a few minutes, which he did. I was escorted to a 
smaller saloon, at the far end of which the Prince was 
half reclining on a divan. He was most gracious and 
inquired kindly about father — he also asked me 
some questions about the Royal Family in Paris, par- 
ticularly about the Due de Berri. While he was talking 
to me the doors were thrown open and several ladies 
and gentlemen came in; the Regent rose and with the aid 
of two sticks and followed by the Court, in which I joined, 
proceeded to the Concert Saloon. He was seated in the 
centre in a large gilt arm-chair with a lady either side of 
him — I was in the second row. I do not know who the 
two gentlemen were who were on either side of me, 
but one knew my name and both of them seeing I was 
young and feeling a little bashful and a little embarrassed 
made themselves most agreeable to me and soon put me 
at my ease. What astonished me very much was when 
any one of the performers, either male or female, did not 
please the Prince he expressed his displeasure in a loud 
voice, much to their mortification — and he is called "The 
First Gentleman in Europe." When the concert was 
over, bowing to us all he retired, with several ladies and 
gentlemen. We were then conducted to the dining-hall, 
which is very fine. A very lavish buffet supper was 
served, a fine display of gold plate — some of the gentle- 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

men were half drunk while they were at the concert 
and when I left after midnight several of them were 
helplessly so, a disgusting sight and one that is never seen 
in France, even in Bohemian society. Some of the 
decorations of the Pavilion are very fine; the chandeliers 
are huge dragons painted in colours and gilded. What 
I liked the best were some beautiful wall-hangings of 
Chinese paper — I have never seen any before like them — 
but the whole effect of the furniture is vulgar, at least to 
my eyes, which are so accustomed to the refined taste 
of the French. Oddly enough I did not see a picture 
of any kind or description. 

SEPTEMBER 22 

I have been walking about all day and cannot find a 
trace of my belle dame. I sincerely regret it as I am 
leaving now in a few days and fear I will never see her 
again. I went to write my name at the Pavilion. Just as I 
was leaving the Prince's curricle drove up; of course I had 
to wait at the door for him to pass — he passed me without 
a sign of recognition — he was very red in the face, and, 
may I only breathe it — I fear he was drunk. They told 
me he had just come from a cock-fight. 

SEPTEMBER 23 

Not a sign of my fair lady — I so deeply regret it, and of 
course as I cannot find her, I want to see her all the more. 
I am leaving the day after to-morrow. Lucien did not 
come home last night, so my landlady informed me; I 
must talk to him. 

SEPTEMBER 24 

Still no sign. It is odd as Brighton is not a large place — it 
does seem odd. I fancied I knew the direction she lived 
in and have been haunting that quarter all the morning. 
We are off to-morrow, in one of the fast coaches — I will 
enjoy the drive. I am certainly feeling much better. 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

SEPTEMBER 26: LONDON 

We had a splendid journey up, racing another coach the 
whole way. I am glad to say we arrived first, the other 
coach had an accident. It's wonderful the rapidity with 
which they change the horses. We came by Cuckfield, 
a lovely English village and the Weald of Sussex — lovely 
views. I thoroughly enjoyed it. Lucien followed with 
my baggage — these fast coaches do not take any. I 
found father as usual, calm and unruffled — he was very 
pleased to see me looking so well. Mr. Rush had a dinner- 
party, but excused me from appearing as I was fatigued. 

SEPTEMBER 28 

To-day I was taken to White's Club and Brook's — I 
had never been into a club before; they say very high 
gambling takes place at night — as I have never touched 
a card in my life it does not interest me. Father has a 
horror of gambling and gamblers. I have been putting 
some papers in order this evening. London is abso- 
lutely empty. Everybody is in the country shooting. 

SEPTEMBER 29 

I went to-day to Chelsea Marshes with Mr. Compton; 
we both took guns but there was nothing to shoot — he 
told me there was very good snipe-shooting later on. 
To-morrow I am going to the Tower of London. We will 
be going back to Paris very shortly — another dinner 
to-night — all men much older than myself. When the 
wine was put on the table I begged to be excused and 
went to bed. 

OCTOBER 1 

Queen Charlotte it is rumoured is very ill — she is suffering 
from dropsy; it seems she has a violent temper and when 
she has an outburst it brings on spasms which they fear 
may cause her death at any moment. The Duchess of 
Cambridge is devoted to her and hardly ever leaves her. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

It is very sad with her poor mad husband. She goes to see 
him every day but he never recognizes her — he always 
thinks he is holding a Court and talks incessantly to 
imaginary people whom he thinks surround him; what 
a living death ! One of the first signs of his coming 
madness was one day a large pasty of blackbirds was 
on the Royal table, covered with a thick crust. When 
it was cut he remarked: "How very extraordinary; 
how on earth did those blackbirds get in that dish?" 
He would not allow it to be served and had some clever 
philosopher sent for to go into the matter. 

OCTOBER 2 

We dined with Lord Castlereagh last night, only men 
again; everything fine — we were over three hours at 
table, the conversation was far above me, although I take 
a great interest in politics. Father thinks this all does 
me good and no doubt he is right. We leave on the 10th. 
I frankly don't like England or English customs and 
manners. 

After many meetings and it seems to me endless dis- 
cussion the result is as follows: — The articles on impress- 
merit ana maritime rights are thrown out, a ten years' 
agreement to cover the Fisheries question, the boundary 
between the Lake and the Rocky Mountains, also the 
joint use of the Columbia River; indemnity for the slave 
owners and the renewal of the commercial treaty of 1815. 
England has been most generous in every way and 
father has done his best to conciliate all — Lord Castle- 
reagh has worked in perfect accord with him. The 
navigation of the Mississippi is settled for ever. With 
regard to the West India trade, Mr. Robinson made 
concessions and father met him half-way. On the minor 
questions in dispute little was settled — Lord Castlereagh 
wisely said, "Time will do much more than we can"; 
in this father absolutely agrees. Since the Treaty of Ghent 
he thinks the American people are a little swelled with 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

pride, which he thinks in time will wear away. We return 
to Paris very shortly. I shall not be sorry, as it has been 
desperately dull and very hard work. 

OCTOBER 10: DOVER 

We left London, I without regret, this morning; we 
hope to cross to-morrow but it is blowing great guns and 
the packet did not leave to-day; the French one did as 
there is a good harbour here. At Boulogne it is some- 
times impossible to land. I feel sorry for poor Lucien, 
he is pea-green in anticipation — I cannot boast much 
myself, but I am getting used to it. 

OCTOBER 11 

Still here on account of stress of weather. It does not 
affect us as we are not in a hurry, as there is nothing for 
us to do in Paris at present. I visited the Dover Castle — 
it is on a very high down above the town. It was very 
interesting — I could hardly keep my feet the wind was 
so violent. 

OCTOBER 12 

We embarked this morning, the wind has moderated 
considerably and the Channel looks quite calm, the sun 
is shining and we can see Cape Gris Nez distinctly — 
Lucien is quite cheerful. 

OCTOBER 14 

We sleep at Amiens to-night. 

OCTOBER 18, 1818: PARIS 

We returned here on the 16th. Mother is still in the 

country but returns shortly. 

OCTOBER 19 

Mamma and Frances returned to-day both looking so 
well. I have for the last few days been visiting all my 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1818 

old haunts to see if they were still there. We will soon 
have to return to fashionable life. The Court has 
returned, and Paris looks very gay. 

OCTOBER 22 

I even love the smell of Paris. I love the smell of the 
fruit and vegetables which the market-women hawk about 
the streets in their push-carts. I love the cry "Oh, les 
belles fraises. Oh ! les raisins, dix sous la livre," and 
later, "Oh! la valence, la belle valence." Dear Albertine 
de Broglie came to see mamma to-day; they have 
bought a beautiful hotel, quite close to us. They have 
a fine boy; she wants us to dine quite en famille on 
Sunday — that is mamma, father, Frances and myself. 
Mamma could not refuse her, but it is the first time she 
has dined out on Sunday since we came to Paris. 

OCTOBER 25 

We had such a pleasant dinner at the de Broglie's. Their 
hotel is really beautiful. He had superb pictures and 
furniture, silver, &c. ; her mother left her all she possibly 
could, so it all makes a fine show. The precious baby 
was brought down before dinner. Of course mamma 
and Frances made a great fuss over it. I am not an 
expert in babies, they always look so crumpled and red 
to me and I never know how to pick them up. We saw a 
fine portrait of de Broglie's father who was guillotined 
in the Revolution. She showed it to us. It is covered 
with a black curtain which she drew aside when he was 
out of the room, as he cannot bear to look at it. This is 
the reason I suppose he is so serious. 

OCTOBER 29 

I am really beginning to vegetate. I will get prematurely 
old, if I go on at this rate. I am going to-night with 
Puysegur to a ball given by a lady of the "other world." 
The Due de Berri protects her and will be there. I have 

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1818] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

just come in from a turn in the Bois de Boulogne where 
I met many friends whom I had not seen since I had re- 
turned from England. The men all wanted to know 
about the English fashions as everything is a VAnglaise 
now in France. Certainly Englishmen are better dressed 
than Frenchmen. I met Count D'Orsay; he is certainly a 
fine figure of a man and carries himself so well. His hand- 
some face is rather spoilt by his teeth, which although 
very white are very much separated, which gives his 
mouth an animal look when he smiles. 

NOVEMBER 

Very cold and in the mornings we have a thick white fog. 
I am fully lance dans h monde again, dancing every 
night. The ball at the Due de Berri's friend was very 
enjoyable, but oddly enough up to a certain point the 
behaviour was even more dignified than dans le vrai 
monde. It was not until after supper and the Due 
had retired that things became rather mixed. I know 
about 3 a.m. I was sitting on the lap of a lady, who dis- 
played ample charms, and she was calling me her " Bebe, 
petit chou," &c. I did not stop there long — I prefer 
lamb to mutton. 

NOVEMBER 1818 

Christmas will soon be here. For the first time we are 

to dine out at the de Broglie's. She made such a 

point of it. We are going to have a New Year's Eve 

party. 



Of course, I am in another scrape — the same old story. 
At Madame Recamier's. She is short, has the most 
beautiful auburn hair, is an Austrian by birth, married 
to a Frenchman. She swears eternal devotion — I do the 
same but do not mean it in the least. It is, I hope, only 
a passing fancy. Her husband neglects her, so she says 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

■ — but will meet him to-morrow as she has bidden me to 
a large dinner-party. We went last night to the opera. 
Mamma took Frances for the first time. She was 
delighted, it was a pleasure to see her so happy. 

NOVEMBER 16 

Some most important dispatches have arrived from 
America which will keep me busy for a long time. Father 
frets a little that he has not more important work to do. 
He is writing on finance, which keeps him very busy. 
We have a dinner to-night, all Americans. Mamma 
is so pleased as she then can join in the general conversa- 
tion. It must be very hard for her when only French is 
spoken. 

DECEMBER 1818 

There is no doubt that the Due de Richelieu will resign. 

He has been attacked in the most unseemly manner by 

the party headed by Monsieur Decazes. The New Cabinet 

has been formed led by Decazes. 

Mamma came back for Christmas from Fontainebleau; 

we were very quiet as one of her sisters has died in America 

— which had placed us in mourning. 

I am sorry to say I cannot get rid of Madame S. She 

will not leave me alone. Something must be done to 

bring about a rupture. The New Year may bring me 

some luck. 

JANUARY 3, 1819 

As everybody does, I have made all sorts of good 
resolutions for 1819. I do not suppose I'll keep one of 
them. The new Government seems very obstinate, re the 
Indemnity claims — always some excuses, something crop- 
ping up to delay the settlement. Poor Monsieur de Riche- 
lieu, the most simple of men, has inspired Madame Berna- 
dotte (the Queen of Sweden) with a violent passion; she 
follows him like a dog, her carriage waits outside his door 
for hours; and the moment he appears from the porte- 

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cocJiere, her coachman whips up his horses and follows. 
Madame de Duras also causes much amusement, she 
cannot conceal her jealousy of Madame Recamier, who 
has stolen M. de Chateaubriand from her. Really these 
old ladies and their love affairs are too funny ! 

JANUARY 10 

There is much scandal about the treatment the Duke of 
Wellington has received at the hands of the Royal Family. 
I wonder he has stood it so long. Monsieur has at times 
been most insolent. Father has decided to go to Geneva 
for three months. He has taken a house called "Bo- 
cage," at Pregny. There is really nothing to keep us in 
Paris. Mr. Sheldon and the staff are quite sufficient. 
We leave on June 1 — Madame S. threatens to follow 
me there; if so, I will drown myself in the lake. Madame 
Bonaparte is in Geneva. I think I will ask her advice 
how I am to get rid of this woman — I must do something. 
The Chamber voted yesterday the grant of an income 
of 50,000 francs a year to the Due de Richelieu — this has 
given great satisfaction in all quarters; he is not a rich 
man and has proved his devotion to his country. Father 
went to congratulate him, I accompanied him. He was 
much pleased, kissing father on both cheeks. They are 
in great sympathy, as both are men of the same calibre: 
simple, honest, without fear of expressing their opinion 
and holding it, if they think they are right. Since I 
have been so continually with father, seeing how he 
attracts people to him — those whose friendship is worth 
having — I believe in magnetic influence, which he strongly 
has. When he shakes your hand you feel a thrill go through 
you. When he looks into your eyes, he seems to absorb 
your soul. The Duke lives in such a simple manner, 
only two footmen in the ante-chamber. The Cabinet 
de Travail he received us in was without a carpet, the 
plainest of chairs and a very long table covered with black 
cloth. A carafe and a carafon of eau de jleurs d'oranger. 

138 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

He never touches wine of any description. He engaged 
father to dine with him sans fagon on February 3, 
to meet some of his (the Duke's) enemies. He said they 
were quite tame. 

FEBRUARY 4 

We dined yesterday with the Due de Richelieu — that is 
father and myself. It was a curious company composed 
of most of his political opponents; as he had said they 
certainly were tame, much too tame for me — I was bored 
and glad to escape. First for a short time to the opera, 
nothing interesting there. I remembered it was Madame 
Recamier's reception evening, so hied myself there. Her 
salon is very beautiful, very classic, but not quite the 
place for me. If I were twenty years older I might take 
a mild dose of that sort of entertainment. I flew when I 
saw the majestic form of Madame de Boigne approaching — 
hid behind a portiere to escape Madame de Duras and fell 
into the arms of Madame S. Of course then I knew 
what was in store for me. Bitter reproaches, why had 
I neglected her who had given her soul for me: I didn't 
want her soul. Well, it ended as it always does; she 
arranged her coach to stop at the corner of the Rue 
Bonaparte, which it did, I got in and accompanied her 
home. Bonsoir. 

FEBRUARY 6 

Father had a fainting seizure this morning which alarmed 
us all very much, as that sort of thing is so unusual with 
him — he enjoys such wonderful health. Mamma would 
burn feathers; Berthal wanted to drop a key down his 
back; this last proposition cured him I think, anyhow 
he sent everybody out of the room except mamma. I 
went for the leech and he was bled. 

FEBRUARY 8 

I am glad to say that father has entirely recovered from 
his indisposition. He thinks it was caused by a very strong 

139 



1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

brand of segars he has smoked lately; he is going to change 
them. He was in one of his happiest moods at dejeuner 
to-day. He said that if anything was calculated to 
bring a person round who had fainted it was Madame 
Berthal. Poor woman, she is not beautiful; she is very 
tall and angular, has a distinct moustache, a very long and 
inquisitive nose, a huge mole on her chin which is full of 
hair — which I am certain she puts in curl-papers at night 
— but a wisp of hair on either side of her head; this is sur- 
mounted by a monumental cap; having nothing to fasten 
it to she balances it as a mountebank does a ball on his 
head at a fair. I always have my hands ready to catch 
it. Still I do not think we could dispense with her services 
— she is invaluable. Lucien told me in confidence that she 
cast her eagle eye on him, but as he did not reciprocate 
she transferred her affection to Albert's black Peter. 
I think this must be true as I certainly did hear a flutter 
and a squeak in the corridor one day. Berthal disappeared 
down one staircase and Peter down the other. Mamma 
thinks her a citadel of virtue, so I have not undeceived 
her. How fortunate we all can find some one to love or 
to love us. What would life be without it? 



FEBRUARY 10 

There is a great scandal about the Orleans family and 
their relationship with the Court. The King snubs the 
Duke publicly on every occasion possible. At some Court 
functions lately he has really refused him his proper 
rights as a Bourbon prince. The Duchesse de Berri was 
enceinte but it came to nothing. After the Due de 
Berri, Orleans is the heir. I can quite understand the 
Duchesse d'Angouleme's dislike for the son of a man who 
voted for her parents' death. Twice lately the Due de 
Berri has invited me to supper. Not at the Elysees — 
ces dames and most cheery they have been. The truth 
is the Court is as dull as can be. Since the death of 

140 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

his father, the Prince de Conde, the Due de Bourbon* 
has come to live in Paris. He retains his old name as he 
says he cannot live up to that of Conde. His whole life 
is a scandal, worse here than in London. 

FEBRUARY 12 

I have neglected to write for two days. It is really so 
difficult to find time. I make up my mind to write every 
night before going to bed, but as lately I have not been 
home until 3 or 4 a.m., it is the next day. This is a 
problem that my brain is too addled to probe. There was 
a grand defile at Court on Sunday; always the same 
thing — very magnificent no doubt to anybody who has 
never seen it, but as we have to stand for such a long time 
it is most fatiguing. I don't see how father bears it. 
Mamma escapes it as she has been excused from attending 
any Court function on account of her religious principles. 
Monday the Carnival commenced; a lot of us made 
egregious apes of ourselves, but it amused us. We had 
pierrot costumes and each one a musical instrument. 
We supped with some of our operatic friends at the Mai- 
son Doree; we did everything that was foolish. Puysegur 
had much too much to drink and would pour all the coffee 
into the piano. We heated francs and sous in the fire 
and threw them out of the window and watched the poor 
devils scramble for them, only to burn their fingers. 
It may have been funny for us, but it was not for them — 
on calm reflection I think it was very cruel. Tuesday 
a small ball at the Palais Royal, which was very amusing. 
A great many English were present, one very handsome 
woman, Lady Westmoreland. f Her husband is in the 
Diplomatic Service. She is a very great friend of the 
Duke of Wellington's, also of Pozzo di Borgo. As there 

* Louis Jean Joseph de Bourbon-Conde, son of the Prince de Conde. 

t Priscilla Ann Willesley Pole, born 1793, Countess of Westmoreland, 
an intimate friend of the Duke of Wellington and Pozzo di Borgo, the 
Russian Ambassador. 

141 



1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

are young people at the Elysee, Frances was allowed to go. 
She enjoyed it immensely. She is so fresh and pretty, 
has a lovely neck and shoulders. I was very proud of 
her. Mamma has great taste and dresses her to perfec- 
tion, but with great simplicity. My diary is really very 
frivolous. I must try to record more interesting matter. 

FEBRUARY 14 

We are now having difficulties with the Spanish-American 
Colonies which are in revolt. Father thinks it of the 
greatest importance that no European Power should 
interfere in the quarrel. He feels he must be continually 
on the alert and keep himself informed on all matters 
concerning the subject. He also feels it of great im- 
portance that the United States should recognize the 
South American Republics. On this subject he has 
sent a private note to all the European Powers to prepare 
them for the action to be taken by his Government so 
that it will not come as a surprise to them. The Congress 
of Aix la Chapelle is now sitting. Its policy with regard 
to the United States is very favourable. Spain finds 
herself isolated by the Powers and is treating with father, 
or at least through him for the sale of Florida. I have 
to give up all gaieties at present as it is a serious matter, 
and all private notes are drafted by me before being 
dispatched to the Secretary of State. Spain has refused 
to ratify the treaty. 

FEBRUARY 15 

There has been a new revolution in Spain and a complete 
change in the Government. They have ratified the 
treaty, much to father's satisfaction. He said to me 
to-day that he felt more contented in doing something 
really of importance, as for some time he had been idling 
his time. Complications have also arisen with regard 
to the Treaty of Commerce with France which has lain 
dormant for some time. Father has now taken up the 

142 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

matter with great vigour. M. Hyde de Neuville is 
the French Minister in Washington and father is in 
close correspondence with him. 

FEBRUARY 16 

As I am now pretty free from work, I have again started 
my vie de polichinelle, as mamma insists on calling 
it. Father always smiles when she says this as her 
pronunciation of the words is so funny. 

FEBRUARY 17 

The last days of the Carnival — a bal-masque at the 
opera to-night. 

FEBRUARY 19 

I have really been too tired even to open my diary. 
I make such good resolutions, but once I get in the swim 
with my friends, off I go, like a champagne cork. I 
love amusing myself. I know very shortly I will have 
to settle down to some steady work. To-night we have ar- 
ranged a very original car for the Carnival. We, the men 
of course, are carefully disguised, for it would never do 
for us to be recognized, particularly in the company 
we so much prefer. I am to be an apple, P. a pear, 
R. a peach, D. a carrot, G. a bunch of grapes, L. a fig. 
The ladies are each a different flower and the car is in the 
shape of a large gilt basket with a high handle hung 
with paper lanterns all in the shapes of fruits and flowers. 
We hope it will be a success. 

FEBRUARY 21 

Indeed we did have a success; we were cheered the whole 
length of the boulevards, but one unfortunate incident. 
Celestine of the honourable corps de ballet in her eager- 
ness fell out of the basket; fortunately she fell on a fat 
woman or she might have been seriously injured. But 
I hold my breath when I recall the scene: she was dressed 

143 



1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

as a poppy, but I suppose by sheer forgetfulness she had 
forgotten to put on anything but the dress; or she may 
have wished it to be very realistic, and as poppies do not 
wear underclothes, she did not. The fat woman was so 
incensed that seizing her opportunity as Celestine was 
completely turned up, began to belabour her with her 
reticule on that portion of the body on which generally 
we receive punishment in our early childhood. We 
dragged poor C. more dead than alive back into the car. 
The reticule was of sharp steel beads. Celestine stood 
up for the remainder of the evening. The usual supper, 
&c. &c. 

FEBRUARY 23 

Ball at the Elysee last night — very brilliant as usual. 
The beautiful Lady Westmoreland came escorted by 
Pozzo di Borgo; she was much admired. The Duchesse 
de Berri was full of animation; she has an unfortunate 
way of moving, which is totally devoid of elegance or 
grace. She is more like a child. She will suddenly run 
up to the Duke and hang on his arm, no matter whom he 
may be in conversation with. The Orleans family is 
in full force, but oddly enough no other members of the 
Royal Family. I think it really made it more informal 
and far more enjoyable. I begged hard for mamma to 
allow Frances to go. I even enlisted father, but he said 
he left such matters to mamma, that they were far too 
grave for him to decide. I know all the same he would have 
wished Frances to enjoy herself. She is really too young. 

MARCH 

Now that Lent is here there will be more rest for me and 
I intend doing some serious reading. I have asked father 
to make a list of books that he thinks will be of benefit 
to me. He had a long letter from Madame Patterson 
Bonaparte to-day. She is in Rome, is evidently very well 

144. 




MADAME PATTERSON BONAPARTE (THREE VIEWS) 
Jiv Gilbert Sti ibt 

Uy kind permission of the Countess Moltke-Huitfetdt, nee Bonaparte 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

received, particularly by all the members of the Bona- 
parte family. In most of her letters is asking his advice 
about investments for her savings. Her one god seems 
to be money. Father has the highest opinion of her 
intelligence — particularly on financial matters — she is so 
shrewd. He often has said had she met the Emperor 
Napoleon, and had joined forces with him, the fate of 
Europe might be quite different from what it is to-day. 
Mamma does not like her, but like the sensible woman 
she is, never commits herself; in fact she always refrains 
from expressing any opinion that may annoy father. 
They really are a model husband and wife. I do not 
see such another happy and contented couple anywhere. 
Among our relatives in Geneva I find them, but their lives 
are so simple, they are so unworldly, living only for 
their families. I suppose it is rather a selfish one, but 
still it has always struck me that it is the right life to 
lead. Moralizing now. Well it is Lent. What could I 
do better? 

MARCH 1819 

So little of interest to record. I have been trying to do 
my duty, and have been taking Frances to see all the 
fine churches, to the Luxembourg and various places 
of interest. I think it as well she should have something 
to talk about when she comes out in the world next 
year. Mamma has no idea of keeping her always at her 
side and not allowing her to talk to young men. It is 
really quite absurd the way French girls are brought up. 
How can they learn anything about the man they are 
to marry if they are never allowed even to see them 
without a duenna is present. Madame de Stael was so 
sensible on this matter. She allowed Albertine at Coppet 
to go for long walks with de Broglie, so that they would 
know each other before marriage. It certainly in this case 
is a success as I have never seen a happier couple in my 
life; they are a model to all young married people. 

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1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

APRIL 

Such lovely weather. The trees are all breaking into 
leaf, all is so fresh. Really I think the spring is the best 
season. It has the same bloom of freshness like a young 
child. I must really marry. I am sick of the thraldom 
of Madame S. I have begun to dislike her. Of course, I 
blame myself, but still she was older than me. I am 
quite sick of this liaison. I have tried to break it on 
several occasions but she makes such scenes, and as I 
am rather weak where women are concerned I always 
give in. 

APRIL 8 

There is much entertaining at present, but I am keeping 
very quiet. I really have not felt at all well for some 
time. My teeth have been giving me a great deal of 
trouble. The dentist says it is from the fever I had in 
Russia and the intense cold there. I will be glad when 
we get to the quiet of Geneva; I love going on the lake. 
Father has a horror of my sailing. Two of his cousins 
on the twenty-first birthday of the eldest went for a sail in 
a new boat that had been given to the latter for his birth- 
day. Their house is actually on the lake on the way by the 
lower road to Pregny. The wind is very treacherous on the 
lake on account of the surrounding mountains. The boat 
capsized in full view of both their father and mother and 
both of the lads were drowned before help could be 
obtained to rescue them. By their death, father was 
left the last male of the Gallatin family. 

APRIL 20 

I was told such an interesting story to-day about Robert 
Fulton.* It seems during the Terror he was in Paris; 
wishing to go to England on business he obtained a permit 

* Robert Fulton (inventor), first steamboat on the Seine, Paris, Au- 
gust 9, 1803. At New York, 1807, started a steamboat, the Clermont, 
on the Hudson River. 

146 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

and passport. By accident it was made out for Mr. and 
Mrs. Fulton. Arriving at Calais he was detained as 
there was no packet crossing. In the evening at the 
auberge where he was lodged, he noticed a young woman 
who seemed in agony of mind — this was rather a common 
thing in those days. At last she summoned up courage 
to speak to him, saying, "I throw myself on your mercy. 
I see you are a foreigner. I escaped from Paris where I 
had foolishly gone to try and save some important docu- 
ments. My husband would have gone but he is very ill in 
England and I persuaded him to allow me to do so. 
I am without a passport, and hardly dare to embark as 
there is a price on my head, and I am certain to be arrested 
and sent back to Paris. Can you help me?" Fulton 
said, "I will do my best. I have my American passport, 
oddly enough by error it was made out for myself and 
wife, but she is in America. If you are willing to pass as 
Mrs. Fulton, my wife, you are welcome to the little pro- 
tection I can give you." As the lady in question was dis- 
guised and very simply dressed the plan succeeded and 
with the deepest gratitude she parted with him at Dover, 
without revealing her name to him. Some years later 
when Fulton was in Paris trying to raise money to put 
his inventions into practice, he strolled one night into the 
Theatre Francais. Looking around the auditorium he 
spied, much to his astonishment, in one of the boxes the 
lady of his adventure splendidly dressed and covered 
with jewels; at the same time she recognized him and 
waved her fan to him, sending her husband at once to 
escort him to her box. It was through her all the money 
was found for him to carry out his great work. One 
rarely hears of such gratitude. It was the Duchesse de L. 

APRIL 

Mamma is in her element. We are most uncomfortable. 
Everything in the house is turned upside down, nothing 
but cleaning. There is but one room sacred and that 

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1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

is father's, where I take refuge. Every window is open, 
we might as well live in the street; fortunately we are 
entre Cour et Jardin. The concierge at the gate has 
orders to refuse admittance to all carriages. It is mamma's 
and Berthal's carnival as we have taken a house near 
Geneva for several months. We are taking some of the 
servants, the others we will procure there. The servants 
leave shortly as they go by diligence. We have hired a 
roomy travelling carriage and will only take our body 
servants with us — that is, two maids, father's man and 
Lucien. They will be stowed away in the rumble. It 
will take us over a week. I am not looking forward 
to it. 

MAY 

We leave for Geneva to-morrow. I will be glad of the 
rest. The life of a young man is a very gay one, burning 
the candle both ends. 

MAY 12 

After all when everything was packed, the travelling 
carriages engaged, father has some very important 
dispatches which will keep us here another two months. 
I was sorry for mamma and the servants who were going 
to take their holidays. The house was all done up for 
the summer, now everything has to be uncovered and 
put straight. The best part of it is, Madame S. had 
started to Aix en Savoi en route for Geneva. She will 
be furious. She is quite capable of coming back. Still, 
I will have a short breathing time of freedom. We had 
excused ourselves to so many people who had sent us 
invitations that we will look very stupid. To console 
Frances, who was looking forward to our visit, I took her 
to Suresnes; drove her in my curricle, hired a canoe and 
we went on the river. It was a glorious day, with that 
delicious smell of spring in the air. We started early and 

148 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

I took something to eat, landed on an island and had a 
picnic. We had chicken and hard-boiled eggs, but we 
had forgotten the salt — it was stupid of Madame Berthal. 
She had put in some splendid peaches that we were going to 
take on the journey, they were good: it quite restored 
Frances to her usual gaiety. She and I are such good 
friends but she has got a temper of her own. I have 
none, I often wish I had. We did not get home until 
after sunset. I lost an oar, which delayed us. I think it 
must have been the peach juice which went to my head 
as we had nothing to drink stronger than barley-water 
with lemon. We were as happy as two children. I think 
I was the younger of the two. 

NOVEMBER 1 

We are now settled down at home, glad to get back. 
Father still doing his best to effect a settlement of the 
Indemnity claims, but it is an uphill task. Monsieur 
Decazes is far more difficult to deal with than the Due 
de Richelieu. Paris very gay — balls every night. The 
King is far from well; we have no Court functions as 
yet. The Duchesse d'Orleans gave a splendid ball on 
the 4th; all the gardens illuminated — a fine sight. It 
seems the poor old King was really made ill by the dis- 
covery of a plot to make him abdicate in favour of Mon- 
sieur; although Monsieur denied all knowledge of it, 
he nevertheless was the instigator of it. We are having 
a large Christmas dinner — Americans, French, and 
English. Christmas is little kept by the French; New 
Year's Day is the great festival. The Carnival is very 
early this year, so the gaieties will go on. Both the 
Due de Berri and the Due d'Orleans have made great 
innovations. They said the Court was much too dull, 
so have invited all sorts and conditions, not only to 
parties but to dinners — savants, wits, deputies of all 
shades and colour. 

149 



1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

DECEMBER 8 

The famous Abbe Gregoire* was turned out of the 
Chamber of Deputies yesterday. He certainly is an 
extraordinary mixture. It was he who proposed the 
abolition of royalty; he also demanded of the Assembly 
the condemnation to death of Louis XVI. It was he 
who made the Assembly accord civil rights to the Jews 
and coloured people. He tried to oppose the great 
Napoleon in every way, but with little success. 
We dined yesterday with the Comte and Comtesse 
D'Orsay. He is a wonderful fop but very witty. Some 
of his stories would make even a man blush, but he 
seems to be a privileged person. Sosthene de la Roche- 
foucauld was one of the guests — a person very full of 
his own importance. Also that terrible Madame de Boigne 
and her brother were among the guests; she tackled 
father after dinner, asking him all sorts of questions 
about manners and customs in America. I think he was 
a little wearied by her, as I heard him say to her, " Madame, 
when we have a social revolution in America we may 
have better manners, as you have." She exclaimed, 
"You are not an American, you are one of us." He 
answered, " Pardon me, I represent a young and great 
country of which I am justly proud." She is really a 
firebrand. 

DECEMBER 8 

Mamma is preparing for Christmas: plum-puddings are 
being made. Madame Berthal looks utterly disgusted 
when she goes down to the kitchen to stir the puddings; 
I do the same and so does Frances. Father only laughed 
when we told him about it, and says, "Why not?" 
Madame Recamier has invited me to dinner for the 17th. 
I consider it a great honour as I am so young. Four notes 
to-day from Madame S. — the first in despair, the second 

* The Abbe" Gr6goire, born December 1, 1750, died April 28, 1831. 

150 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

apologizing for being in despair, the third gay and frivo- 
lous, the fourth apologizing for being gay and frivolous. 
Why will women write so much? — a dangerous habit. 
All four went immediately into the fire. Hysterical 
shrieks from the housekeeper's room. I rushed out to 
see what was the matter. I met Berthal supporting 
Frances and trying to balance her head-dress. Frances 
was peeling some apples and had cut her finger; like the 
silly little goose that she is, she fainted at the sight of her 
own blood. I looked at her hand and said, "What 
nonsense, it's nothing!" As she passed she gave me 
a good kick. She has inherited something from mamma. 
Off to a supper. No time to write any more. 

DECEMBER 18 

A most amusing dinner at Madame Recamier's, followed 
by a very funny little lampoon on the Queen of Sweden; 
it was called Trouvez-moi, mon Homme. It was really 
very clever and well acted. Madame de J. represented 
the unfortunate queen, and I really thought at first it 
must be the Bernadotte in person. Some music followed. 
One fat lady with ample and bulging charms — in fact, 
bulging everywhere — played the harp. Her arms were 
like legs of mutton; both arms were covered with jingling 
bracelets. This, perhaps, was fortunate, as it sounded 
like sleigh-bells with the occasional breaking of a string 
or the snapping of a whip. When she had finished there 
was not a string left on the harp. 

DECEMBER 19 

The Due de Coigny has invited me to Fontainebleau for 
a chasse for two days. He is the governor of the chateau 
and has a beautiful house. I am certain to enjoy myself. 

DECEMBER 20 

We are a very large party, all men — Mathieu de Mont- 
morency, the Due de Serent, the Prince de Poix, the 

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1819] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Marquis de Champonet, and a host of others. I drove 
down with the Prince de Poix, who kindly offered to 
take me. We hunt to-morrow morning. The duke has 
placed two horses at my disposal. To-night he presented 
me with the badge of the chasse, which was a great honour. 

DECEMBER 22 

We had a perfect day, but I was too tired to write last 
night. It was very late when I was able to retire, as I 
cannot leave until my elders and superiors go. The fine 
air made me so sleepy. We killed seven fine sangliers — 
one fell to me, of which I was very proud; also two 
fine deer. It is a wonderful pretty sight the curee in 
front of a chateau by torchlight at night; all the spoils 
of the chase are laid out in front of the famous horseshoe 
staircase, then a sort of fanfare of cors de chasse is blown 
for each head of game — in fact, a sort of funeral hymn. 
I go back to Paris to-morrow in Mathieu de Mont- 
morency's coach; he is Governor of Compiegne. Such 
funny posts they have at Court. The Comte de Cosse 
Brissac is Premier panetier du Roi. 

DECEMBER 24 

I have managed to save a little money, and with the legacy 
which I had from my aunt, which was five hundred francs, 
I have bought Frances a small string of pearls with a 
nice diamond clasp. As we were not able to dine with 
the de Broglies last Christmas we are dining with them 
to-morrow. Mamma sent the Duchesse a plum-pudding, 
a huge one. Our cousins Naville and Jules de Bude 
arrived to-night from Geneva to pay us a visit. Jules is 
a kindred spirit of mine. Adrien Naville's mother was 
an heiress, Mile de Gallatin, the only daughter of the 
Count Paul Michael, the head of the family and father's 
guardian. Her mother was nee de Bugnac and niece 
of the Due de Biron; so Adrien has a host of relatives 
in Paris. Father is very fond of him as he is very clever 

152 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1819 

and studious. Jules is quite the opposite; his studies 
are devoted to that of the female form divine. 

DECEMBER 26 

We had such a cheerful Christmas Eve. Some Americans 
who have no relatives here; father insisted on inviting 
them and made mamma prepare a present for each. For 
supper we had one of the famous plum-puddings, which 
was carried in all ablaze. Frances has been hugging me 
ever since I gave her the necklace. I tell her to pay 
attention to all the pearls that fall from my lips. Oh, 
woman, woman ! Dear mamma gave me a large pair of 
worsted mittens which she had knitted herself; she 
intended them for a great surprise, but every time for 
the last fortnight I went into her room there was a 
scuffle. One day they were lying in her chair; she 
suddenly sat down on them, needles and all. They are 
orange and brown, absolutely hideous, but I will wear 
them as I cannot wound her feelings. Father gave me 
five hundred francs — it was good of him; Frances, a 
satin shaving-paper holder which she had worked with 
our coat-of-arms, which was quite crooked. 
The dinner at the de Broglie's was quite delightful, without 
any ceremony. Both Adrien and Jules are cousins of 
Albertine's. We were twenty in all — mostly family. 
First we had some silly charades and then we ended by 
dancing. Jules drank much too much. Mamma said 
to me, "How could you?" I said, "It's Jules; I'm 
not drunk." We all had presents: mine was a beautiful 
whip for my curricle with an ivory handle and gold end 
engraved with my initials. To Frances they gave a 
lovely brooch formed of a large aquamarine surrounded 
by small diamonds. 

DECEMBER 30 

I have been literally burning the candle at both ends. 
I do not think Jules and I have slept in our own beds 

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1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

since Christmas night. He looks a wreck. I am sorry 
to say that both he and Adrien leave on New Year's Day; 
they are going on a tour to Germany and Italy. They 
are great friends, although so absolutely different in 
character. 

DECEMBER 31 

Jules and I have made all sorts of engagements. I am 
going to have a nap this afternoon as I am certain we 
shall be up until the small hours of to-morrow morning. 
Good-bye 1819; I part with you with regret. What a 
pity I cannot say "Au revoir" ! 

JANUARY 1, 1820 

"A Happy New Year." New resolutions, only to be 
broken. Such a night ! Last night I did not get home 
until 7 o'clock this morning. This is rather Irish ! 
We have just come from paying our respects to the 
King — the same New Year's Court; also to the Palais 
Royale and to the Elysee. It is such weary waiting, 
standing all the time. I wonder father bears it so well; 
he never seems tired. 

JANUARY 24 

A magnificent ball at the Elysee last night. In the 
morning news had come to us of the death of the Duke 
of Kent, but it was not to be made public until to-day, 
so the ball would take place. The Due de Berri looked 
very much out of temper. The Orleans family did not 
appear, and it at once became whispered about that 
the Duke of Kent* was dead. Of course it had a very 
bad effect. Had the Allies still been here there would 
have been no ball. It seems a great relief to the Royal 
Family that the Allies have been withdrawn. I am not 
surprised— but that they do not show much gratitude. 

* Duke of Kent, son of George III, and father of the late Queen 
Victoria. 

154 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

FEBRUARY 8 

We had a fine time yesterday. Some of our ladies of 
the opera were going to have a fine car for the Carnival. 
Several of us wanted to join them, but they were not 
allowed to have men in their car. We got over the 
difficulty by getting women's costumes. There were 
six of us all dressed in full ballet dress, fleshing tights, 
and full ballet-skirts; bare arms and necks, wigs and 
masks. I was nearly frozen. We had a lot of cham- 
pagne, which helped to keep us warm. We had supper 
at the Maison Doree and such a supper ! About 2 
o'clock in the morning there was a loud knocking at the 
door: " Ouvrez, an nom du Roi." You can imagine 
our feelings — particularly mine, as I was the only one 
belonging to an embassy — to be found in ballet-skirts 
by the police ! The door was opened and in walked 
three of the heads of the police. " Vos noms, messieurs 
et dames." We had taken off our wigs and masks, so 
were easily recognized. Suddenly there was a shout 
from Rochefoucauld, who jumped on the leading man, 
dragging off his hat and wig, discovering Puysegur. To 
all three he did the same thing. With roars of laughter 
they told us they had disguised themselves and had been 
to every room in the cafe and had taken the names of 
all the occupants. We were the first to find them out. 
As they were all friends of ours, we made them join us, 
and the fun became fast and furious. De la Rochefou- 
cauld had suddenly remembered that during the Carnival 
no descents of the police were made, so he risked pulling 
off Puysegur's wig. It took me a long time to recover 
from the shock. It would have been a serious matter 
for me, particularly if it had been made public. I would 
have been obliged to leave Paris. I do not know what 
father would have done. Oh, my head to-day ! We 
are planning some more mischief to come off before the 
end of the Carnival. Puysegur had a list of several well- 
known people, whose names he took. We are going to 
make them dance before we have finished. 

155 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

FEBRUARY 10 

We put our heads together and have sent the most 
official-looking documents to all whose names were taken 
to appear at the Hotel de Ville to-morrow. We intend 
going to some vantage-point to see them arrive. 

FEBRUARY 11 

Our joke came off splendidly. Coach after coach 
drove up, but when the occupants asked for a certain 
room, which number we put on the document, they 
were informed there was no such room. Then one of 
the documents was shown to an official, who said, "It 
is Carnival; you have been duped." I wish you could 
have seen their faces. Some of the ones of high rank 
had written to the Due de Berri to intercede for them and 
did not appear. He had been informed that it was a 
joke and joined in it. We won't hear anything about it. 
There is not one dare make any trouble. It seems the 
Duke was very much amused, and has made many sallies 
about it to the unfortunate ones, particularly the married 
ones. 

FEBRUARY 13 

On Saturday there was a magnificent ball given by 
Monsieur de Greffuhle. He had lately been made a peer. 
The Due and Duchesse de Berri were present. There 
had been rumours that there was a plot to assassinate 
the Duke; all noticed that Monsieur de Greffuhle never 
left him, and seemed much relieved when the Berris 
retired. The Princesse de Galitzin bade me come to 
her box at the opera on Sunday. We had the box adjoin- 
ing the Royal one. The Due and Duchesse de Berri 
were very well received. At the conclusion of the opera, 
before the ballet commenced, the Duchess rose and, 
bowing to the audience, retired with the Duke. As I 
was not feeling well, I begged Madame de Galitzin to 
excuse me and immediately followed. In the corridor 

15G 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

I heard a commotion, and, opening a door, 1 found 
myself by the Royal exit. Monsieur de Brissac rushed 
up to me saying, "Shut the door and stand by it; do 
not let any one pass in or out. There has been an attack 
on the life of the Due de Berri." At that moment the 
Duke appeared, supported on one side by the Duchess 
and on the other by Madame de Bcthisy.* I could see a 
dagger sticking in his breast, but he was talking in a low 
voice to his wife. She was wonderfully calm, but tears 
wore running down her cheeks. She is enceinte. 1 fear 
this may kill her. I heard orders being given to send 
at once for Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme. Mon- 
sieur arrived first, accompanied by the Due de Fit/. -lames, 
and immediately went into the Royal salon, which is 
behind the King's loge. They were closely followed by 
the Due d'Angouleme and the Due de Maille; then 
came Monsieur Decazes and a host of others. It was 
all the more tragic as 1 could hear the music of the ballet 
which was still going on. The audience had no knowl- 
edge of what had happened. 1 forgot to mention that 
before anybody arrived I heard a sharp cry from the 
Royal salon. I was told afterwards that the Duke tried 
to pull the knife out of his breast but was unable to do 
so — that Madame de Bethisy, with great presence of 
mind, pulled it out. Both she and the Duchess were 
deluged in blood. I heard somebody say, " Does anybody 
know if the knife was poisoned?" Monsieur Decazes 
passed me hurriedly with Fitz-James. When they 
returned (it seems they had been to question the assassin) 
I heard Monsieur Decazes say in a loud voice, "The knife 
is not poisoned." By this time several doctors arrived 
and were doing all they could to staunch the flow of 
blood. I could see into the talon, as the door was left 
open as there were so many people. Monsieur Rohan- 
Ch&botf came up to me and begged me to still stop by 

* Lady in waiting to t ho Duchess. 
t Son of the Due de Rohan. 

157 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

the door I was guarding. At that moment the Due 
d'Orleans, with the Duehesse and Mile d'Orleans, passed 
into the salon; they were all in tears. The next thing 
I heard was an order given to send for the King. The 
Due de Maille went to fetch him. I felt then there could 
not be much hope. To my horror, I heard the Duehesse 
de Berri in loud tones denouncing Monsieur Decazes, 
saying, " C'est lui, le vrai assassin." They tried to stop 
her. A sudden hush and the poor old King arrived, 
leaning heavily on the Duehesse d'Angouleme and the 
Due de Maille.* His Majesty was composed and looking 
very stern. It was an extraordinary sight. The Duehesse 
d'Angouleme hurriedly passed me and met poor little 
Mademoiselle, who had been sent for and came carried 
in the arms of Mile de Gontaut.f Then two priests 
passed. I knew then the end was near. Suddenly all knelt. 
As the sacrament was being given to the dying man I think 
everybody was in tears; I know I cried. Then in silence 
we all rose to our feet and waited. It seemed hours to 
me, as I was ready to drop with fatigue. Then the 
priest began intoning a prayer. Again all sank on to 
their knees. The end had come. Then a horrible thing 
happened. The Duehesse de Berri again commenced to 
scream, calling Monsieur Decazes "Assassin ! Assassin!" 
It was really too horrible. After they had quieted her, 
in absolute silence — with the exception of the Grand 
Chamberlain announcing "Le Roi, le Roi" — a mournful 
procession passed me. First, the King supporting the 
Duehesse de Berri, who had the hand of Mademoiselle, 
the Duehesse d'Angouleme on the other side of her; 
they were followed by all the rest of the Royal Family. 
I could hear the orders given by the officers to the soldiers 
who by now were keeping the streets. 
Monsieur de Brissac came to me, shook my hands and 

* Grand Chamberlain of Louis XVIII. 

tThe MS. here is illegible and I have had to guess at the 
meaning. — Ed. 

158 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

simply said "Merci." He asked me if I would like to 
go into the salon. I followed him. He motioned me 
to kneel and, handing the brush from the holy-water bowl, 
motioned me to sprinkle the corpse, which I did. I 
would not believe the Duke was dead. He was still sitting 
up in a large gilt arm-chair, his head supported by a 
cushion, and surrounded by the officers of his household. 
The priest knelt in front of him praying. It was a 
sight I will never forget. In silence Monsieur de Maille 
shook my hand, and I retired. On gaining the street, 
which was packed with people and troops, I had great 
difficulty in getting through the crowd, had it not 
happened that I was recognized by one of the officers, 
Monsieur de Puysegur, who sent an escort of soldiers to 
make way for me. Although more dead than alive when 
arriving at home, I at once went up to father's room and 
awakened him. When I told him the news he exclaimed, 
" What a catastrophe ! — the unfortunate Bourbons — a 
blow for France indeed ! " He made me go at once to 
bed as I was hardly able to stand. 

FEBRUARY 16 

At 10 o'clock this morning a note was sent that all the 
Diplomatic Corps were to go to the Tuilleries at 1 o'clock. 
I accompanied father. The large sails was in total darkness 
with the exception of about twenty large candles (cierges) in 
great silver candlesticks. In order of seniority, first the 
Ambassadors and their suites, then the Ministers, passed 
before the throne, in front of which was standing the 
Due d'Angouleme surrounded by the high Court officials 
in the deepest mourning. Absolute silence with the 
exception of the announcement by the Grand Chamber- 
lain as the representative of each country passed — La 
Russie, l'Espagne, &c. &c. — followed by the dropping on 
the floor of the halberds with a ringing sound.. It was 
most solemn and impressionable. The Duke bowed to 
each one. Not a word was spoken. So we passed out. 

159 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

The assassin's name is Louvel, a saddler. It seems he 
has been following the poor Duke for a long time waiting 
his opportunity. He must have had many chances as 
the Duke went about in the most open manner, often 
quite alone. Rumours of all sorts. Some say it was a 
conspiracy. The Duchesse de Berri still accuses Monsieur 
Decazes of being the head of it. Others that it was 
a personal revenge. "Cherchez la femme," others say; 
the Duke's amours were so well known — he not taking 
the slightest care to hide them. 

FEBRUARY 17 

This morning father went to the Palais Royal and was 
received by Mile d'Orleans. She was in great grief; she 
was devoted to the Due de Berri. She said, when dying 
he was the most collected and calm of them all, that he 
thought of everybody — of two children, girls, who were 
in England; they are the daughters of a "Miss Brown" 
whom he married in London under a false name before 
the Restoration. He begged his wife to take them and to 
bring them up as if they were her own daughters. She 
promised to do so. He tried to comfort one and all. 

FEBRUARY 18 

So great is the outcry against Monsieur Decazes that 
he will have to leave the Ministry. Father is much 
incensed about it; I will not for one moment believe 
that he was in any way implicated. Decazes' life has 
been threatened and he has to go about guarded. The 
people insult him as he passes in his carriage; they are 
incensed against him. It is a strange thing that the 
populace always have affection for a Royalty who is 
a little wild. It was exactly the same with Henri IV, 
whom the late Duke much resembled in the life he led. 

FEBRUARY 19 

A Monsieur Claude de Coursergues, a deputy, denounced 
Monsieur Decazes in the Chamber yesterday as insti- 

160 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

gator of the assassination. I am glad to say he was 
indignantly howled down. 

The King sent this morning for the Due de Richelieu, 
who was on the eve of starting for England to compliment 
George IV on his accession. The King requested him 
to take Monsieur Decazes' place, but he absolutely 
refused to do so. When pressed for his reasons he said 
"the King was so old" and that "Monsieur" (the 
heir to the Crown) was absolutely opposed to him. 

FEBRUARY 21 

It seems that Monsieur had given his word that if he 
became king he would support Monsieur de Richelieu. 
Still nothing decided. 

FEBRUARY 22 

Monsieur Decazes has begged the King to accept his 
resignation. After some time, it seems, the King, with 
great grief, accepted it. He created him "Due" and 
he goes to London as ambassador. Monsieur de Richelieu 
at last has consented to accept office. Monsieur has 
given him every promise of support in every way. Father 
has no faith in Monsieur's promises. He thinks him 
false in everything. 

The lying-in-state and funeral of the Due de Berri was 
very fine. The actual funeral was not on so grand a 
scale as that of the Prince de Conde, which I have 
mentioned before. 

MARCH 1820 

The Duchesse de Berri is more violent than ever against 
the Due de Decazes and his party; it is all very painful. 
Of course all gaiety and entertaining is at an end. For 
myself, I have no heart for it. I can scarcely realize 
that the poor Duke is dead — always so gay and cheerful, 
so full of life and spirits. He will be more and more 
missed as time goes on; there is nobody to fill his place. 
The Queen of Sweden is getting madder and madder, 

161 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

she does not let poor Monsieur de Richelieu alone for a 
moment; she is the laughing-stock of Paris. He will 
not even speak to her, but that seems to egg her on all 
the more. Louvel was questioned in private, but his 
trial will not take place as yet. Some say he is a 
lunatic. 

APRIL 

I only go to the Francais now. Mile George is very fine. 
Poor old Talma one can hardly hear. It is really sad to 
see the wreck of such a once fine actor; still at times 
he has fine bursts of passion, revealing some of his old 
powers. The opera has been closed since the assassina- 
tion of the Duke. 

APRIL 

A bomb exploded yesterday at the Louvre. Rumour 
says that several bombs have been discovered in the 
gardens and under the windows of the Duchesse de Berri. 
The poor old King is much disturbed. He, as well as 
everybody else, fears that if a bomb did explode near 
to the apartment occupied by the Duchesse de Berri 
it might bring on a premature confinement. Since the 
death of the Duke the Duchess has moved to the Tuilleries. 
The eyes of the whole of France are fixed on the palace, 
hoping for an heir. Louvel's trial commenced on the 
5th. I applied for permission to attend, which was 
granted. 

It seems he is now thought to be a lunatic and there will 
be a further trial. All this must be most painful to the 
Royal Family. There are strange rumours afloat about 
the bombs; even the Duchesse de Berri's name is 
mentioned — it is too monstrous. 

MAY 1820 

An officer of bad character has been arrested in con- 
nexion with the bomb explosions. He is to be tried 
at once. 

162 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte has intimated her inten- 
tion of paying a visit to Paris; she is now in Geneva. 
The Duchesse de Courland (Talleyrand's niece) has 
been troubling father very much lately. She has interest 
in property in America and seems to think it is his place 
to attend to it for her. This has given us all a chance, 
mamma in particular, as the Duchess comes to see him 
nearly daily; we all say it is a second case of the Queen 
of Sweden and Monsieur de Richelieu. I really think 
it is beginning to trouble him, as he has a horror of any 
scandal being attached to his name. Pozzo di Borgo 
strongly advised him to get rid of her. He thinks 
anybody who has any connexion with Monsieur de Talley- 
rand dangerous. He has, like father, supreme contempt 
for the latter — calls him a turncoat, a liar, libertine, &c. &c. 
He certainly is a man without a vestige of principle. 

JUNE 

Frances is now seventeen and remarkably pretty. Had 
the Court not been in mourning she would have made 
her debut, but will now have to wait until next year. 
I think mamma is very glad, as she dreads having to 
sit up so late. We tell her she is very lucky only to have 
one daughter — that most Englishwomen have eight or 
ten. 

JUNE 6 

To-day was Louvel's trial. I was present. There were 
no revelations of any kind. He is a poor lunatic. He 
had nursed the idea he must kill somebody for years. 
He is to be executed to-morrow. 

JUNE 8 

I now deeply regret I went to the execution. There 
was a large body of troops as there had been serious 
disturbance in the night. It was at 3 o'clock in 
bright June sunshine, which made it all the more horrible. 

163 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

I never could imagine human beings could turn into 
beasts; a French mob is horrible. One now realizes 
what the Terror was. The wretched assassin was half 
dead before he was dragged up the steps of the guillotine. 
It was nil over in a moment. I had to go and drink 
sonic brandy —a thing I have never done in my life 
before. It took me two hours to get out of the howling 
crowd, more like wild animals than anything else — the 
women far worse than the men. 

JULY 

We again go to Geneva for two months. 1 will be very 
glad of the rest and quiet. Of course father has had 
nothing to do. The a Hairs of tin 1 Court, with all the 
plots and counter-plots, have occupied all the time of the 
Ministry. 

Madame de Courland has been got rid of. Father has 
a very pale face and white hands; PozZO di Borgo 
hinted to her that he had leprosy. She wrote begging 
father not even to write to her, that she feared she had 
troubled him too much, &c. &C. Poor Pozzo passed a 
bad quarter of an hour with mamma, who will never 
forgive him. Father was much amused. 
"Monsieur de Chateaubriand is deeply hurt that he is 
not in the Ministry; neither the King nor Monsieur de 
Richelieu like him. We leave to-morrow for Geneva. . . . 



1G4 



PART IV 

THE MINISTRY IN FRANCE 

FROM THE ASSASSINATION OF THE DUC DE BERRI 
TO THE RETURN OF ALBERT GALLATIN TO AMERICA 

SEPTEMBER 1820— JUNE 1823 

SEPTEMBER 1820: GENEVA 

Father has just had news of a great conspiracy. Unfor- 
tunately Monsieur de Lafayette is mixed up in it — in 
fact, one of the leaders; others are the Due de Rovigo, 
Monsieur Lafitte, General Pajol, and a host of others. 
There is to be a trial before the Court of Peers. I am 
glad we are here, as if we had been in Paris it would have 
caused father great worry. He has a very deep affection 
for Monsieur de Lafayette. 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte is here. She is much 
sought after; her wit and beauty seem to open all doors 
to her. She is very bitter at the present moment against 
Mrs. Caton, one of whose daughters married Madame B.'s 
brother Hubert and is now a widow. There is great 
scandal about her and the Duke of Wellington. He 
follows her everywhere; in fact, it is an open secret 
that she is his mistress. Mrs. Caton has married another 
of her daughters to a Mr. Harvey. The third one is 
very beautiful, and the mother has great hopes of making 
a fine marriage for her. Madame Bonaparte talks of 
nothing else but "Bo" her son, and his marriage. As 
he is now only a fat boy it is a little premature. 

SEPTEMBER 28 

We arrived in Paris this morning to find the city in a 
ferment of enthusiasm on account of the birth of a son 

165 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

to the Duchesse de Berri yesterday. It was really 
wonderful to see the change in everybody. When we 
left in May all was dull and black; now everybody, 
even the streets, are radiant. Cannon are booming; 
fireworks at night, feu de joie, and goodness knows what. 
We had at once to go to the palace -pour nous inscrire. 
They say the King is delighted. 

SEPTEMBER 29 

The child is called the Due de Bordeaux.* He was 
privately christened at once, but there is to be a great 
public- christening later on. 

We went to-day to the Palais Royal. It did not strike 
me that the Orleans family looked or seemed particularly 
pleased. The two daughters of "Mrs. Brown" were 
there; they are treated with great kindness and have 
been given titles. "Mrs. Brown" has been given a 
chateau in Brittany. She certainly behaved wonderfully 
well. Her marriage in England was quite en regie. 
Oddly enough, there is a boy as well, but no notice has 
been taken of him; he is simply called "Thomas Brown." 

OCTOBER 

It has been the most extraordinary trial of the leaders 
of the conspiracy of August. All the leaders have 
escaped free and only some most unimportant persons 
have been punished. The Due de Bassano has been 
allowed to return to France. He is so old and considered 
quite harmless now. 

NOVEMBER 

We have some work to do, as Monsieur de Richelieu has 
intimated to father that he is willing to open negotiations 
re the Indemnity. That anything will really be done 

* Henri-Clmrles-Ferdinand-Marie-Dieudonne' d'Artois, Due de Bor- 
deaux, born September 28, 1820, afterwards known as the Conite de 
Chanibord. 

166 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

I strongly doubt. Mr. Sheldon has gone on a holiday, 
so all the important work falls on my shoulders. Paris 
still dull as far as Society goes. I was pointed out the 
Marquise de Guiccioli yesterday, Lord Byron's mistress; 
she is very charming to look at, gentle and sweet. 
Of course the one topic of conversation is the Duchesse 
de Berri and her son, the Due de Bordeaux — " Esperance 
de la France" as he is called. The King looks much 
better, is far more cheerful. There are some unpleasant 
rumours of the Due d 'Orleans having thrown doubts on 
the legitimacy of the Due de Bordeaux, but I believe it 
is without question of a doubt that he is the son of the 
Due de Berri. When the latter was dying he said to the 
King, "Soigne ma fenime; elle est enceinte." 
I am going to fetes every night as Paris is again plunged 
into wild gaiety. The people are too glad of an excuse 
to throw off the mourning and gloom. Frances makes 
her debut at the first Court. I have been telling her 
how to behave. She has a dancing mistress to teach 
her how to curtsy and to back without tumbling over. 
The christening of the Due de Bordeaux was a splendid 
sight. He was held up at an open window to be shown 
to the populace and was received with roars of cheers. 
The old Duke of Gordon was present; I was so glad 
to see him. I had a little love affair with Katinka 
Galitzin. Her father is not very rich, and as I have 
nothing, it soon came to an end. We remain the best 
of friends. 

Really Mr. Astor is dreadful. Father has to be civil to 
him, as in 1812-13 he rendered great services to the 
Treasury. He came to dejeuner to-day; we were simply 
enfamille, he sitting next to Frances. He actually wiped 
his fingers on the sleeves of her fresh white spencer. 
Mamma in discreet tones said, "Oh, Mr. Astor, 1 must 
apologize; they have forgotten to give you a serviette." 
I think he felt foolish. 

A splendid Court ball last night; the dresses and jewels 

167 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

of the ladies and the superb uniforms of the men 
made a fine show. Father looks like a blot of ink 
amongst all this finery. Of course I dress as I like; 
we have no official diplomatic uniform in America. 
Some near-sighted Hungarian officer, not seeing he 
was in front of the Duchesse d'Angouleme, caught 
his spur in the lace of her dress and tore yards of 
splendid lace. He was covered with confusion, but she 
was so gracious; she is so womanly. I do not think I 
have ever seen so sad a face, but she is the most royal- 
looking person I have ever seen; the "descendant of a 
hundred kings" certainly applies to her. I noticed her 
expression of intense scorn when Prince de Talleyrand 
passed; he is horrible. 

With the change of Ministry after the disgrace, or at 
least removal, of the Due de Decazes, Monsieur de 
Richelieu is again in power. Monsieur de Serre, Minister 
of Justice; Pasquier, Affaires Etrangeres (which father 
much regrets); Latour Maubourg, Ministre de la Guerre; 
Portal Marine and Roy, Ministre des Finances; Baron 
Meunier, Directeur of Police; and Monsieur Simeon, 
Ministre de lTnterieur. Father thinks it a very weak 
Government — that it will not last long. . . . 

NOVEMBER 

The Marquis de Lauriston, a descendant of Law, the 
South Sea Bubble adventurer, is appointed Ministre de la 
Maison du Roi. We had a small sauterie for Frances 
and her young friend. She's now seventeen. It was 
very pretty; all the young girls were so fresh and enjoyed 
everything so much it was a pleasure to watch them. 
Dear mamma had arranged a surprise in the shape of a 
gift hunt. We all were given numbers and then we went 
into the gallery, where all the presents were hidden in 
all sorts of the most out-of-the-way places. I helped her 
to arrange it with the invaluable Berthal. Each had a 
number corresponding with tickets. It was really good 

168 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

and quite delightful — such laughter and little suppressed 
shrieks of delight when the parcel with the corresponding 
number was discovered. The presents were so pretty — 
a donkey with a wobbley head for me and a goose full 
of bon-bons for Frances. We both agreed it was too 
personal; mamma has more wit than we gave her 
credit for. Father came in with dear Pozzo di Borgo 
and looked on at the "hunt," and was much amused. 
Then a delightful little supper. It was all over by 11 
o'clock. Of course there is little entertaining on a 
large scale on account of the Due de Berri's death; we 
of the corps diplomatique entertain in a small way. The 
English Ambassadress has sent out invitations for a 
party for very young people for Thursday; it is to be 
costume. Frances is going as "Titania" and I as 
the ass. I have had a wonderful head made by the 
costumier of the opera; it is all of silk and is very light — 
not at all hot. 

The little bal costume was a great success; some of the 
dresses were beautiful. Frances was as pretty as any- 
body; she has that lovely skin and such beautiful eyes. 
Her dress was all clinging white silver material, and 
she had a wreath of light blue cornflowers in her hair, 
which was flowing down her back. Her wand was a 
huge sunflower. Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld, with 
his usual cynical manner, came up to me and said: 
"Tout le monde te recommit; tu n'as pas pu choisir un 
costume qui t'ira mieux" I will be even with him yet. 
I never knew a man who fancied himself so much; he 
is a male Madame de Boigne. 

We had a Maypole dance; there was a beautiful "may- 
pole" decorated with flowers and ribbons. After this 
was finished we all (the young people) filed before the 
Ambassador and Ambassadress dancing a polonaise. 
We arrived home at midnight, but I went out again. 
Father has enjoined mamma never to ask me any ques- 
tions — very wise, I think, as if I told her the truth she 

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1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

would soon be in her grave, with her strict ideas. Will I 
ever reform ? Paris is waking up. Pozzo di Borgo is 
giving a sauterie for Frances. He sent to Russia for all 
sorts of beautiful presents; he has consulted mamma 
about some original way of distributing them. 



NOVEMBER 20 

It was delightful at the Russian Embassy — all very 
young people. After supper the doors of the ballroom 
were thrown open; half-way across the room a great 
rope of flowers about three feet from the ground, at the 
far end a row of targets. Silver arrow r s were presented 
to the ladies and gold ones to the gentlemen; we had 
to throw them at the targets. If we hit (I am sorry to 
say the girls often missed), Pozzo, assisted by several 
ambassadors, presented us with the most beautiful 
Russian bibelots, much too fine. I had a beautiful inlaid 
snuff-box; Frances a complete Russian peasant costume 
— the head-dress had seed-pearls and turquoises on it. 
We danced all sorts of pretty dances, ending with a 
Russian mazurka which twelve of us had learnt. I led 
off with Katinka Galitzin. It was really extremely pretty 
and very well done. W T e had straps covered with gilt 
bells on our ankles — that is, the men; the girls had the 
same on their wrists. The orchestra as a finale played 
all the different national airs. "Yankee Doodle" 
sounded rather tame and vulgar after the grand Russian 
Hymn and "God save the King." Oddly enough, "God 
save the King" is the national Hymn of Geneva; it 
was played after the "Escalade" in 1602. The name 
of the composer is not known; both Lulli and Handel 
claimed it, but that is absurd, as the original manuscript 
music is in the Arsenal at Geneva. After a Russian 
punch chaud, which Pozzo insisted upon our drinking, 
home we went. I was very tired. 

170 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

SUNDAY 

Frances came down to breakfast this morning in her 
Russian costume. Poor mamma's face was a study in 
religion. She could not utter at first, so father stepped 
in the breach, saying, "How lovely you look, and where 
did all this finery come from?" He knew nothing of it 
as he has not been at the Embassy. By this time mamma 
had recovered her speech. I saw the storm coming. 
"Frances, have you forgotten that it is the Lord's Day? 
Go to your room and pray for forgiveness." I left the 
room; so did father. 



NOVEMBER 1820 

Dined at the Spanish Embassy. The Papal nuncio was 
present. All ladies in high waists. It seems it is not 
etiquette for ladies to be decollete when he is present, 
excepting at Court. Madame S. embarrasses me at times; 
I feel hot all over, as I am quite certain people must see 
how she looks at me. Mamma was very fine in red 
velvet. Her skin is so deadly white and fine that she 
would be noticed anywhere; I was very proud of her. 
After the nuncio retired some Spanish dances were danced 
beautifully. Such a strange custom ! When the nuncio 
arrived he was preceded by two footmen walking back- 
wards holding silver candelabra with lighted candles; 
the same thing was repeated when he retired. I noticed 
he looked astonished when mamma did not kiss his ring. 
It was afterwards explained to him that she was a 
Protestant. Driving home, father laughingly teased her 
about it, saying she should have done so. "No such 
flummery for me," she said. We found Frances had 
high fever. A doctor was sent for and fears it is scarlet 
fever; he says he cannot be certain until to-morrow, 
as there is no rash as yet. 

171 



1820] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

DECEMBER 2 

Poor Frances has scarlet fever and is isolated in the chalet 
in the garden. Mamma will not leave her. Father had 
some news from America which has rather annoyed him. 
It seems some ignorant Yankee called attention to the way 
he was living in Paris — that his house was too large, that 
his servants wore showy liveries, &c. &c. Father is 
simplicity itself, but he feels he ought to keep up a 
certain style in a country where such things are so much 
thought of; he feels it is due to the prestige of the 
country he represents. They might just as well resent 
his going to Court — it is quite ridiculous. Monsieur 
de Lafayette has just called; he consulted him on the 
matter. The former is certainly republican enough in 
all his ideas. Father has penned a very dignified answer, 
which I have just drafted. He requests to be recalled 
if his way of living is not considered proper, but that 
he will not change it in any way. He and I are dining 
with the Barings to-day. Of course mamma had to 
excuse herself on account of Frances. 

DECEMBER 4 

We had a charming dinner at the Barings'. The old 
Due de Bassano w r as present. He is really about the 
only respectable person that Napoleon created a duke, 
although he was a lawyer or hommes d'affaires, or some- 
thing of that sort, but of low origin. Poor Frances is 
better as it is a mild attack. In any case it will prevent 
her from going to any of the Christmas festivities. Mamma 
feared her complexion might be injured, but the doctor 
assures her it will not be in any way affected. . . . 

DECEMBER 

I have refused all invitations for the present as, although 
Frances is still isolated, I have never had scarlet fever 
myself. The doctor thinks I had better remain quiet 
for a few days. . . . 

172 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1820 

DECEMBER 10 

I had a piece of very bad luck to-day. A certain lady 
of the grand monde had smiled upon me. I had a rendez- 
vous with her at the old Palais Royal in the Marais in 
the afternoon. It is the most unlikely place in the world 
to meet anybody. I know of a very quiet little cafe 
there with cabinet particulier; as we walked toward it 
I spied a lady approaching with a footman behind her. 
Horror of horrors ! — mamma ! Now if it had been the 
moon arm-in-arm with the sun taking a walk I would 
not have been more flabbergasted, but it was mamma in 
the flesh. Nothing was to be done but to brazen it out. 
With a sickly smile and a grand coup de chapeau I 
approached her, instantly saying, "Allow me to present 
you to the Comtesse de C." Mamma stared, mamma 
curtsied; Madame de C. did the same. Mamma curtsied 
again, Madame de C. ditto; but not a word did mamma 
utter. I own I was rather proud of her, but the situation 
was becoming rather strained. I said to Madame de C, 
"Comtesse, will you allow me to conduct you to your 
coach?" This really meant a fiacre, as Madame de C. 
had left her coach in the Rue de Rivoli. Mamma glared, 
curtsied again; finding her voice, said, "James, return 
when you have found the comtesse's coach," with an 
accent grave on the coach. I could not do anything else. 
When I did return mamma took my arm and walked 
ten times around the Palais Royal. I suppose it will 
mean some more tracts when we get home. It seems 
the poor old dear, on account of fear of infection to 
others, had come to this isolated place to take a little 
exercise. My luck is on the wane. 

DECEMBER 12 

Not a word have I heard since of my little peccadillo. 
I think father must have said something, for I am certain 
she told him. She really thinks I am still a child, for- 
getting I am three-and-twenty. 

173 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

DECEMBER 17 

Madame de C. will never forgive me; she is furious. 

DECEMBER 20 

The boulevards are so brilliant for Noel, I walk there 

every evening. 

DECEMBER 26 

The usual Christmas festivities, but I have become very 
rangS, so remained at home. All my friends seem to be 
getting married, and I am only semi-attached. 

JANUARY 1, 1821 

Another year gone, and still we stop on here practically 
doing nothing. Father is getting old, and I doubt if he 
will ever return to America. Mr. Astor has written to 
him again making new offers, all of which he has refused. 
He says he must not die rich after holding the posts he 
has. I have never known of anybody, with the excep- 
tion of the Due de Richelieu, who is so absolutely honest 
and disinterested; both on his mission to the Hague and 
to England he only charged his absolute out-of-pocket 
expenses. Would that there were more politicians in 
America of his calibre ! I fear there are few, if any. It 
is not astonishing he has so many firm friends such as 
Alexander Baring, Pozzo di Borgo, Lafayette, and the 
Humboldts — men whose friendship is worth having. I 
only wish I were more like him. 

MONDAY 

I had a bad accident skating at Vincennes on Saturday 
and broke my arm — fortunately the left one. Had it 
been my right arm I do not know what I should have 
done. It caused me great pain; the bone-setter was 
very rough. To add to my troubles, my hair is beginning 
to fall out. This was caused by the fever I contracted 

174 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

that horrible winter at St. Petersburg. One consolation — 
I can always wear a wig. 

FEBRUARY 2 

I had a horrid accident on Saturday. I was driving a 
new horse in my cabriolet with Lucien up behind. Coming 
down the Elysees I spied the King's coach driven at the 
usual high speed, which makes a rumbling. As etiquette 
requires, I drew up at the side, and was holding my hat 
off when my horse shied and over we went. Of course, 
I fell on my injured arm, which has always given me 
trouble; it was badly set at first — in fact, it had to be 
broken again and set, causing me great uneasiness. The 
Comtesse de Brissac was passing in her coach; she 
stopped and most kindly insisted on conveying me to 
her hotel in the Faubourg St.-Honore, which is quite 
close. She sent for a surgeon, and, much to my chagrin, 
he announced another slight fracture. After attending 
to me, Madame de B. most graciously put her coach at 
my disposal to take me home. She is forty but still 
very handsome. She held my right hand while the 
surgeon was binding my arm; I think she squeezed it. 
Nous verrons. Lucien and the horse were not injured 
but the cabriolet was damaged. 

This morning I was sitting in mamma's boudoir reading, 
as my arm was so painful I could not write. Frances 
was embroidering and mamma going through her religious 
devotions, which consists of reading a sermon of Jeremy 
Taylor's, her daily allowance. A footman hurriedly 
entered without knocking — a venial offence. He looked 
white and scared, and mumbled, "Would Madame 
l'Ambassadress permit Madame Berthal to speak to her?" 
Enter Madame Berthal, very red and flurried, her very 
cap quivering with excitement. Approaching mamma, 
in a low tone she said, "Madame l'Ambassadress, there 
has been an accident. Louise (one of the kitchen wenches) 
has tripped over the cat on the lower stairs, and there are 

175 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

two." "Two what?" asked mamma. "Twins," 
replied Madame Berthal. "What nonsense!" said 
mamma. "Is the girl injured? It does not matter 
about the kittens; drown them." "Not kittens, Madame 
I' Ambassadress, babies." Never will I forget mamma's 
face. Down went Jeremy Bentham bang on the floor. 
Up rose mamma, her cap literally standing on end. She 
thundered, "Frances, leave the room." I could no 
longer contain myself and burst into roars of laughter. 
This was too much for mamma. "James, I am ashamed 
of you. Leave the room at once." I really expected to 
receive Jeremy on my head before reaching the door. 
Only too glad to escape, I sought refuge in father's room. 
When I succeeded in suppressing my laughter I com- 
menced telling him what had happened. I had only 
commenced my story when he was summoned to mamma's 
room. When he returned he tried to look serious, but 
I saw the corners of his mouth twitching. Poor Berthal 
mamma has dismissed for her want of discretion. Father 
sent to the Convent of the Sacre Cceur, which is quite 
close to us, and obtained permission to send the poor 
girl and her twins to the hospital there. He sent for a 
coach and had her conveyed there. What passed 
between him and mamma I do not know, but she locked 
herself in the room for the remainder of the day. Frances 
asked me this evening if I thought she could have one 
of the kittens. I told her they were drowned ! ! ! 
The twins died last night. . . . 

My arm is so painful I cannot write any more. . . . 
Mamma has forgiven me. Jean, such a nice-looking 
groom, is the cause of all the trouble. He is going to 
marry the girl as soon as she is well. Father insists 
on retaining them both in his service. Mamma looks 
injured and draws deep sighs. Poor Berthal has been 
reinstated; father insisted upon it. 



176 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

FEBRUARY 12 

There have been more bomb explosions and the police 
have not the slightest clue. On January 27 a bomb in 
the Tuilleries — nobody injured. On the 31st another at 
the Treasury, several near the palace windows; still not 
the faintest clue. Scenes every day in the Chamber, one 
party accusing the other. Then a lull for a time. 

FEBRUARY 15 

I do not feel well enough to join in the Carnival this year. 
The fact is, I have had enough of it all. I am now nearly 
four-and-twenty, and it is high time to settle down. 
Frances is to make her debut this year but not until 
the spring. 

FEBRUARY 17 

Such a magnificent ball at the Tuilleries last night. 
The Duchesse d'Angouleme was superbly regal: her 
train of white velvet thickly embroidered with gold 
fleurs-de-lis with a broad gold border, lined and faced 
with ermine; her dress entirely of superb lace, which 
they told me had belonged to her mother; the highest 
diadem of emeralds and diamonds that I have ever seen, 
it was quite four inches. A veil of superb lace hung 
down below her shoulders; a belt and stomacher of 
diamonds and one enormous emerald in the centre; 
from the shoulders hung great strings of diamonds. 
The Duchess d'Orleans in rose-coloured velvet; Mile 
d'Orleans in blue; the Duchesse de Berri in white with 
a train bordered with sable (this was her first appearance 
since her husband's assassination). They made a truly 
royal group. The poor King was in a chair with wheels, 
as he suffers from swollen legs. 

FEBRUARY 20 

At last I have had a bilious attack. Mamma is in her 
element; she loves to say "I told you so." Now, when 

177 



1881] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

one is bilious one is not in the best of tempers; I do so 

Ions to throw a boot at her. 



FEBRUARY M 

All right again and taking Frances to some small evening 
parties. She has not been brought up in the French 
way; mamma allows her mueh more liberty. Frances 
can take eare of herself; she has great dignity combined 
with sweetness, and under it all — what shall 1 eall it? — a 
will of her own. She is very lovely to look at. 

FEBRUARY 84 

Now Lent has come — a respite for which I am very 
grateful. I am going to do some serious reading and 
improve myself; I fear 1 have been very frivolous up 
to the present. Mathieu de Montmoreney has invited 
me to hunt at Compiegne. of which he is governor; I 
shall certainly avail myself of his kindness. If it were 
not that the King's horses were at his disposal and he 
offered to mount me. 1 would not be able to do so on 
account of the expense. 

MARCH 8 

I took Frances to the Palais Royal yesterday afternoon 
to see a little religious play acted by the children of the 
Hue d'Orleans. The Due de c /hartres* is now nearly 
twelve years old. and "Mile d'Orleans is nine. Some of 
the younger children also took part. The other aetors 
were children of the One d'Ksear and the Montmoreney 
children. It was really very pretty. After the little 
play all the children sat down to a simple dinner; we 
waited on them. Their aunt. Mile d'Orleans, is so 
charming, so simple and unaffected. She is very fond 

of father; I think it is that attracts me to her. 

* Duo dfi Chart res. son of the Due d'OrieWQS, born :it Palermo 

September 3, IS 10. 

ITS 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

MARCH 4 

Father has had some disquieting letters from America 
about Albert. lie has not shown them to me, nor has 
he told me of their contents, but I fear there is some 
trouble; Albert is so odd. I am very sorry, as I dislike 
to see father troubled. 

MARCH 7 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte has been much disappointed 
that she has not been able to arrange a marriage for her 
" Bo," whom she considers a prince of the House of the 
now fallen Bonapartes. Mr. Astor. in whom she has threat 
confidence, and who has been in Home, has informed 
her that she must not put any reliance in any members of 
the Bonaparte family. Madame mere is the most sincere 
and the Princesse Pauline Borghesi is absolutely unre- 
liable. Her friend, Lady Morgan, is also in Pome, and 
told her the same thing. She has written volumes to 
father asking his advice. She is really too bad, as she 
is certain not to act by it. lie has a great dislike for 
the Bonaparte family; of course the great brains and 
pluck of the first emperor he cannot but have admiration 
for. 

MARCH 9: COMHEGNE 

I have been here since yesterday, and finely lodged in the 
chateau. All are most civil and nice to me. We hunted 
all day to-day and I am tired out. Just going to bed. 

MARCH 18 

I came back to Paris yesterday after a most enjoyable 
visit. I am a little sorry I went for so long. I find father 
has been doing the copying of his own private letters and 
dispatches, which he will not allow any one to do with 
the exception of myself. We dine with the One and 
Duchesse de Lavalle. I have never seen their hotel, 
but father tells me it is the finest in Paris. 

179 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MARCH 14 

A most painful disclosure has been made. It seems 
the Duchesse de Berri told her Father-confessor that 
she was the instigator of all the bomb explosions, which 
were placed by her own people. He made her tell all 
this to the King. All the King said was, "Stop all 
further inquiry and try to forgive her." She is an 
Italian and a lover of intrigue. All this has made a most 
painful impression. 



MARCH 16, 1821 

I really do not know how it will end. Yesterday I was 
dining tete-a-tete with Madame S. — her husband being 
away, as she thought. Fortunately, she has a most 
discreet maid. She, hearing Monsieur S.'s carriage in 
the courtyard, rushed and warned us. I was just able 
to escape down the escalier de service. I went to the 
opera, and I suppose after the fright I had had nothing 
amused me, so I returned home. I am glad I did, as 
I found the house in an uproar. Poor Berthal had fallen 
down the whole flight of marble stairs. Frances says 
she is broken to bits. All I could see of her was her 
cap, which had at last fallen off and was sitting quietly 
on a hall chair. There is a surgeon and two doctors 
with her now. Of course mamma is very much worried; 
but this did not prevent her forbidding a priest to enter 
whom one of the servants had sent for. 



MARCH 19 

I forgot to write about the Lavalle dinner. It was abso- 
lutely superb — on a scale of magnificence quite equal to 
a Court entertainment. We sat down eighty at table, 
and the banquet lasted for four mortal hours. I counted 
thirty footmen. The Duchess was a very great heiress 
and the Duke was also very rich. 

180 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

MARCH 21 

I drove to St. -Cloud to-day in my curricle. It is begin- 
ning to rattle a bit. If we stop here much longer I 
must have a new one. Poor Mrs. P., of "Bologny" 
fame, died to-day. Mr. Livingstone returns from a very 
extensive tour and leaves for America at once. 

MARCH 25 

There is every prospect now of father either going home 
or going to London. The latter mamma would prefer, 
as she has now become quite reconciled to living abroad; 
in fact, I do not think she would care to return home at 
present. Father does not like London. He had a long 
conference with Pozzo di Borgo to-day. They are such 
close friends, and he thinks very highly of Pozzo's opinion. 
Lafayette dined here yesterday; he has aged con- 
siderably, but is always delightful. Father fears as he 
gets older he will be even more indiscreet than in his 
youth, or indeed more impulsive. 

MARCH 29 

Some very disagreeable communications from Mr. Adams 
to-day. I really think he, being now Secretary of State, 
is paying father up for imaginary wrongs when at Ghent. 
When I look back upon that time I am amazed that 
father bore so well with him and Mr. Clay; they were 
quarrelling like two spoiled children all the time. Father 
did all he could to restore peace between them, but it 
was of daily occurrence and most trying. I sometimes 
think we may return to live in Geneva and abandon 
America altogether. I, personally, would be delighted, 
but I fear we are not rich enough to do this. I must 
make some money; I cannot always be a drag on father. 

APRIL 1 

There is a smell of spring in the air to-day. Frances 
tried to fool me to-day, sending me a letter challenging 

181 



1881] DIARY OF JAMES CALL A PIN 

me to a duel. 1 recognised her handwriting at once. 
I did not say a word about it. She has boon worrying 
mamma for a lone time to buy her a spencer at Madame 
Le Vostris' in the Kuo dc la Paix; I have hoard of 
nothing else for weeks. So off to Madame L. I wont. 
Made her ih> me up a box with largo gold Letters with 
her addross on it. I bought a murderous-looking fish 
ami wrapped it in many papers. Imitating mamma's 
handwriting, 1 put a little note on top of the silk paper 
that she would soo the moment the cover was lifted. 
I timed the box to arrive while wo were at dinner. Great 
success. Frances opened the box. Only seeing the note, 
she rushed and hugged mamma, who 1 must say looked 
rather astonished. Rushing back to unpack her coveted 
spencer, as she thought, the smell of fish mot her nose. 
With a squeak (women always squeak^ she seized the 
fish ami made a dash for mo. but was too late. I was 
out of the window into the garden, the fish after mo. 
A long list of diplomatic dinners to bo got through. We 
are engaged for every day for two weeks. Father hates 
all this but is forced to accept. Mamma DOW, 1 think. 
loves those entertainments. She, like all women, loves 
dross. This gives her an opportunity to show otf her 
finery. 

APRIL 6 

There wore serious disturbances last evening at the 
Foole do Droit dc Paris; some rioting. The troops 
had to bo called out. What a mistake it is to bo dragged 
into a liaison, particularly with a married woman! If 
something does not happen 1 shall not have a hair on 
my head. 

APRIL 9 

Since the death of the Duo do Berri a groat change has 
certainly come over the jatmatM dorfe of Paris; not 
half so much entrain. I think ho really gave the impetus 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

to us all. I dined yesterday at the Trois Frfcres Proven- 

eeanxMn the Palais Royal with sumo boon companions. 
I do not know how it was. the dinner was excellent, the 
wine as well, but wo all seemed dull and depressed. I 
hardly dare own it. but I fear we are all blase. I com- 
menced a little too young to enjoy life. 1 have had a 
good seven years of it; and what I used to look on then 
as the height of enjoyment I now find tiresome. I try 
to take interest in the political questions of the daw 
1 read most carefully all the English as well as American 
papers that we receive and try to keep myself an coitrant 
of everything of importance. I believe one can train 
one's mind to serious matters. I certainly have wasted 
a lot of time. 

APRIL 10 

Have been taking Frances to see all the fine churches; 
I don't think she cares much about it. 

APRIL 18 

Father has presented me with a new curricle; it is 
painted yellow, which is much the vogue at present. . . . 

APRIL 15 

We are eating through our dinners. Oh, the bore of it 
all! 

APRIL 20 

A fine entertainment at Versailles with some Russian 
Grand Dukes. The King was not able to be present 
and Monsieur did the honours. The fountains were all 
playing. A splendid banquet. Looking out of one of 
the windows looking on the Cours d'Honneur, the whole 
scene seemed to be conjured up before me: the dames 
de la halle more like wild beasts, then women shouting 
and screaming, then dragging the coach with the unfor- 
* A restaurant only recently demolished. 
183 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

tunate King and Queen in it. As I was meditating on 
all this I felt a hand on my shoulder; it was the dear 
old Duke of Gordon. He said, "A penny for your 
thoughts." I blurted out exactly what had been passing 
through my mind. He then, really with much emotion, 
described the whole scene most vividly to me; pointed 
out exactly where he stood, the immense scorn and 
dignity of Marie Antoinette as she entered the coach, 
the horrible drive back to Paris. He said he did all he 
could, but he was absolutely powerless in the hands of 
the frenzied mob. He slipped his arm through mine 
saying, "It is better to try and bury unpleasant 
memories." We joined the Court in the Salle des Glaces. 

APRIL 21 

Father took me to-day to see Madame Condorcet, the 
widow of the Marquis Condorcet, the friend of Voltaire. 
She is only fifty-three but looks much older — one of the 
saddest faces I have ever seen. She welcomed us with 
effusion, taking both father's hands, holding them, and 
saying, "You knew my husband." She was a Mile 
de Grouchy. It seems they were an ideal couple. Her 
perfect character made Condorcet a believer in equal 
rights for women. Her only child is Madame O'Connor, 
the wife of General O'Connor. 

MAY 3 

Mr. Adams has been playing more of what I call "Yankee 
tricks"; he certainly is an impossible person. He is 
not a man of great force or intelligence, but his own 
opinion of himself is immense. I really think father, 
in a covert way, pulls his leg. I know he thinks little 
of his talents and less of his manners. 

MAY 21 

Frances is greatly excited as the time approaches for her 
to make her debut at Court. She came to me in rather 

184 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

a mysterious manner to-day and began to make much 
of me. I suspected there was something at the bottom 
of it, so said to her, "Out with it; what is it you want?" 
She is a little afraid of mamma. She wants me to 
persuade the latter to let her have a more elegant frock 
for Court. I promised to do my best. 

MAY 22 

Mamma is adamant. Frances is to wear what she 
decrees. Simplicity above all things. For a wonder, 
I quite agree with mamma. Frances is quite pretty 
enough and she needs but a very simple setting. I told 
her this and consoled her with a little judicious flattery 
about her skin, eyes, hair, &c. &c. She is but a woman. 

MAY 24 

The brothers Humboldt were at dejeuner to-day. For- 
merly I did not take any interest in their conversation, 
but it was quite different to-day. I was sorry when 
they retired. Father delights in their society. They 
certainly seem to appreciate him; for this I love them. 

JUNE 2 

Frances made her debut at Court last night. She cer- 
tainly did look very lovely. All I know of her dress — 
she was in white, a great big wreath of pink roses round 
her head. She was quite self-possessed and bore herself 
with much dignity. All the members of the Royal Family 
smiled on her. Driving home she burst into sobs. Poor 
child, I suppose it was the pent-up excitement. 

JUNE 10 

I have suffered a great deal lately with my arm; I fear 
it will be permanently stiff — I can hardly raise it now. 
I hope father will decide on Aix-en-Savoi, as I will then 
be able to go in for the cure. I am afraid rheumatism 
has settled in my arm. 

185 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JUNE U 

So little of interest to nvonl in my journal at present. 
1 seem now to think that the everyday occurrences of 
"the m/ond» u are not worth recording. Of course, 
anything of importance that 1 want to remember I 
make notes o1. If father should ever get hold of this 
diary 1 wonder what he will think of it. Mamma asked 
me to-day if I thought he was worrying about Albert. 
She does not think he at all approves of the life the latter 
is leading, lie does not seem to rare for people of his 
own elass -only farmers and their families. 

JUNE 80 

There have been rumours that the Emperor is ill at 

St. Helena. Nothing confirmed. 

JUL? u> 

The news has just arrived of the death of Napoleon. 
He died on May ">. 1 was much astonished at the way 
the news was received. The hero which the whole 
French nation had worshipped, whom all Europe had 
trembled before, it might have been an ordinary actor 
who had died. Really one could feel great disgust. 

A mighty man indeed he was with all his faults. The 
first 1 heard o( it was eried about the streets: " l,a 
Mort de Napoleon a St. Helena, deux sous." Oh, the 
irony of it ! 

JUL? IB 

The Bonapartists here show the greatest respeet to the 

Emperor, They have petitioned the King to allow the 

body to be brought to France and buried, but he will 
not hear of it. Father says it would be most unwise — 
that France is beginning to settle down after all the 
troubles she has gone through; that even the Emperor's 
body will excite enthusiasm in many and might lead 
to very serious results. Father received several letters 

L86 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

asking if he thought America would join in petitioning 

the King. It is really too absurd. What has America 
to do with it? Madame Patterson Bonaparte, won- 
derful to relate, has written to father full of praise of 
the dead Emperor. 

JULY 18 

An extraordinary thing has happened. Father wished 
for a document, and applied for it to the Due de Bassauo; 
the latter has all the copies of the archives of the Emperor. 
A document was sent, but not the one applied for; it 
was a copy of a Trianon Decree of August 5, 1810. This 
decree was entirely withheld from the American Minister. 
Had it been known there would not have been any war 
between England and America. It bears the same date 
of the Berlin and Milan decrees, which were to be revoked 
on November 1. Never before have 1 seen my father 
so angry; he absolutely lost control of himself and used 
the strongest language. The underhand meanness, the 
perfidy, injustice, so low and despicable. It was the 
Emperor's wish, evidently, to do all in his power to 
crush a young and rising nation. Father went at once 
to see the Due de Bassano, but on arriving there he 
could hardly say anything, he found the poor old Duke 
utterly crushed by the death of the Emperor. He 
evidently knew nothing of his mistake, so father did not 
undeceive him. He sent a copy of the decree to Mr. 
Adams with very strong remarks on the subject. 

GALLATIN to J. Q. ADAMS 

Paris, September 15, 1821 

Sir, 

[First part of letter omitted.] 

But the Trianon Decree was intended for the 

St. Sebastian, Amsterdam, and other cases of the same 

period. It is not a condemnation either in form or in 

substance, but it certainly announces the intention to 

187 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

condemn. It bears date the same day on which it was 
officially communicated to our Minister that the Berlin 
and Milan decrees would be revoked on the first day of 
the ensuing November; and no one can suppose that 
if it had been communicated or published at the same 
time the United States would, with respect to the promised 
revocation of the Berlin and Milan decrees, have taken 
that ground which ultimately led to the war with Great 
Britain. It is indeed unnecessary to comment on such 
a glaring act of combined injustice, bad faith, and mean- 
ness as the enacting and concealment of that decree 
exhibits; and I cannot suppose that it will ever be 
brought forward by this Government for the purpose 
of repelling our claims to indemnity, especially as the 
grounds assumed for the measure are evidently mere 
pretences and altogether untenable. Yet when I first 
conversed, in 1816, with the Due de Richelieu on the 
subject of our claims, he alluded to a statement prepared 
in his bureau for him, in which the Act of Congress of 
March 1809 was mentioned as having afforded cause for 
reprisals. 

The copy of the Trianon Decree was given to a friend 
of Mr. Parish by the Duke of Bassano, then Secretary 
of the Council. 

I enclose a Greek copy and a French translation of an 
appeal of the Greeks to the citizens of the United States. 
I have the honour, &c, 

Albert Gallatin 

Decision du 5 aout 1810* 

Vu le rapport ci-dessus fait au conseil de commerce 
et des manufactures, d'ou il resulte: 

(1) Que le Gouvernement de Etats-Unis ne s'est pas 

borne par son acte du ler mars, 1809, a ordonner qu'a 

dater du 20 mai suivant les bailments et marchandises 

francaises qui entreraient dans les ports seraient mis 

* For translation see Appendix III. 

188 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

sous le sequestre, mais qu'il a ordonne la confiscation des 
dits bailments et marchandises: 

(2) Qu'il a etabli par le meme acte que lorsque les com- 
munications avec le France viendraient a se retablir, les 
confiscations continueraient a avoir leur cffct: 

(3) Que Vacte du \er mars, 1809, a ete mis en execution 
toutes les fois que I'occasion s'e?i est presentee, nonseule- 
ment contre les marchandises, mais aussi contre les bail- 
ments francais: 

Nous avons ordonne et ordonnons ce qui suit 

(1) Les fonds provenants des rentes des marchandises 
amcricaines qui out etc effectuees jusqu'a ce jour, et dont 
le mordant avail ete mis en depot a la caisse d'amortisse- 
ment, seront transporter an trSsor public. 

(2) Les marchandises americaines qui sont mis sous 
le sequestre seront mises en vente, et les fonds en provenants 
verses au tresor public. 

(3) Ijes batiments ameri 'coins sur le soil desquels il 
n'avait point ete statue jusqu'a ce jour, seront egalement 
mis en vente et les fonds en provenants verses au tresor 
public. 

(4) Attendu que Vacte des Etats-Unis du \er mars, 
1809, ne coniient aucune disposition contre les equipages 
de nos batiments, roulant toujours traiter les Etats-Unis 
aussi favorablemcnt quil est possible, et n'usant qu'a 
regret du droit de represaiUe a leur egard, nous entendons 
que les equipages des batiments americains entres dans 
nos ports ne soient point consideres comme prisonniers, 
mais soient envoyes dans leur patrie. 

(5) Les dispositions ci-dessus seront executees a V egard 
de tons les batiments americains entres et sequestres dans 
nos ports depuis le 20 mars 1809, jusqu'au \er mai de la 
presente annee 1810, date de Vacte par lequel les Etats- 
Unis ont revoque celui du \er jnars, 1809. 

(6) A Vavenir et jusqu'au \er novembre prochain, 
ipoque fixee par la lettre de notre ministre des relations 

189 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

exterieures au plenipotentiaire des Etats-Unis pour la 
revocation de nos decrets de Berlin et de Milan (dans 
le cas ou les conditions etablies dans la dite lettre seraient 
remplies), les navires americains pourront entrer dans 
nos ports; mais leur dechargement ne pourra avoir lieu, 
a moins qu'ils ne soient munis d'une licence signee de 
notre main, que sur un rapport fait en conseil de com- 
merce, constatant qu'ils n'ont pas ete denationalises par 
leur soumission aux arrets du conseil Britannique, et 
quits n'ont point contrevenu a nos decrets de Berlin et 
de Milan. 

En notre palais de Trianon, le 5 aout, 1810. 

(Signe) Napoleon 
JULY 

Madame Recamier has closed her salon for the present. 
Most of the adherents of the Bonapartists are in the 
deepest mourning. Surely it is the least they can do, 
considering the Emperor picked most of them out of 
the mud and made them rich and noble. Joseph Bona- 
parte seems to have saved an immense fortune; he is 
living in luxury in America. Some of those wretched 
Murats are also there. 

JULY 

As Frances has been presented at Court, mamma now 
takes her to balls, &c. It is very trying for her. I am 
glad to say Frances is far prettier than I thought she 
would be, and I am very proud to have such a pretty 
sister. I do hope she will make a good marriage and 
not have to go back to America. We have to go to 
some waters for mamma's rheumatism. I think Aix-en- 
Savoi will be the place decided on. The baths are good 
but primitive. It is near Geneva. Also we have 
relations in the neighbourhood. 

AUGUST 1: AIX-EN-SAVOI 

We are comfortably installed here in a little villa they 
supply us with. Both mamma and myself are taking a cure 

190 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1821 

for rheumatism. Father only remained a few days to 
see us settled and then went to Geneva; it is so close. 
He is staying with the Navilles. This is a beautiful 
country but very hot. The Lac du Bourget is about a 
mile from here. I have hired a boat and take Frances 
out fishing with me. It is such a rest after Paris. We 
have some friends from Geneva; the de Sellons from 
Allaman are also here. The Monastery of Hautecombe 
is on the other side of the lake. It is the burial-place 
of the Dukes of Savoy and their families; and they 
also used to live in a part of the monastery. There is a 
long terrace on it about ten to twenty feet above the 
lake. The story is that the ladies of the House of Savoy 
used to fish from this terrace, that there were men in 
boats below who placed live fish on their hooks and 
then gave a little jerk — much to the delight of the ladies, 
who thought they were fine fisherwomen. My arm is 
much better; I can raise it quite high already. Very 
much troubled by flies, which sting. The grapes are 
ripe, and we pay fifty centimes to go into a vineyard 
and eat as many as we like. 

OCTOBER 

Aix did mamma good, and now we are installed for the 
winter. Father fears there will be poor results re Indem- 
nity from France. He says the Ministry play with him 
and are continually changing their tactics. He really 
thinks he ought to return to America and enter into 
more active life. He likes his life here; it all suits him, 
but he feels he is wasting time. He is continually being 
urged to enter public life again in America; he will 
not, I think. The whole system of political life in 
America has undergone a change, and he feels it will be 
most distasteful to him. 

NOVEMBER 10 

Poor Albertine de Broglie is in great trouble as she has 
lost her baby — fortunately, the youngest one. I have 

191 



1821] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

to relieve mamma, taking Frances to balls, &c. Madame 
S. returns to-day. 

NOVEMBER 12 

Ball at the Palais Royale. Frances looked lovely and 
was very much admired; she danced every dance. I 
love to see her enjoying herself. Of course, Madame 
de Boigne had to say something disagreeable to mamma. 
Looking at Frances, who was dancing with La Roche- 
foucauld, she said, "I see you have brought your daughter 
up a VAnglaise." "No, a V Americaine," said mamma, 
with a strong stare at the opposite wall. Bravo, mamma ! 
I told father when we arrived home; he laughed, which 
is rare for him. Frances says she will not marry any 
man who does not propose to her personally and not to 
her parents. She says she is not an object of barter. 
I consider her a most advanced young woman. A serious 
row with Madame S. May it be the end, but I doubt it. 

NOVEMBER 26 

Father has been much vexed by some letters from Mr. 
Adams, who is now Secretary of State. It is all on 
account of the seizure of a French ship called the Apollon 
in the St. Mary's River on the Spanish side, for evading 
the navigation laws. Father thinks it is a high-handed 
action and unjustifiable. He has taken his own line 
with the French Government in entire opposition to 
Mr. Adams. What amazed Mr. Adams was that father 
wrote to him that he considered his argument of the 
case, as well as his own, not worth a straw. At times 
he certainly is an extraordinary contradiction. Un- 
doubtedly father has far superior talent to Mr. Adams, 
and likes playing the latter as a cat does a mouse. 
Father, although he never admits it, I am certain feels 
very deeply the gross injustice and prejudice that shuts 
the door of the Presidency to him simply because he 
was not born in America. Although he tries to disguise 

192 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

it, he has a strong belief in the superiority of European 
intellect. He looks upon the American-born politicians 
as a lot of rough colts who want breaking in. Not one 
of them has had the early training that he has — brought 
up, as he was, among the flower of intellectual men. The 
Americans have great intellect and brains but they are 
untrained. What can be expected of them? 

DECEMBER 25 

Christmas again. We are having a large party for 
Frances. Already three fathers have appeared in orthodox 
costume to formally demand her hand for their respective 
sons. She will have none of them. The Duchesse de 
Broglie has pressed one suit, but Frances is obstinate. 
I tell her she must not be too particular. 

DECEMBER 26 

Everything went off very well. Now that Frances has 
grown up we have put aside fooling, but really it is not 
half as amusing. Our cousins the Gallatins are giving 
a Twelfth-Night party for Frances. 

DECEMBER 31 

I have been counting up my money for my etrennes 
to-morrow. I will have exactly 150 left after all the 
servants are tipped. It is a bad custom. Mamma 
always has a nest-egg, so I will have to draw on her. 
Good-bye, Old Year. Off to an old-fashioned reveillon. 
Dear old diary ! Much as I have confidence in your 
discretion, I will not record where I am going or who my 
companions are to be. 

JANUARY 1, 1822 

We are quite worn out with all the duties we have had to 
perform. The long time we are kept standing at Court 
is most trying. The King paid marked attention to 
father yesterday, so did Monsieur. The Duchesse d'An- 

193 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

gouleme, who on many occasions has noticed Frances, 
asked if it was true that she was fiancee. 
To-night a ball at the Palais Royale. 
Monsieur de Richelieu looks very ill. He is still pur- 
sued by the Queen of Sweden, it is really too absurd; 
she makes him as well as herself the laughing-stock of 
Paris. We are bidden to a reception at Madame Re- 
camier's for the 10th. Madame Bonaparte arrives in a 
few days. 

JANUARY 11 

A delightful evening at Madame Recamier's. The 
funniest sight was the Queen of Sweden; she was dressed 
in a most extraordinary manner — I never saw a person so 
absolutely out of place; she looks more fit to be behind 
the counter of a tallow-chandler's than in a salon. We 
have had some very nice Americans here lately. A Mr. 
Ogle-Taylor and Mr. Livingstone, both men of education 
and polished manners; the latter was very anxious for 
me to go to Italy with him, but I could not be spared. 

JANUARY 12 

Madame Bonaparte dined with us yesterday, she is 
really more brilliant than ever, a little embittered perhaps, 
particularly against the Catons, they are her bete noire 
for the moment. Her sister-in-law, Mrs. Robert Patterson, 
nee Caton, came in for her full share. It seems that the 
Duke of Wellington writes to her every week, and there 
is much scandal about their relationship. 
Father has told Madame Bonaparte there will always be 
a convert for her at our table. We were all rather 
astonished at this, for he does not often show such marked 
hospitality, particularly to Americans. He feels very 
sorry for her, and thinks she has been badly treated; 
that she is a woman of brilliant intellect, but that her 
troubles have quite ruined what might have been a most 
delightful personage, as well as a power. 

194 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
JANUARY 13 

Fine skating in the Bois de Boulogne to-day. I took 
Frances; she got on wonderfully well as she had learned 
to skate in America when she was a child. She looked 
very lovely, mamma dresses her so well. With the exer- 
cise of skating she had the most brilliant colour in her 
cheeks. One horrible old woman went up to her and 
rubbed her cheeks with her pocket-handkerchief, saying, 
"Tiens, ce n'est pas du rouge." I think some of the 
French ladies were shocked that mamma was not with us. 
Princesse Galitzin had kindly offered to chaperone Frances. 
It is really too absurd that now she is grown up she is 
not allowed to drive alone with me; it is not that either 
mamma or father object, but it would be considered 
quite wrong, the argument being that everybody did 
not know that I was her brother. In fact, I cannot walk 
with her alone, without one of our footmen following. 
A very fine ball at the Carillion-Latours. I very much 
pitied poor mamma, she had to sit waiting for Frances 
until the early hours of the morning. 

JANUARY 14 

The King has been failing very fast; they say for the 
moment he is very much better. A ball at Court on the 
16th. In fact, I do not think there is a single night that we 
are not engaged till Lent. Madame Bonaparte takes 
great interest in Frances, and says with her beauty she 
ought to make a great marriage. I fear the latter has 
but little ambition. 

JANUARY 15 

Mr. Crawford is urging father to return to America, as he 
wants him to use his influence for the vote of the State 
of Pennsylvania for the Presidency. Father has not the 
slightest intention of doing so, and does not think Craw- 
ford has the slightest chance. The President wishes 
father to remain in Paris, and he willingly agrees to this. 

195 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

In fact, I think he wants to hold himself aloof from 
politics in America. He often talks of building a fine 
house in New Geneva; he already has a small brick one 
there. I cannot understand this new idea of his: to wish 
to bury himself in the wilds of Western Virginia; to take 
poor mamma there after the life she has led in Paris. She 
detests the country; of course we never disagree with 
him or contradict anything he says. I think it may be 
sentiment. He pictures New Geneva as a new Eldorado. 
Of course Frances will marry. So will I. He cannot ex- 
pect me to live in idleness in the backwoods of America. 
Practically he and mamma are to be quite alone. Albert 
may stop with them, but I doubt it. I had an odd letter 
from him yesterday. He evidently is in some entangle- 
ment with a farmer's daughter; he begs me not to mention 
it to anybody. It is so strange that he always liked low 
company. It is a great pity, I think, that father did not 
send him to Geneva to be educated. The people he 
mixes with are of the lowest class, totally without educa- 
tion or manners. I cannot understand where he inherits 
his low tastes from, certainly not from father's family; 
nor have I ever heard of a Nicholson who was not a gentle- 
man. Albert has a brain, in fact in his way is very clever. 
I fear now it's too late to make any change in him. 

JANUARY 16 

I took Madame de R. into supper last night at the Russian 
Embassy. She is very witty and does not hesitate to 
express her opinion in the most clear terms a mauvaise 
langue. I am rather afraid of her. During our con- 
versation I asked her if she knew the reason why Madame 
X. had such success: the very best people fighting for 
invitations to her entertainments, although she had 
neither beauty nor wit, was really dull and vulgar. 
"There you are wrong," she answered. "She has much 
more than wit or beauty, tact. When I dine or sup with 
her, she puts my reigning amani on my right and the one 

196 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

I hope to succeed him on my left. What does a woman 
want more? Now do you wonder at her success?" 



FRIDAY 

Mrs. Robert Patterson dined with us on Thursday; she is 
really beautiful and has a wonderful charm of manner. 
Her one topic of conversation is the Duke of Wellington. 
They say he allows her 100,000 francs a year; at least 
so says Madame Bonaparte. Her jewels are very fine. 
Madame B. says they are mostly imitation, but I think 
it is a case of sour grapes. 

JANUARY 18 

Father has refused the office of President of the Bank of 
the United States, which was kindly offered to him. 
He has the fixed idea in his head to lead an absolutely 
retired life when he returns to America. I can hardly 
credit it and think it is but a passing fancy. Monsieur 
de Lafayette, Pozzo di Borgo, all beg him to remain in 
Paris. 



JANUARY 20 

I took Frances to a ball at the Gay de Lussacs' last night, 
mamma was not well. She had written to the Comtesse 
de Gallatin if she would chaperone Frances. On our 
arrival I could not find any of the Gallatin family, and 
really did not know what to do — at 12 o'clock the 
Countess appeared. It seems that they had a bad 
accident, one of the horses having fallen, dragging the 
other one with it and overturning the coach; one of her 
daughters was badly cut on the neck and face. She made 
all haste, after her daughter had been attended to, to come 
to the ball, on account of Frances — it was most kind of her. 
I would not allow her to stop late as I know she must be 
anxious to get home, so we retired at 1 o'clock. 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JANUARY 21 

Skating all day; it is an exercise I love. Had a bad fall 
with Katinka Galitzin, and am sorry to say that the blade 
of my skate tore her coat and cut her arm. After her 
mother had bound it up, she insisted on returning to the 
ice and skated until dark. If the frost holds we are 
going to have a grand fete de nuit on the ice in a couple of 
days; the Due and Duchesse d'Orleans have promised 
to be present; a quete will be made for charity. 

JANUARY 22 

Louise, of kitten fame, gave birth to a fine boy yesterday. 
I am the parrain and Frances the marraine. Mamma 
does not approve but father does. Of course we asked 
him first and mamma never goes against his will. 

JANUARY 24, 1822 

The frost held; in fact it is freezing still. The fete de 
nuit was a grand success. It was beautifully arranged 
on the Petit Lac. Wreaths and wreaths of lanterns 
made it quite light enough to see everything and every- 
body. Sledges in every shape and form hung with 
lanterns. Some with most grotesque heads. The Due 
and Duchesse d'Orleans and the Due de Chartres arrived 
at 9 o'clock. They were conducted to a raised plat- 
form on which was a species of divan covered with fine 
fur rugs. All fashionable Paris was there as it was a 
novelty. I was on the committee of arrangement. We 
had hired some Swedish skaters to give a performance in 
costume, which they did at 10.30. We had a retraite aux 
lanternes, over six hundred joined in it; everybody had a 
stick with a Chinese lantern on it. Some of the men had 
poles of wood about two feet from each shoulder with 
lanterns on each end. There were fifty men two by two 
holding bentwood frames with lanthorns, two fine mili- 
tary bands played, and, for the retraite, we had the Corps 
de Chasse from Compiegne and Fontainebleau. The 

198 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

royalties retired at 11.30. A most successful fete. 
The proceeds collected amounted to about 7000 francs. 
I forgot to mention we had coloured fires burning at 
intervals: red, green and yellow. All the way from the 
Petit Lac, at an interval of four feet apart, were stationed 
soldiers holding blazing torches to light the way, this 
extended as far as the Champs Elysees. 

JANUARY 25 

I was so tired this morning, and stiff from skating. Father 
had some writing for me to do. I took it over to a table 
in a window in his room. I made a brave start but I 
suppose I was overcome with fatigue and the warmth 
of the room combined. I was awakened by the sound of 
the gong for dejeuner. I found a cushion had been 
placed under my head. Father stood by me smiling, 
and said, "I hope you had a good sleep, my petit vaurien." 
I made every excuse, but he only laughingly said, " Come 
to breakfast, and finish your writing this afternoon." 

JANUARY 27 

Mamma called me into her boudoir this morning; she 
said she wished to have a serious conversation with me. 
She began by asking why I had not written to my aunt, 
Mrs. Montgomery, in America; that I had neglected her 
terribly, &c. &c. Now as I had never written to this 
respected lady in my life, I was at a loss for an answer. 
By degrees it all came out. It seems that Mrs. Montgom- 
ery is rich, has no heir; mamma thought I might stand 
a chance. I at once consented to do so. I wrote a letter 
in a burlesque style. Knowing Mrs. M. to be a violent 
republican, I abused and ridiculed everything that had 
to do with a republic; that I hoped Americans would 
come to their senses and have a king; that I hoped 
that I never would be obliged to return to the land of 
the free. I showed the letter to mamma. After reading 
it she stamped her foot, a bad sign, and threw the letter 

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18*2] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

I had taken so much pains with into the fire. I don't 
think she will ever ask me to write another. I hate 
humbug and don't want anybody's money. 

JANUARY 29 

Madame Patterson Bonaparte dined with us yesterday, as 
well as her sister, Mrs. Robert Patterson. Mathieu de la 
Rochefoucauld, the Alfieris and several others. Madame 
B. was as usual brilliant, and kept the whole table alive 
with her witticisms. Pozzo di Borgo, who was also one of 
the guests, said, " Really, Madame Bonaparte, you should 
have been a man: you would have been a diplomatist." 

FEBRUARY 1 

Very serious trouble I fear is brewing for me with Madame 
S. If this diary falls into the hands of any young man 
beginning his career, may I warn him never to have an 
intrigue with a married woman. 
Off to Fontainebleau to hunt to-morrow. 

FEBRUARY 3 

We had a poor day, as it had frozen hard in the night. 

I stuck one pig, quite a youngster, who squealed like a 

baby. A very large party. The usual " curee." Nothing 

very much to record. I had to leave early this morning, 

as I knew there would be business for me to attend to for 

father. 

FEBRUARY 5 

The King is now entirely in the power of Madame du 
Cayla;* he does nothing without asking her advice. There 
has been a great deal of intriguing about the post of 
Archbishop of Paris. Monsieur du Quellon, I believe, 
will be appointed, he is very young for such a post. 

* Zoe Talon, Comtesse du Cayla, born 1784, died 1850, daughter of 
a secret agent employed before the Restoration. Mistress of Louis 
XVIII, whom she dominated. 

200 




ALBERT GALLATIN 
Painted uy Madame Meonieb-Romilly, Geneva, Jancaby, 1815 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

FEBRUARY 7 

Mr. Astor has been pressing father to accept the Presi- 
dency of the United States Bank, but he will not hear of it. 
He had rather a disagreeable experience to-day. Some 
most extraordinary Americans called. The rule is for 
them simply to write their names and addresses, but they 
insisted upon seeing father. He received them with 
great civility, but the moment they commenced to speak 
I gauged what sort of people they were. They did not 
request father to present them at Court, but absolutely 
demanded it as a right. Now he has made it a rule not 
to present anybody unless they hold some distinguished 
position in their own country. These people were abso- 
lutely impossible. Father quietly but firmly said, "I 
regret not being able to present you." They demanded 
the reason why in the most insolent manner. Father 
rang the bell, and when the footman appeared simply 
said, "Show these gentlemen to the door." They 
commenced to use the most disgraceful language. I 
with the help of Mr. Sheldon insisted upon their leaving. 
Father with a bow left the room by another door. It is 
really dreadful he should be subjected to such indignity. 
He has now given an order that in future nobody is to be 
ushered into his presence without first being interviewed 
by Mr. Sheldon or myself. 

FEBRUARY 12 

There seem to be internal troubles all over France. Mon- 
sieur is suspected of starting the agitation. They say 
the Due d'Orleans is also stirring up discontent. 
I do not even intend looking at the Carnival this year, 
much less taking part in it. I suppose I have sown about 
one-half or, say, three-quarters of my wild oats. I am 
glad that father and I are on the best of terms, and I am 
quite convinced we always will be. Madame Bonaparte 
dines here continually; she is certainly a most delightful 
and entertaining person. I rarely hear her say an ill— 

201 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

word of anybody, with the exception of the Catons and 
of her husband; she certainly has reason in that quarter 
after the treatment she has received at his hands. 

FEBRUARY 13 

Father had a private audience of the King to-day. I 
accompanied him as I always do. To our amazement 
when we were ushered into the presence, Madame du 
Cayla was present and did not retire; she seems to hold 
absolute sway over him. He actually appealed to her 
for her opinion on matters political which she certainly 
had no knowledge of. 

Driving home father expressed his disgust, and said 
it was high time he abdicated if he was governed by a 
woman. It has always been the same thing with the 
Bourbons; in their old age some intriguing woman has 
governed them. 

Very cold: if the frost holds we will have skating to- 
morrow. 

FEBRUARY 15 

I have been skating the last two days on the Petit Lac. . . . 

FEBRUARY 17 

Katinka Galitzin was married to-day to Caumont la 
Force. The contract for the marriage was signed last 
night. A great crush, splendid corbeille de manage. 
The family jewels, which are those of the Due de la Force, 
magnificent. There were two ceremonies, a Russian 
one in the Chapel of the Embassy, and the Catholic one 
at St. Pierre de Challiot. I was present at both. I will 
miss her very much as we were really such good friends. 
I will always have a soft spot in my heart for her. 

FEBRUARY 20 

There are extraordinary accounts, about his Most 
Gracious Majesty King George the Fourth, from England, 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

all the scandal about Queen Caroline, it is certainly very 
disgraceful. He moves under the absolute sway of Lady 
Conyngham. 1 was weak enough last night to allow myself 
to be dragged oft" to a supper. I am glad to say I was 
bored and returned home early. I think father was rather 
shocked when he was told that Pozzo di Borgo was on the 
Committee of "Crockfords," but Russians are all born 
gamblers. It seems that immense fortunes change hands 
nightly at this establishment, which is in St. James's 
Street, opposite Mr. White's. The man who started it 
has already realized a large fortune. Some of the heavy 
gamblers wear large straw hats, pulled well over their 
eyes: this is to conceal their features so that no one can see 
their expression when they are winning or losing. Thank 
God, I have not the slightest temptation to gamble — 
about my one and only virtue. Here in Paris play is not 
so very high, and is not indulged in by the higher classes 
to any very great extent. Lent is here, which means 
quiet and plenty of leisure. I am now studying banking 
systems, both English, American and French. The Alex- 
ander Barings come to us to-morrow for a week. They 
are both so charming. It is a great pleasure for mamma 
to have Mrs. Baring as she is an American and so sympa- 
thetic. He and father are always engaged in financial 
questions in which they are both absorbed. 

MAY 18* 

The Due de Richelieu has been looking very ill, he 
died suddenly yesterday. He had come from Versailles 
to Paris the day before. His sister was with him. 
Several doctors were called in, but without avail. He 
died gently in his sleep. Father is much distressed as 
he had the highest opinion of him, of his wonderful 
honesty, and of his devotion to France. 

*From February 20 until May 18 the diary has been destroyed. 
— Editor. 

203 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

MAY 25 

The Queen of Sweden is making herself quite ridiculous. 
The Due only spoke to her twice in his life. She has 
even been to the King with her lamentations. 

MAY 30 

The Due d'Angouleme is the only member of the Royal 
Family who seems to show any regret. It is disgusting, 
as he gave his life to his country. 

I have had my own troubles lately — result, a boy which 
father in his large-minded manner has provided for. 
Madame S. is to live in Switzerland, her husband has 
repudiated her. Was there ever such a father as mine? 
He has never mentioned the matter to me but, after he 
had arranged everything, last night on retiring to my 
room, I found a letter on my table. It was couched in 
the kindest terms. He informed me he had settled 
everything, and that the subject would never be men- 
tioned by him, that mamma was in total ignorance of it. 
God bless him ! 

The question of the navigation with the United States 
has been discussed in the Chamber. Father is not quite 
satisfied. Monsieur de Chateaubriand seems to ignore 
everything. He has not even answered our notes lately; 
it is really very exasperating. Nearly six years wasted. 

JUNE 2 

We have organized a new form of amusement; at least the 
Gay de Lussacs promulgated the idea. We drive out to 
St. Germain leaving Paris about 5 o'clock. A picnic din- 
ner at the Pavilion Henri Quatre, then dancing, singing, 
&c, until 10.30, then a drive home by moonlight. Several 
of Frances' friends. Mamma took two very nice American 
girls, Misses Thorne, the Gallatins, and their daughters. 
The English Ambassadress brought four very nice Eng- 
lish girls, about ten married couples going and a host of 
men. It was a great success and we have agreed to 

204 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

repeat it every week. Each pays his own share. I 
feel now as free as the ;iir, since I have got rid of Madame 
S.: it may be ingratitude, but I always feel so ashamed 
of myself. I believe most of the French mammas 
refused at (irst to join the St. Germain parties, but I 
believe before long we will have many more joining 
us. My miniature is very good and I have given it 
to mamma. 



JUNE 3 

Just after dejeuner to-day we heard a great noise in the 
servants' quarters. As it continued mamma rang and 
Monsieur Carol) the maitre (V hotel appeared, crimson in 
face. lie begged that I would be allowed to Come down 
and see what had happened: the spectacle that met my 
eyes when I reached the kitchen is indescribable. Poor 
Mamie Kitty, the nigger cook, had made some waffles 
for dejeuner; one of the footmen, out of sheer mischief, 
had taken the remainder of the paste, and with the aid of 
two of the kitchen wenches, who had held Mamie, they 
had smeared her head and face with the white hominy 
paste and had sprinkled flour over it, turning her into a 
white woman. She lost her temper and when she was free 
made a dash for him and literally had torn his clothes 
off. There he was, clothed as he came into the world, 
standing behind a large table, while Mamie was trying 
to belabour him with a rolling-pin. The moment I spoke 
to her she dropped the pin and went on her knees and 
began Baying, "Oh Jesus forgive a poor nigger." If it 
had not been so pathetic I would have laughed. It 
seemed to sober all the servants who were assembled. 
I told her to get up, and taking her by the hand took her 
straight upstairs to mamma. The poor old dear was 
trembling and wailing. Mamma made her tell her story: 
although she did not at all approve she told Mamie 
that it was only meant in fun. Frances took her up to 

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i822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

her maid to be cleansed; the poor old soul sat moaning 
all the rest of the day. Father will interview all those 
who took part to-morrow and will see that the delinquents 
are punished. I felt so sorry for her as she kept repeating, 
"I am only a poor old nigger and God made me black. 
I am a miserable old sinner." 

JUNE 4 

Much to our surprise Monsieur and Madame d'Osmond 
have bidden us to dinner for the 10th. Mamma is quite 
flurried, as she says she has worn all her frocks out and 
she has no time to have one arranged. Father gave her 
five hundred francs and said, " Get yourself and Frances the 
finest 'war paint' that that can purchase." The young 
footman was very contrite and begged not to be dismissed. 
Father told him he must apologize to Mamie Kitty and 
beg her pardon before all the servants, and that he would 
be present — the footman, George by name, did so, and the 
poor old woman threw her arms around his neck and 
gave him two ringing kisses: I think he was sufficiently 
punished. 

JUNE 5 

At the opera last night I spied a charming and mysterious- 
looking lady in a frilled peignoir. Every time I looked 
at her she put up her fan, but I saw her peeping between 
the sticks. I waited at the finish close to the exit of her 
loge; she made the slightest sign to me, the very slightest, 
for me to follow her. In the crowd I saw her put her hand 
behind her back. I edged near to her and saw there was 
a piece of paper in it; watched my opportunity, and 
covering her hand took it. As soon as I got the chance 
I opened the little three-cornered note, only a few 
lines — "28 rue Boissy d'Anglas — minuit demain." I am 
sorely puzzled — I thought I knew toutes ces dame-' 
by sight. A splendid footman met her and put her 
into a fine coach — a demain, but I am intrigued. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

JUNE 5 

I had a batch of letters to copy this morning which kept 
me very busy. Mr. Crawford is still writing to father 
begging him to come home, on account of the elections: 
the latter says if he does so he will be again drawn into 
political life, which is undesirable. I am thinking of 
to-night and wondering. I met some of my intimes 
this afternoon, but thought it wiser not to mention my 
adventure to them. I am dining at the Cafe Anglais 
with Guy de Montesquieu and the lady he protects. Will 
look in at the opera to while away the time till mid- 
night. 

JUNE 6 

I am disgusted with myself. On the tiptoe of expectation 
I arrived at No. 28. All was darkness. I waited for a 
few moments, when the small door of the porte-cochere 
opened and a hand beckoned me in. The moment the 
door closed there was a brilliant light, two footmen in 
the hall, and I saw several other cloaks and hats: the 
mystery was soon solved, tout bonnement — a gambling 
house. I was ushered into a superb salon, the rattle 
of dice assailed my ear and my charmer stepped forward 
to greet me. I might have known, as the police are so 
down on maisons de jeu at present. Not a soul I had 
ever seen before: that struck me as quite extraordinary. 
I must be getting old ! No more aventures galantes 
seem to come in my way. I did not play and soon retired, 
evidently much to the disgust of my hostess. 

JUNE 10 

We have been very quiet for the last few days. To-day 
is the dinner at the Osmonds'. Albertine de Broglie 
came to dejeuner to-day to eat American food. I do not 
think she really cared for it, but was too polite to say so. 
Albert has written that the house is getting on famously. 
We certainly must be returning soon. 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JUNE 11 

I must acknowledge the dinner at the Osmonds' was superb. 
We were forty and the fine fleur of society. Madame 
de Boigne in her own house is an excellent hostess. I 
escorted a very pretty woman to dinner — a Comtesse 
Chabot: she had passed much of her life in England and 
longed to go back there to live, which is rare for a 
Frenchwoman. Lady Westmoreland, a handsome Lady 
Fane, the English Ambassador, a son of the Countess of 
Sutherland, whom I met at Coppet, I think it was in 1815. 
After dinner, which lasted three mortal hours, we retired 
to the ball-room. There was a raised estrade, and 
Malibran sang. I went rather late to the Spanish 
Embassy. Father was too tired to go. A great crowd — 
the "Nuncio" as usual. 

JUNE 14 

We had one of our jaunts to St. Cloud yesterday, a much 
larger company and most enjoyable. 

JUNE 15 

Very hot, I sat at Tortoni's until supper-time eating ice- 
creams, which I really think made me hotter. 

JUNE 20 

A catastrophe this morning: poor mamma sprained her 
ankle and will not be able to move for at least a month. 
Her feet are very small, and as she is short she wears very 
high heels — not being quite as light as she was her ankles 
easily turn. Countess de Gallatin called to-day. She 
is getting up some little plays and wants to enlist Frances 
and myself in her company. Father gave his permission 
for Frances. I have never acted, but am going to see 
what I can do. I am cast for a little play called "Un 
Mari en 1815." I am to be a soldier bold, six women in 
the cast. I am the only man. Like a rooster in a 
farmyard. 

208 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 
JUNE 22 

Our first rehearsal to-day. I fear we all laughed so much 
that little progress was made. I have to kiss two of the 
girls— my daughters. This we did not rehearse. 

JUNE 24 

Second rehearsal to-day. It went much better as now 
we haye some idea of our roles. There is no doubt 
father intends going home soon. I will be glad in one 
way, but very sorry to leave my befoved Paris. Puysegur 
and Montesquieu misbehaved so much to-day at rehearsal 
that Madame de Gallatin threatened to get substitutes 
for them — they both are very funny. 

JUNE 25 

A reception at the Palais Royal to-night and a Court 
ball on the 29th. How sick I am of these entertainments. 
We have a dinner-party to-morrow. Mamma has a 
wheeled chair, so can be present. The invitations were 
launched before her accident. 

Mormornsen had six more kittens to-day, father un- 
known. Glorious weather. I drove father for the first 
time in my curricle to-day. He enjoyed it very much. 
He and I dine at the English Embassy on Wednesday. 
Mamma has begged to be excused. 

JUNE 26 

The reception at the Palais Royal was far more amusing 
than I thought it would be: a great many English 
friends that the Orleans family had made in England. It 
ended in a dance. 

JUNE 28 

Our dinner was a great success. It was for the Osmonds. 
Father ^ insisted that Monsieur de Lafayette should 
be invited. He made himself most agreeable. The 
Osmonds have always kept up their relations with him. 

209 



1833] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JUNE 30 

A very grand hall at the Tuilleries. I enjoyed it although 
I was very fatigued, having rehearsed for four mortal 
hours. 

JULY 2 

A very long and stately dinner at the English Em- 
bassy. Mr. and Mrs. Baring were of the guests. Nea- 
politan singers in the garden, sang during dinner. Some- 
times I feel I never want to dine out again. Why do 
people want to meet together to eat? 

JULY 4 

Father received as usual all the Americans in Paris to-day, 
all sorts and all kinds — a motley crew. Buffet in the 
garden. I will go to bed early. 

JULY 6 

Our last rehearsal to-night — some people are coming so as 
to give us confidence. Very warm — Frances very excited. 
Mamma is a little nervous about her acting when she 
cannot be present. Father has promised to take her 
not only to-night but to-morrow as well. I am afraid 
he will be bored. 

JULY 8 

All went off capitally. In the first play Frances looked 
lovely and really acted so well. I saw father laughing. 
I was indeed a warrior bold. My six young ladies were 
one more charming than the other, unfortunately I was 
made up as an old man — that seemed to put them 
quite at their ease. Puysegur drank too much 
champagne and forgot every word of his role, but I don't 
think the audience noticed it. We were all very merry: 
the great drawback was the heat and the smell of the oil 
lamps on the rampe. 

210 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

JULY 10 

Most people are leaving Paris now. Mamma's so much 
better that she drives out to St. Cloud and St. Germain. 
Hardly any entertaining. The Court is at St. Cloud. 
The Duchesse d' Angouleme loves it, but nothing will induce 
her to go to Versailles. I am not surprised — the memories 
would be terrible for her. The King is worse. Madame 
du Cayla absolutely rules him with a rod of iron. Albert 
has had measles, but is well again. My aunt Few went 
and fetched him to her home in Baltimore and nursed him. 
Mamma is still a little anxious about him. It takes so 
long to get an answer to a letter. 

JULY 14 

Intolerably hot. I have been to the baths in the Seine 
all day trying to keep cool. Our garden is nice with 
some shady trees. 



JULY 16 

Have been trying to read in the garden, but the com- 
bination of flies and the heat was too much for me, so 
darkened my room and went to sleep. After supper 
mamma allowed me to take Frances for a drive — we had 
to return post-haste as there was every indication of a 
violent thunderstorm. We only just got in in time. 
It is an extraordinary thing but the only fear I have ever 
seen father show is that of lightning. He was waiting 
anxiously on the perron for our return. He had had some 
feather beds brought into the centre drawing-room, 
all windows were closed and the shutters shut. He in- 
sisted on mamma going in and there we sat for three 
mortal hours, stifling. It certainly was one of the worst 
storms I have ever seen. After it was over it was 
deliciously fresh and I went for a good walk, not getting 
home until 1.30. 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JULY 19 

Mamma and Frances leave to-day for Fontainebleau, 
then they go to the de Lussacs' (she was an American and 
an old friend of mamma's), afterwards to pay some visits 
on the Loire. I stop with father. My arm has been 
very painful lately. I must have it examined again. 

JULY 20 

Our old nigger, Mamie, is quite well again, the chef is 
going for a holiday and she is going to cook for us — as 
we will be quite alone she will not have too much work 
to do. 

JULY 23 

Still this horrible heat; I can do nothing. I feel like a 

wrung out dish-cloth. . . . 

JULY 25 

A little cooler. Have been putting all father's proofs 
of his pamphlet in order and correcting them for him. 
I do not know how he manages it. He is always cool and 
calm and serene. His is indeed a blessed nature. 

JULY 26 

To our astonishment Monsieur de Lafayette appeared 
last evening, full of mystery. He asked for hospitality, 
which father was only too pleased to extend to him. 
His baggage consisted of a large roll of green canvas tied 
with a thick cord. He is very funny. 

JULY 30 

Great heat again. Monsieur Lafayette still here. He 
only goes out at night. He is plotting something. Not a 
soul in Paris, and those who are here do not show them- 
selves. I sat outside at Tortoni's until midnight: with 
the exception of Carrillon Latour I did not see a soul I 
knew. 

212 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

AUGUST 1 

Some annoying news from America: I sincerely hope 
father is not going to be dragged into politics again. 
He is not so strong as he was, but his brain seems to be 
even more active. 

AUGUST 6 

Nothing to record. Absolute monotony. Everything 
at a standstill. I am getting so fat. Mamie Kitty 
feeds us on all sorts of fattening things. 

AUGUST 8 

Monsieur de Lafayette left hurriedly to-day. About 
10.30 this evening two mysterious noisy men sent in a note 
to father. He received them alone: what transpired 
I do not know, but he seemed greatly annoyed. . . . 

AUGUST 9 

Father sent this morning his confidential servant to Mr. 
Parker's to try and get Monsieur de Lafayette's address. 
He evidently wishes to warn him of some impending 
danger. 

AUGUST 11 

I could have had an aventure galante, but it is too hot. 

AUGUST 13 

I had a bad attack of indigestion, am dieting on peaches — 
they are so plentiful now after the abnormal hot weather. 

AUGUST 17 

Horrible nettlerash. I cannot get any sleep, sent for the 
physician; he says it was caused by the peaches. He has 
put me on milk and barley-water. 

AUGUST 19 

Two inches less around the waist. Must go and see 
Alfred, he will be overjoyed. 

213 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

AUGUST 20 

Ordered some new surtouts for the autumn, four pairs 
pantaloons and three silk vests — one striped the others 
with flowers. 

AUGUST 

Another shock, Lord Castlereagh that was, now Lord 
Londonderry, committed suicide on the 12th at North 
Cray. He seemed perfectly well: dressing for breakfast, 
he cut an artery in his arm; there was no reason for 
such an act, political or otherwise. They say there is 
hereditary madness in the family. Father had the great- 
est respect for him. He had always been just in all his 
dealings, so large-minded, and his word was to be depended 
upon. 

We remain in Paris all the summer, mamma and Frances 
are paying visits in the country. . . . 

SEPTEMBER 15: CHATEAU DU ROSEY ROLE 

Father insists upon my coming here. He put it on the 
plea that he wanted me to attend to some business in 
Geneva for him, but I know he thought I was dull alone 
with him. I did not like leaving him, but as he has Mon- 
sieur de Lafayette and several other friends I consented. 
It is lovely here and I am very glad to be with my cousins. 
They make me feel more like a dwarf than ever, they are 
so colossal. They have planned a trip to Chamounix 
for me. Adrian Naville is to be of the party — we are 
going in a few days. 

SEPTEMBER 17 

We went yesterday to Allaman and slept at the chateau. 
My cousins the de Sellons were so glad to see us; they 
have one whole side of the chateau covered with a vine 
of American grapes: they are not quite ripe yet. A sister 
of the Comte de Sellon married a Count Cavour from 

214 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

Turin. They were on a visit at the chateau. They 
have a son* with an enormous head, and one daughter 
who is very handsome. Another sister of Monsieur de 
Sellon's is the Duchesse de Clermont-Tonnerre, whom 
we see so much of in Paris. 

SEPTEMBER 19: CHAMOUNIX 

We started early yesterday morning, a glorious day. 
Mules met us and we reached here by the Tete Noire 
Pass. A most beautiful road. Only one guide. A 
very famous one who has made the ascent of Mont Blanc 
eleven times. His name is Jacques Balmat. To-day 
we have been to the Mer de Glace, a rather fine but dirty 
glacier. We remain here till Friday. 

SEPTEMBER 20 

We have made several more ascents of moderate moun- 
tains. My cousins are far more keen on finding some 
chamoix to shoot. We saw several; they are very difficult 
to approach and I only secured two. I am going to have 
one of the heads stuffed as a trophy. The inn is very 
modest, good beds, and the food very eatable but simple; 
in fact, we are always ravenous, the air gives such splendid 
appetite. Very few tourists. Some English, who seem 
to be doing the ascents more as a task than a pleasure. 
A French honeymoon couple who are most amusing. 
They seem to imagine they are quite alone here. 

SEPTEMBER 22: GENEVA 

I left Chamounix with great regret. The Navilles in- 
sisted on our paying them a visit of a few days. I have 
been to see my cousins the Diodatis. Lord Byron occu- 
pied the villa for several years and wrote several of his 
poems there. They tell many funny stories and some very 
odd ones about him, not quite fit for my diary. 

* This boy was the famous Count Cavour who helped to make 
united Italy. 

215 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

SEPTEMBER 24: COPPET 

We posted here to-day from Geneva and are stopping 
the night. Such a truly hearty welcome from the de 
Broglies and Auguste de Stael. The Duchesse de Luynes 
and Monsieur Rocca* are here. It seems so strange to be 
in this house and no Madame de Stael. Every time a 
door opens I expect to see her enter. We leave to- 
morrow for Du Rosey. 

SEPTEMBER 26 

A large shooting party arranged in the Jura to-morrow. 
Blackcock is the principal game. We start at daylight, 
which is about 3 o'clock. 

SEPTEMBER 28 

A delightful day and really quite a large bag. Twenty- 
eight blackcock, sixteen miscellaneous birds, four foxes, 
seventeen hares, two rats. A picnic-luncheon and more 
champagne than was good for us; this was in my honour. 

SEPTEMBER 29 

I leave to-morrow for Saconnex to pay a visit to the 
Budes; my friend Jules writes to me to be discreet, that 
he is like a bird in a cage when at home. I will leave here 
with regret, but I must be making my way back to Paris. 
I feel it is my duty. 

SEPTEMBER 30 

Monsieur Du Rosey and his sons accompanied me part of 
the way and Eugene and Jules de Bude met me and drove 
me here. Jules confided in me that they were going to have 
a soiree in my honour, adding " Mais les jeunes filles ne 
sont pas meme decolletees ." He is incorrigible. After an 
excellent supper and a most genuinely hearty welcome 
I retired early. I am now writing between the most 
deliciously lavender-smelling sheets. 

* Second husband of Madame de Stael. 
216 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

OCTOBER 2: SACONNEX 

The soiree after all was very amusing. Notwithstanding 
the jeunes filles wore bright spencers they were so per- 
fectly natural and so thoroughly enjoyed themselves. 
They have far more liberty than French girls. I think 
I must take to myself a Swiss wife ! 

OCTOBER 7: DIJON 

After a really charming visit I left Saconnex, slept one 
night in Geneva. What delicious Burgundy is obtainable 
here ! It is such a delicate wine that transport changes 
the flavour. I have a very pleasant travelling com- 
panion who is on his way to the Embassy in Paris; he 
has been at Berne and has risen a step — his name is 
Cornwallis. He has not borrowed any money from me 
as yet, so I believe he is genuine. 

OCTOBER 14: PARIS 

After several halts, arrived last night. Father very well. 
He was pleased to see me back. I found plenty of work 
to do, and have been hard at it all day. Matters political 
in America are anything but satisfactory. Unless 
there is some radical change, I hope we will not return. 
Albert has written that the new house is in process of 
building. As there is no architect to superintend it I 
fear it will be a strange building. Father has sent out 
marble mantel-pieces, &c. I dare not say so, but rather 
out of place in Western Virginia. I told how in Geneva 
all his relations hoped he would return there and settle 
down. When I told him this there was a wistful look 
in his eyes. 

OCTOBER 16 

We can do so little now as the Government is entirely 
taken up with the war with Spain. At first it was 
thought it would be disastrous to France, but opinion has 
now changed. England has remained absolutely neutral. 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 
OCTOBER 17 

Absolutely no work to do, always the same life here. 
I can hardly realize we have been here for six years. I 
have quite made up my mind not to remain with another 
Minister. I feel I ought to be "up and doing" and 
make a career for myself. 

OCTOBER 19 

I have persuaded father to take a good rest, and he has 
consented. Having remained in Paris all summer he is 
looking very white and tired. To my great pleasure he 
proposed that we (he and I) should go to Bourg and see 
the fine Palace of Jacques Cceur — this has been a pleasure 
long postponed. 

OCTOBER 20 

We are going in our own coach. I have to-day seen 
about the relays of horses. Father takes his man Garden, 
and I take Lucien. It is a good four days' journey. 

OCTOBER 25 

It has indeed repaid us to come here. I never realized 
what Renaissance architecture was, and what a won- 
derful man was Cceur — almost a magician. His origin 
is hardly known — but at one time the richest man in 
France, until Charles VII stripped him of his fortune 
to carry on his wars against the English, then by way 
of gratitude threw him into a prison on a trumped-up 
charge of poisoning Agnes Sorel, the former's mistress. 
He was absolved of this charge. Went to the East and 
made another fortune. One of his daughters married a 
Lenthene, their daughter Agnes a Tudert, and Sarah 
Tudert a Gallatin, our direct ancestor. 

OCTOBER 26 

We have been all day roaming about the chateau which 
is a marvel of carving and decoration. Father has also 

218 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

been studying the archives of Bourg and has found 
much of interest. The auberge is very clean — good beds 
and food. The place is absolutely a city of the dead. 
I go to bed at 10 o'clock. 

OCTOBER 27 

We have made a few excursions in the environs to-day — 
it is not a very pretty country. I have not seen a single 
pretty woman — how do the men exist? 

OCTOBER 28 

We are leaving for Paris to-morrow by an entirely different 
route which he has mapped out. I have thoroughly 
enjoyed this quiet time with him, he is always interesting 
and I know that I can always learn something from 
him which improves me. For the first time, he has 
mentioned his first wife to me. She evidently was the 
real love of his life. They were only married a few 
months when she died. Now I understand why he 
wishes to return to Western Virginia: she died and was 
buried there. I do not think he has ever mentioned 
her name to mamma. Her memory is a sort of sacred 
cult to him. It seems there was no doctor within reach; 
he dared not leave her, and she died in great suffering 
in his arms. 

NOVEMBER 4 

Back again and settled down to work. Mamma and 
Frances returned this morning. They have been all 
the summer on the Loire paying visits. Frances looks 
so well. Mamma's temper is slightly uncertain — her 
first remark to me was: "How your hair has fallen 
out." "Let me look at your teeth; they're going 
too." I replied with a Chesterfieldian bow, "We all 
cannot look as young as you do." She snapped, "You 
should show more respect for your mother." She is 
now absorbed, looking over all the new autumn fashion- 

219 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

plates which have been sent to her by her couturiere. 
That will put her in a good humour. It is wonderful 
what a soothing effect the prospect of a new frock has 
upon the female mind. They will sell their very soul 
for a new bonnet. 

NOVEMBER 6 

We were much surprised this morning in receiving an 
invitation from the Duchesse de Berri for a soiree intime 
in her apartments in the Tuilleries on the 8th. This 
is the first invitation she has honoured us with since 
the death of the Duke. 

NOVEMBER 8 

We dined at the English Embassy yesterday — a very 
large company. The Marquis and Marquise d'Osmond — 
they have just returned from London where he has held 
the post of French Ambassador for a long time. There 
were some rather odd stories about Madame d'Osmond. 
Madame de Boigne, their daughter, has taken a large 
Hotel in the Rue Bonaparte. Her mother and father 
are to live with her, not that she needs a chaperone. 
The Duchesse de Courland was another of the guests; 
she renewed her attentions to father; I suppose that 
she must now know that Pozzo di Borgo hoaxed her. 
I sat next such a pretty English girl; she was so bright 
and cheerful. I believe she is a niece or daughter of 
Lord Clanricarde. Another charming girl was a Miss 
Edwards, daughter of Lord Somebody, whose name I 
did not catch. She took a great fancy to Frances and 
asked to be allowed to call to see her. Mamma told her 
she would be delighted to receive her. 
The gardens of the embassy are beautiful. The 
Hotel* is in the Faubourg St. Honore, and the gardens 
run to the Champs Elysees. I believe the English 

* The Hotel Borghese, bought by the Duke of Wellington for the 
English Government for £36,000. 

220 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

Government bought it for some absurdly small sum 
after the Revolution. Why is it so many English women 
have those rabbit teeth? it quite spoils their beauty. 

NOVEMBER 9 

The soiree at the Duchesse de Berri's was very gay. 
She had a band of Neapolitan singers and dancers in 
costume, a great novelty for Paris. The Duchesse 
d'Angouleme was present and was more unbending than 
I have ever seen her before. I do not think she quite 
approved of the sans facon style of the entertainment. 
Neither the Due nor Monsieur were present. The Duchesse 
de Berri has grown fat, but has improved in her looks. 
She is very loud, was dressed abominably and has lost 
her figure. Many lovers are assigned to her, but I never 
believe half I hear. The Due and Duchesse d'Orleans 
were both present, all was over at 1 o'clock. We danced 
until midnight, when supper was served. The Palace is 
so very dirty, it has not been cleaned for years. I hear 
the Royal Family are all moving to St. Cloud and the 
Tuilleries is to be entirely cleansed. I am sure it is 
not healthy. 

NOVEMBER 10 

I am seriously thinking of going in for the Diplomatic 
Service. Commencing as I have at such an early age, 
I have already acquired some useful knowledge. Father 
hopes that a regular Diplomatic Service will be organized 
in America the same as in other countries. In any case 
I believe I would always be employed by the Government. 
Some relations sent mamma some live terrapin from 
Baltimore. Frances and I took out two into the garden 
and tried to make them race — Frances's won. It seemed 
to cheer them up after their long sea voyage. 

NOVEMBER 12 

I was to shoot at Fontainebleau but the rain has not 
ceased for two days. Monsieur de Lafayette has been here 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

for a few days, and he does not seem to care to go out of 
the house — he is very mysterious and father is convinced 
that he has some new plot. He was closeted with Mr. 
Baring for several hours this afternoon. A report has 
just come that the King is very ill at St. Cloud. The 
Court was to have returned to Paris to-day but it is now 
postponed. 

NOVEMBER 13 

A fine day at last, bright sunshine. Father has mapped 
out a regular course of reading for me. Books on diplo- 
macy. I shut myself up in my room this morning 
from 9 until 12. I hope to keep this up every day. I 
gave the first sitting for my miniature this afternoon. 
Had two teeth drawn — great pain. We heard to-day that 
Mrs. Robert Patterson is going to marry the Marquis 
of Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington's brother; he is 
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Madame Bonaparte will 
burst with envy. 

NOVEMBER 16 

Miss Edwards and Cornwallis dined with us to-day, 
the former is a daughter of Lord Kensington, she and 
Frances have struck up a great friendship. Unfortu- 
nately she is leaving shortly for England, and returning 
after the Christmas holidays. She has invited Frances 
to go back with her, and Lady Kensington has written 
to mamma requesting her to allow Frances to accompany 
her daughter. Mamma will not give her consent. When 
father heard of it he said, " All women have unreasonable 
reasons." 

NOVEMBER 17 

The Duchesse de Courland called this morning, abso- 
lutely forced her way in. Father was greatly an- 
noyed and had great difficulty in getting rid of her. I 
have been all the afternoon at Alfred's, my tailor's. 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

He is making me some coats and pantaloons of the 
latest fashion. I must either eat less or wear a whale- 
bone belt. Alfred is in despair; he says my figure 
takes all the soul out of his creations. Lucien is in trouble 
and has confessed to me — this time it is a married woman 
and the husband has found everything out. Mamma 
has discovered an old nigger cook, an escaped slave, 
and has promptly engaged her. Simply to cook hominy, 
Maryland chicken, buckwheat cakes and waffles. If 
I eat much of this fare, no whalebone belt will keep me 
in bounds and the great Alfred will commit suicide. 

NOVEMBER 20 

There are extraordinary stories, more or less true, of the 
immense sums that Madame du Cayla has obtained from 
the poor King. Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld was, and 
some say is still, her lover; he has carried through all 
her disgraceful intrigues against the Government. The 
Due de Richelieu had the greatest contempt for her 
and did not disguise it. The last scandal of Madame Berna- 
dotte, Queen of Sweden, is that when poor Monsieur de 
Richelieu went into the country she followed him, stopping 
at all the auberges that he did. What is incomprehensible 
is that Bemad otte allowed her to behave as she did. 
But it seems he is only too delighted to get rid of her. 
Father says when he first saw him he was a coarse, 
vulgar creature, without manners and totally without 
education. I believe the only descendant of the last 
King of Sweden is the Queen of Wiirtemberg. I must 
ask Comte de Gallatin about him. I suppose some day 
the descendants of Bernadotte will rank with the other 
Royal Families of Europe. 

NOVEMBER 22 

We dined yesterday with the Due and Duchesse de 
Montmorency. They have not lived together for many 
years. He was seized with a religious mania. She has 

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1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

now fallen violently in love with him; it is absurd to see 
her behaviour in public. It makes it far worse as she 
is an extremely ugly woman. He on the contrary is 
known as the handsomest man in France. 

NOVEMBER 30, 1822 

This I fear will be our last Christmas and New Year in 
Paris; as far as I can look ahead we will be in Western 
Virginia this time next year. What an extraordinary 
change it will be. I often ask myself, was it right to bring 
me, at the age of sixteen, abroad ? To lead a life absolutely 
different from that at home. To accustom me to luxury 
and excitement. I never like to question what he does, 
but sometimes I fear he made a mistake. Here I am at the 
age of twenty-five, without any future mapped out for me, 
accustomed to simply wasting my time in an everlasting 
routine of enjoyment. He is wise and may be perfectly 
right — that I will tire of this life and will be only too 
glad to settle down to a quiet and rational existence. 
Naturally with his influence he can always place me in 
some good position. Last year Alexander Baring offered 
to take me into his banking house in London, but father 
seems to cling to me and if I once went to London in all 
probability we would be separated for years. It would 
never enter my heart to do anything to displease him 
or cause him a moment's pain. 

DECEMBER 2 

Frances has begged to have a soiree on Christmas Eve. 
So that is settled. We are going to act a little fairy- 
tale, which I think will be very pretty. 

DECEMBER 4 

More and more invitations — the trouble is that most of 
them are from the Corps Diplomatique and we cannot 
refuse. 
Several pages entirely ruined by dampness. — Editor. 

224 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

Tried on four pairs pantaloons and two coats to-day. 
Alfred is pleased that I am thinner. 

Father seems much disgusted by news from America. 
He has not told me what it is, but I believe it has to do 
with the Presidential Election. Mr. Adams has written 
me a very friendly letter, asking me what my opinion is 
with regard to father, and hinting that a place in the 
new Cabinet would be found for him if Mr. Crawford is 
returned. I do not think this is quite right as they are 
both opposed in political opinions and belong to opposite 
parties. I cannot gauge his reason for writing. I 
know in his heart of hearts he has a very strong opinion 
of father's ability. I have not mentioned the receipt 
of the letter to father and will answer it without com- 
mitting myself in any way. I fully recognize the fact 
that it is quite useless to remain here. Father is simply 
wasted. Any one can fill the post as there is absolutely 
nothing to do. Father is deeply occupied in writing 
some pamphlet, and so absorbed is he that at times I 
really believe he forgets he is in France. 

DECEMBER 6 

Our poor old nigger, Mamie, had a stroke to-day, her 
lower limbs are paralysed. The doctors think she will 
recover. I went up to see her in her room. As I ap- 
proached I heard her singing and waited to hear the words; 
they were repeated over and over again, always the same. 
"Nobody pity me, nobody pity me, but Jesus, she came 
riding by and said, 'Nigger foller me.' " Poor old soul. 
I asked her how old she was. She said, "Perhaps 
twenty, perhaps a hundred." 

DECEMBER 7 

I find I can only write every two days in my dear old 
diary. Our little fairy-play will, I think, be very pretty. 
It is from an old one father found in his grandmother's 
papers, and was acted at Cassell. Of course there is a 

225 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Princess (this is Frances), a good fairy and a bad one, 
a naughty boy (myself), a Prince and a host of fairies 
of all sizes. I have borrowed all sorts of scenery, &c. 
&c, from the property man at the opera. Mamma is 
in her element with the dresses. 

DECEMBER 8 

First rehearsal to-day. Mamie Kitty has recovered the 
use of one leg — the guilty footman I met on the stairs 
with a large bunch of violets. The French are so good- 
hearted. He said to me, "Excellence, ce n'est ma faute, 
n est-ce-pas ? " 
Skating again, but I have not been out as yet. 

DECEMBER 9 

Father had a long talk with me this morning. He has 
quite decided to return in the spring to America. The 
new house will be completed and we will bury ourselves. 
I will not remain there long. 

DECEMBER 10 

Have been skating all day. Bright sunshine, but very 
cold. Katinka Caumont la Force as energetic as ever. 
She seems very happy. 

DECEMBER 12 

No time now except for rehearsal — the girls will chatter, 
so I have offered a prize to the one who keeps her tongue 
quiet for ten minutes at a time. No one has won it yet. 

DECEMBER 15 

Between rehearsals and skating I don't seem to have 
time for anything else. If it were summer we could have 
had our play in the garden, still the ball-room is quite large 
enough. We have invited four hundred guests. Before the 
play the two de Lussac girls, a Clermont-Tonnerre, Mile 
de Montesquieu and two Gallatins are going to dance 

226 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1822 

such a pretty pavane. The dancing mistress of the 
opera is teaching them. They are to be poudrees. It 
will be all "milk and water," but pretty. Many of my 
suggestions have been scouted with horror. The only 
person who backs me up at all is Pozzo di Borgo. He 
says: "Mais pourquoi past" He does not know 
mamma. 

DECEMBER 16 

Skating all the morning. A thaw has set in. A venture- 
some Frenchman was boldly pushing one of the sledges 
with his fiancee in it, when crack went the ice and in they 
went, only about two feet of water. Both shrieked "sauvez- 
nous." We sensibly answered "walk to the bank." 
When they did manage to climb up, they were received 
by their respective mammas and papas, hugged and 
embraced as if they had escaped a great danger. 

DECEMBER 16 

Obliged to go to a reception at the Spanish Embassy. 
Father insisted upon my accompanying him. A great 
crowd. The Orleans family were present. Talleyrand 
looked like an old rat. I hate the sight of him. 

DECEMBER 21 

Father has just had an official note that Monsieur de 
Montmorency has resigned from his post of Minister of 
Foreign Affairs and that Monsieur de Villele is to keep 
the place warm for Monsieur de Chateaubriand. This 
has amazed him exceedingly. The continual changing 
of the Minister of Foreign Affairs absolutely places the 
negotiations re the Indemnity claims at a standstill; after 
Monsieur de Montmorency's pledges given to father in 
July it is not just or straightforward. Father has sent 
a very strong note couched in these terms to Monsieur 
de Villele. 

227 



1822] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

DECEMBER 23 

All is now ready and our last rehearsal will take place 
to-night. This morning Madame de Boigne called. The 
Duchesse d'Orleans had intimated to her that they would 
like to see our little play. Of course father went at once 
in person and apologized on the score that he did not think 
the little entertainment worthy of their Royal Highnesses. 
Begged they would honour him with their presence. 
They are all coming. 

CHRISTMAS DAY 

The pavane and fairy-tale were really charming and 
far surpassed what I had expected. The moving trees 
in the play were a great novelty. They were worked by 
small fairies, which I had trained. When Frances ap- 
peared riding a wee white donkey led by fairies the Due 
led off the applause, which was very hearty. Frances 
did look lovely and acted so well. After all was over 
the Due and Duchesse and Mademoiselle stood by the 
fire-place and we (the actors) all defiled before them. 
Their congratulations were very hearty. 

DECEMBER 26 

We had a quiet Christmas dinner — some waifs and strays 
that mamma had invited. 



DECEMBER 28 

I have promised to go to a supper to see the New Year in, 
as I am nearly certain this will be our last New Year in 
Paris — Paris that I adore, Paris that has at last taught 
me that there is more in life than frivolity and amuse- 
ment. Father is wise. I know he wished both Albert 
and myself away from any town in America. Paris 
has taught me much and I think now I will profit by the 
lesson. 

228 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

DECEMBER 30 

I went with mamma to-day in a common coach. To-day 
she took all her New Year offerings to some poor Ameri- 
cans. She is so truly kind. Hampers of food, clothes, 
&c. &c. She did not even forget the children, and had 
toys for them all. Frances has a cold or would have gone 
with us. I dread a tedious dinner at the de la Roche- 
foucaulds'. All of us are bidden. 

JANUARY 2, 1823 

I have been too busy to write a line in my diary. 
The usual Court defile on New Year's Day. The King 
looking very ill and did not seem to take any interest 
in anything. Madame du Cayla triumphant by his side. 
It seemed such a strange thing, as if she were his wife. 
We dined with Pozzo di Borgo at the Embassy; nearly all 
Russians, a Monsieur Narishkin, the greatest noble in 
Russia, but who bears no title, his card is simply "Narish- 
kin." It is very strange, but Russians are only semi- 
civilized. Perfect manners, external polish — the moment 
they have just a little too much to drink, the savage 
comes out. Very true the saying is, " Scratch the Russian 
and find the Tartar." Such a round of calls for the New 
Year commencing at the Palais Royale, all the Diplo- 
matic Corps, &c. — it took us the whole day. 

JANUARY 5 

I have had a sore throat and not able to go out for the last 
three days. Disquieting letters from Albert in America. 
Father has quite decided to return to America and give 
up his post here. Mr. Astor, with great courage, has writ- 
ten begging him to remain. Rather amusing as it is 
evidently for his own interests, as he is shortly coming to 
Paris. 

Miss Edwards comes to stay with us for a month on 
Friday. I am pleased for Frances's sake as I fear she is 
a little dull being so hemmed in by les convenances. 

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1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

JANUARY G 

Katinka Galitzin (Caumont la Force) had a baby last 

night. Oddly enough the sex is not yet decided. 

JANUARY 8 

My throat all right again. Miss Edwards has postponed 
her arrival until the 12th. I go to Fontainebleau for 
four days for the chase. 

JANUARY 10: FONTAINEBLEAU 

Perfect weather. We are a large party, several ladies 
for the first time. The rage is now to gamble — the 
tables arc set out directly after dinner, which is over 
at 8 o'clock. They play until 11.30 and then supper 
is announced. The moment it is over back again to 
the tables. The favourite game is " Boston"; it was 
invented I believe by the officers on the French ship of 
war in Boston Harbour. I, without being noticed, steal 
off to bed after supper as I do not gamble, so find it very 
tedious. 

JANUARY 12 

Madame Carillon la Tour lost the skirt of her riding dress 
to-day, it caught in a low bough of a tree and was literally 
torn off. There fortunately was a coach close at hand, 
as we were near to the Grand Pkaramond. She did 
not appear at dinner. The daughter-in-law of the Prince 
de Poix had an altercation at the gambling table and 
slapped Madame de Montesquieu's face— the Comtesse 
<lc Maille lost very highly and burst into tears, saying 
she was ruined. How gambling debases people. The 
gentlest of women becomes a virago when she is gambling. 
A noisy supper — soon after I was off to bed. 

JANUARY 13 

Horrid adventure last night. I have had just the ghost of 
an intrigue with a certain lady who is here with her sister. 

£30 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

She had made an appointment for me to come to her 
room after all was quiet in the house. I arrayed myself 
in a large flowered damask dressing-gown (made of an 
old frock of mamma's) and sallied forth a Vaventure. 
All went well. I found the room; the door was slightly 
ajar. Entering I locked it, the key snapped off short 
in the lock. Horror of horrors ! No other means of 
exit. Too high for me to jump out of the window. We 
were at our wits' end; quoi faircf After much thought 
I decided on a plan — Madame de L. was to knock loudly on 
the door the moment she heard the servants moving in 
the morning. I was to lie perdu. She, after the door 
was opened, to go to her sister's room which was on the 
floor above, taking the servant with her. All went well 
until I emerged from the room. I saw four distinct 
heads looking out of four doors, nothing to be done but 
to make a bolt for it, which I did; I do not think they 
recognized me. As soon as I reached my room I kindled 
the fire and burnt my dressing-gown as that could easily 
be identified. I am now waiting events. We are just 
off to the chase. 

JANUARY 15 

Last evening at dinner Monsieur de Champeau suddenly 
asked, " Who has a red and green damask dressing-gown ? " 
nobody responded. Tour du Pain said, "How odd, I 
certainly have seen one," still no answer. Madame 
de Castries turned to me and said, " What colour is your 
dressing-gown?" I blandly answered "rose": the old 
cat, she must have been looking out of her door. Madame 
de Cosse Brissac exclaimed, "I certainly saw a figure 
in a most gorgeous red and green damask gown in the 
corridor." 

I had confided my adventure to George Caraman. He 
had two dressing-gowns with him and had lent me his 
"rose" one so I feel perfectly safe. Madame de Castries 
said, "The only way to decide this was for all the 

231 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

gentlemen to retire and to put on their dressing-gowns 
and to defile before the ladies." This we did — and re- 
turned to the salon. Shouts of laughter when old 
Corate de Laval appeared in a dressing-gown of broad 
green and red stripes. He is the brother of Madame de 
Brissac; she instantly said, "That is not the one, it was 
large flowers of red, green and gold." Madame de 
Castries instantly said, "You know more about the 
pattern than anybody else, so it must have been from 
your room that I saw the gentleman emerge at 6 o'clock 
this morning." Madame de B. answered, "At least 
respect my age." This was received with shouts of 
laughter. 

JANUARY 16 

Paris, arrived home late this afternoon and had to dress 
with all haste to take mamma and Frances to a concert 
at the Palais Royale. Father had intended to accom- 
pany them, but he has had a cold. Katinka's baby has 
declared itself — it is a boy. 

JANUARY 18 

The concert very fine. Grande toilette. All the Corps 
Diplomatique; a host of English; the Countess of Stafford 
whom I had met at Coppet in 1815. She recognized me 
at once and was most gracious saying, "I can no longer 
call you Cupid." Father has bidden mother to invite 
her to dinner for the 26th. Also the Due and Duchesse 
d'Orleans and Mademoiselle. He has told me to make 
out a list of the people whom I think will best suit, and 
to submit it to him, so that he can forward it to 
the Palais Royale for their approval. 

JANUARY 19 

A hard frost. Skated this afternoon. Opera in the 
evening. Frances ate too many candies and had indi- 
gestion, so could not go. Mamma had her put to bed 

232 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

before we started. Letters from Albert not satisfactory. 
I am going to-morrow to consult Alfred about my 
costume for the 26th. It is very late and I have just 
finished drafting some dispatches to Mr. Rush. They 
were laid out on my table where I found them on my 
return from the opera. Mile Favier looked with favour 
upon me. I will send her some flowers to-morrow. 

JANUARY 20 

Sent Mile Favier some flowers, cost me 20 francs; 
hidden in them a little "could I would she" billet-doux. 
I will await results. 

JANUARY 21 

No answer as yet. I will go to the opera to-night; she 
is dancing. Father is disgusted with the childish be- 
haviour of the French Ministry. If they would only 
give a decided answer one way or the other, he would 
then know the position he stood in. Still no answer to 
my note. Last night she did not even look at me. A 
louis thrown away. 

JANUARY 22 

All our guests have accepted for the 26th. The Due 
approved the list. In fact, I believe he never alters one 
sent by an Ambassador or Minister of a foreign Power. 
We are having a tented room built over the garden, 
for the music. 

JANUARY 23 

An extraordinary note from Madame de Boigne saying 
she supposed her invitation must have miscarried, but 
that she accepted with pleasure; quoi fairef We now 
have to find another man to balance the table. A note 
has just been brought to me from Mile F., would I sup 
with her on the 26th — was there ever such luck? I 
will try to see her to explain. We do not dine until 

233 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

8 o'clock and the Orleans always stop very late. Alber- 
tine de Broglie has just offered the loan of her fine plate. 

JANUARY 24 

Father has just put his veto on our using the de Broglie's 
plate so kindly offered. He dislikes anything like show 
or pretence in any way. Mamma is sad and silent. I 
went this afternoon and parted with another louis d'or 
and literally laid some flowers at the Favier's feet. 
She was at home and received me most graciously. I 
explained how I was situated and with great grace she 
begged me not to apologize but to come to supper the 
next night. The louis was well spent after all. I can- 
not but feel sorry for the Bonapartists. They are barely 
recognized. Even their showy titles are not given to 
them. There is a son of the Emperor, a Count Walewski, 
his mother was a Pole. He is quite young, a handsome 
lad, and is being well brought up. One of our guests on 
the 26th is the Countess de Flahaut, she is very old. 
Her son was the lover of Queen Hortense, the wife of 
Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland. She has a son by 
Flahaut. The old Madame de Flahaut was born Souza- 
Bothelo, and is a very grand dame. Her coach is the 
finest in Paris after the King's — four footmen standing 
up behind. She looks like a mummy. Very cold. 
Father sent for me this afternoon to copy some dis- 
patches for him in post-haste. I do hope he is not going 
to be drawn into political life again. I said quite inno- 
cently to mamma, "So Katinka's child is a boy after all." 
Mamma answered, "The Princess wrote to me it was a 
girl." I replied, "The Prince told me yesterday it was a 
boy." Seeing mamma was beginning to show unmis- 
takable signs of strong character I cried, "A truce, 
she must have had twins." 

JANUARY 26 

Everything is in a bustle and a hustle. It is not an easy 
matter to entertain at dinner sixty people when the house- 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

hold is not a very large one. Chevet is doing the main 
part of the cooking. Our Russian glass is very fine; it was 
a present to father from the Tsar Alexander. Mile 
Favier was more than gracious. I will see more of her. 

JANUARY 27 

The banquet was very fine, and marked by great simplicity 
in comparison with those at the Russian, Spanish, and 
English Embassies. The Orleans did not leave until 
after midnight. 

All the heads of the Corps Diplomatique were present with 
their ladies. The Marchioness of Stafford wore very mag- 
nificent, superb jewels. She is so absolutely simple and 
unaffected, but such a great lady. The dinner was 
excellent. Music just loud enough. Mamma radiant. 
The Due d'Orleans speaks such perfect English and as she 
had the English Ambassador on her left she was quite 
at her ease. Monsieur de Lafayette, who is well received 
at the Palais Royale, was present. The Due d'Orleans 
expressed great regret to both father and to mamma that 
we were returning to America. Father has only applied 
for six months' leave and will await the turn of events. 
Albert is most anxious for him to see the new home, which 
has cost far more than father had estimated. 

JANUARY 29 

As this is our last Carnival I am going to try to amuse 
myself, but I have not much heart for it. I frankly own 
I dread returning to America. I have no friends of my own 
age there, nothing in common with the young American 
men. They are all absorbed in making money. The 
idea of being tied down to a counting-house stool after 
my life here is most repugnant to me. Father cannot 
expect me to settle down in a wild country without 
neighbours — absolutely thrown on our own resources. 
Madame de Duras and Madame de Bethisy called on 
mamma to-day, the former to express the regret of her 

235 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Royal mistress, the Duchesse d'Angouleme, and the latter 
that of the Duchesse de Berri, at our approaching departure. 
Madame de Duras said her Royal mistress expressed 
a desire to receive mamma and Frances absolutely 
privately — not officially. The interview is to be on 
February 4. It is certainly most gracious of her. 
Father wishes to pay a short visit to Geneva, but 
the weather is much too severe at present for him to 
undertake the journey. Frances is rather elated at the 
idea of returning to America. She wants the freedom 
which young girls enjoy there. I can quite understand 
that. Monsieur de Lafayette has informed father that 
he intends paying his last visit to America. This will be at 
least something to look forward to. 

JANUARY 30 

Easter is late this year. The Carnival does not begin 
until the middle of next month. Rumours that the 
King had a stroke to-day, but not yet verified. Madame 
Bonaparte very much annoyed with father for leaving 
France without having married Frances into some great 
family. 

FEBRUARY 2 

Always some petty and annoying dispatches from 
America framed by Mr. Adams. I really think he spends 
his idle moments in writing them, simply to vent his spleen 
on father for his imaginary grievances at Ghent. A 
delightful letter from Mr. Rufus King* in an entirely 
different strain. Madame Patterson Bonaparte was 
most amusing to-day at dinner relating all her experiences 
at Rome and Florence with the Bonaparte family. 
Madame Mere she prefers to them all, saying she is a 
simple Corsican country woman with common sense. 
The others, she says, cannot get over the position they 

* Rufus King, grandfather of Madame Waddington, late French 
ambassadress at the Court of St. James. 

236 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

once held, and in everything they do, show their bad 
breeding. She says that there is not one of the Em- 
peror's sisters who has not one or more illegitimate chil- 
dren and that they seem to glory in it instead of thinking 
it a disgrace. It seems last evening she was at the 
Russian Embassy when the Due d'Orleans was an- 
nounced. She at once tried to withdraw, but he met her at 
the door and made her a low bow saying, "Bon soir, 
Princesse." I am certain she was flattered or she would not 
have repeated it. A dear old American woman called 
to-day; she has a great desire to see the King at close 
quarters. Father was so impressed by her simplicity 
and sincerity that he is going to arrange for her to be in 
one of the rooms his Majesty passes through. She is 
from the West and told father she had actually seen 
the Dauphin there (Louis XVII), that he had been brought 
up by some Indians who had turned Christian. Father 
was much interested as she described the clothes he had 
worn when he came to America. All of the finest quality; 
that he himself could not remember anything beyond 
a prison, a mob and a very beautiful mother — also great 
grief. If he is not the Dauphin (which father doubts) 
he must be the child of some great noble who was guillo- 
tined during the French revolution. Still it is interesting. 
The Duchesse d'Angouleme is convinced that her brother 
is still alive. Father thought perhaps of introducing 
this woman to her presence, but on maturer thought 
thinks it would perhaps be unwise to open fresh wounds. 
His belief is that this child may be the son of the Due 
de Bourbon, or some other Bourbon. 

FEBRUARY 3 

Very cold again. Skating on the Petit Lac. I miss 
Katinka, who was always such a cheerful companion. 
Madame Bonaparte has been extolling the beauty of a 
Mile Josephine Pascault, the daughter of the Marquis 
de Poleon, who lives in Baltimore. She says to see her 

237 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

is to fall in love with her. She is the youngest sister 
of Madame Reubel, who was the great friend of Madame 
Bonaparte when she was a girl. There is twenty-two 
years' difference in their ages, as Mile Pascault was 
born when her mother was fifty-two years of age. I 
have something to look forward to as I worship beauty. 

FEBRUARY 5 

All the Corps Diplomatique have called upon us to express 
their regret at our departure. I really believe they are 
all sincere. Father with his great simplicity of manner, 
his sincerity, has won all hearts. I do not think he ever 
has an evil thought. 

Mamma and Frances had a most delightful interview 
with the Duchesse d'Angouleme yesterday afternoon. 
She received them in her boudoir absolutely without 
ceremony; expressed her regret that mamma was 
leaving and said many flattering things. When they 
retired she drew Frances to her and kissed her on both 
cheeks. Poor woman, she has always longed for a child 
of her own. 

FEBRUARY 7 

I am going to make an ass of myself at the Carnival — 
have been drawn into going with some boon companions 
in a car. I go to-morrow to Compiegne to hunt, but for 
one night only. 

FEBRUARY 9 

Enjoyed Compiegne very much: a fine day, and we 
killed several head of deer. The party was entirely 
made up of men — so was devoid of interest. 

FEBRUARY 10 

Showers of invitations for farewell dinners before Lent. 
Father will go to Geneva as soon as Lent commences. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

He goes alone. That Comtesse de Boigne is irrepressible; 
she had the audacity to ask mamma at the Spanish 
Embassy last night if her jewels were real. I cannot 
understand a woman of her birth and education being so 
absolutely tactless. I think mamma must have given 
her a decided answer. 

FEBRUARY 15 

Full Carnival. I am beginning to enjoy it. We have 
arranged a car — also various suppers. A masked ball 
to-night at the opera. I am going to escort Mile F. 
Supper at the Maison Doree. 

FEBRUARY 17 

Car a great success. Representing a "Horn of Plenty," 
we were all most carefully disguised, ces dames as well. A 
boisterous supper. Enfin — the last for me, so I will 
enjoy it though I have not got quite the zest and entrain 
of a couple of years since. 

FEBRUARY 19 

A dinner of farewell to-night at the Due de Fernan 
Nunez, the Spanish Ambassador's. To-morrow the Baron 
Vincent entertains us. I will have to manage to get off 
early as there is a ball at the opera and we have a supper — 
this time des dames du monde. 

FEBRUARY 22 

To-night, Shrove Tuesday — our last supper, our last 
ball, my last time in the half-world as we leave, I 
believe, in April — finis ! 

FEBRUARY 24 

Bad news from America about Albert, both father and 
mother much troubled. I am sorry. Serious work now; 
all entertaining at a standstill until Easter. It is freezing 
again, I am glad to say — prospects of skating. 

239 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Frances had an excellent proposal for her hand to-day, a 
man of good family, well off, &c, but she has only seen 
him twice. Father would not think of such a marriage 
for her. 

MARCH 4 

I think we all begin now to realize what a wrench it will be 
to leave Paris. Mamma was trying to make plans for 
our arrival in America. Her sister, Mrs. Montgomery, 
has very kindly placed her country house near New 
York at our disposal. Father will have to go both to 
Washington and to Geneva. Baltimore will be our 
ultimate end until that wretched house is finished. 
Mamma actually burst into tears when talking over plans 
for the future. She has now acknowledged that it will 
be hard for her to leave Paris. Of course none of this 
is said before father; we never distress him if it can be 
avoided. 

MARCH 12 

As soon as Lent is over we begin our round of adieus. 
I am making out the list so that we will not offend any- 
body by forgetting them. Mamma says it is useless 
for her to order any more frocks for either herself or 
Frances as they will have no opportunity of wearing them. 

APRIL 16 

Easter being over we are beginning to strike our tents and 
packing has already commenced. The Government 
has placed the Peacock at father's disposal. As the 
King is leaving for St. Cloud we take an informal leave 
of him on the 19th. As father has only applied for leave 
for six months this does not necessitate a formal leave- 
taking. Madame Bonaparte has been most kind. She 
has done everything to cheer mamma and Frances. She 
told us to-day that she had written to her father to do all 
in his power for us in Baltimore. We really will be home- 
less. No use regretting, it cannot be mended. 

240 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

APRIL 20 

At 11.30 we were received privately by the King. 
Wonderful to relate, Madame du Cayla was not present. 
Both Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme were. The 
King seemed overcome, expressed deep regret at parting 
with father. Mamma and Frances were then admitted 
and took a formal farewell of him. Both Monsieur 
and the Due d'Angouleme accompanied father and 
mamma to the door of the ante-chamber and expressed 
a wish that they would return to Paris. The Due 
d'Aumont then escorted us to the apartments of the 
Duchesse d'Angouleme. Half-way he handed us over 
to the care of the Duchesse de Serent and the Vicomte 
de Montmorency. Mamma and Frances were received 
first — after they retired, father and myself were intro- 
duced. The Duchesse was most unbending and expressed 
regret, but the hope of seeing father again. She handed 
him a sealed packet, begging him to take great care of it. 
We then retired and to our amazement found a Royal 
carriage had been ordered to take us home; a second 
one followed with a gentleman and a lady of the Court. 
This was a very great compliment — as it was only an 
informal leave-taking. To-morrow we go to the Palais 
Royale to take leave. To-night I am going to the opera 
with a heavy heart, there to take a loving farewell of all 
the ladies who have shown me much kindness. I cannot 
afford to offer them a supper, I only wish I could. 

APRIL 21, 1823 

We had a most charming reception at the Palais Royale. 
They one and all expressed their regret at our departure, 
and I believe it was sincere; certainly on the part of 
the Duchesse and Mademoiselle. All the elder children 
were present and each one in English wished us a pleasant 
and speedy voyage and hoped we would soon return. 
They had been taught their little lesson very well. 
Father opened the package that the Duchesse d'An- 

241 



1883] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

goulfone handed to him. It contains several copies 

oi loners addressed to her from America from people 
who imagine they are the Dauphin (Louis XVII) and 

from others who state that the poor child was given into 
their eare. A note from her begging father to investigate 
the matter if he possibly can, as it is the great wish of 
her life if her brother is alive to be able to find him. 
Of course father will do all he can, but he is very sceptical 
on the matter and fears that wicked people are trying 
to prey on her feelings with a view of making money. 

ArRiL es 

Count PoMSO di Borgo has been kindness itself. He 
breakfasted with us to-day. He brought Frances such 
a pretty bracelet. Alexander Humboldt and Lafayette 
come to dinner to-morrow for a last farewell. Monsieur 
la Place* sent his regrets, but he is confined to the house 
with rheumatism. He sent mamma some beautiful 
flowers. 

All is quite settled and we sail for America in May. 
Father is much vexed that he has wasted all these years 
on so futile a mission, lie has in plain words informed 
Monsieur de Chateaubriand that France must change 
her policy if she wishes to retain the friendship of America. 

MAY 10 

We leave on the 14th. I regret parting with so many 
kind friends- the de Broglies in particular. I have 
made nearly all my adieus. One and all have expressed 
a wish that we will return. Some 1 know to be sincere. 
the others are not worth a thought 1 will always look 
back upon these seven years spent in my beloved Paris. 
Father has had that stone house built at New Geneva, 
an absolutely wild place. I doubt if he ever inhabits it. 
I deeply regret for Frances's sake that we could not remain 
a few years longer. Mamma, who has that impassive 
* A well-known writ or on rinaiuv. 

■j-w 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

nature that nothing upsets, is quite serene and happy 
now. Madame Bonaparte has really shown deep feeling 
at parting with us. I think she is very grateful but she 
does not allow herself to show too much of her true 
nature. 

LE HAVRE, ON BOARD "THE TEACOCK" 

I am glad that it is over and that the great wrench is 
made. I am writing in my cabin. We sail early to- 
morrow morning. Mamma has brought her maid, who 
will do for Frances and herself. Father has his man. 
Lucien begged so hard to come with me that father 
consented. He is a very good lad, and I feel he is a sort 
of link between me and the last seven years of my happy 
life. I shut my eyes sometimes hoping when I open 
them to find I am still in the Rue de l'lniversite, and 
that it has all been a horrible dream. The very smell of 
the ship makes me feel ill. The cackling of the chickens 
and the squealing of the pigs adds to the horrors I 
know I will have to undergo. Lucien is now pea-green. 
The weather very fine. Captain Rogers says we will 
probably have fair winds and that we will make a quick 
passage — I hope so. Frances has just come to me in 
despair, her two canaries have been forgotten. We have 
sent a man on shore to see if they can be found. Every- 
thing is in such terrible confusion. A couple of the 
King's couriers have just arrived with letters from his 
Majesty, Monsieur and the Due d'Angouleme — a more 
than gracious act. Canaries found, Frances delighted. 

JUNE 26: NEW YORK 

We arrived here yesterday after a fast passage. The 

heat is intolerable. 



243 



PART V 

THE SPECIAL MISSION TO ENGLAND 

JULY 1823— OCTOBER 1827 

JULY 4: NEW YORK 

A horrible clay here; the noise of the July 4 celebration 
intolerable. I have to rub my eyes to see if I am awake, 
that it is true I am not in the Rue de l'Universite. How 
I regret it. Father is going alone to see the new house 
in Western Virginia — also to Washington. I take mamma 
and Frances to Baltimore to-morrow. We are stopping 
right in the country at a nice old house which belongs 
to the Montgomery family. But the difference in every- 
thing; only about three private coaches in New York — 
no means of getting about. The streets absolutely 
filthy and the heat horrible. I have been nearly every 
night for a long walk. No roads — no paths. I never 
realized the absolutely unfinished state of the American 
cities until I returned. The horrible chewing of tobacco — 
the spitting; all too awful. We have had a charming 
and hospitable reception, but all is so crude. 

JULY 8 

We are now in Baltimore. Not quite so dirty as New 
York. We are with mamma's relations — the Nicholsons. 
They are kindness itself, but I even see that mamma 
feels the change most keenly. The young men of Balti- 
more stare at me as if they thought I were a wild beast 
let loose. Everybody knows everybody else, and all 

244 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

call each other by their christian names. If I am offered 
a post, no matter how humble, abroad, I will accept 
it with joy. 

JULY 12: BALTIMORE 

The heat is something I did not ever realize. We go in a 
few days to some place by the sea. Frances has lost all 
her colour. Albert has written me the most distressing 
letter. It seems he compromised himself with a farmer's 
daughter. They threatened him with exposure and he 
was weak enough to marry her on May 23, when we 
were at sea. He is afraid to tell father and begs me 
not to do so. The girl is living with her family. I do 
not know what to do. Troubles do not come singly. 
It seems this girl is without education. 

SEPTEMBER 10 

Back again in Baltimore and most thankful. A horrible 
place on the Eastern shore of Maryland called Sennox, 
a wooden shanty to live in, food not so bad but we have 
to eat like pigs. When we arrived and saw what it 
was going to be like we commenced to laugh and we could 
not stop ourselves. The poor people thought we must 
be lunatics. Father has gone to his beloved Western 
Virginia alone. Albert is there. He is going to report 
to us how the beautiful new residence is progressing. 
They tell me Baltimore is very cheerful in the winter. It 
does not look much like it now. Mr. Patterson, Madame 
Bonaparte's father, has kindly invited us to dinner, 
fortunately the weather is much cooler. General Reubel 
and his wife have just called. They are living with 
Monsieur Pascault who has the beautiful daughter. 

SEPTEMBER 22 

I have seen Miss Pascault; Madame Bonaparte was 
right. I have never seen anything more lovely. As 
Madame Reubel has invited me to call I will certainly 
take advantage of her invitation. 

245 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

SEPTEMBER 24 

I went this afternoon to Monsieur Pascault's* house, it 
is the oldest house in Baltimore. Most beautiful iron 
gates that he had sent from France, an air of refinement 
about the interior that I have never seen out of France. 
I was received by Madame Reubel, who is very hand- 
some. She has a daughter and two sons; the youngest, 
Frederic, is the handsomest young man I have ever seen. 
He must be about seventeen. Mile Pascault was charming. 
I am without doubt in love with her. Her father has 
lost most of his money. Madame Reubel begged me 
to sup with them to-morrow evening; quite sans facon. 
She wishes to present me to her father — he is very old. 
Madame Pascault never appears. 

SEPTEMBER 26 

I am quite off my head. Monsieur Pascault, who is the 
Marquis de Poleon, is a gentleman of the old regime. 
No wonder his daughter is so well bred. He received 
me with the most wonderful courtesy — tapped a beautiful 
gold snuff-box and offered it to me. The supper quite 
simple but served on beautiful silver. Everything had 
the air of the greatest refinement. I thought my- 
self back in France again. I will speak to father to- 
morrow and beg him to approach Monsieur Pascault — 
with a view of my paying my addresses to his daughter. 

SEPTEMBER 27 

I have written to father, who is in New Geneva, telling 
him that I wish, if she consents, to make Miss Pascault 
my wife. Frances had a letter from him to-day which 
is most amusing. He gives a description of the home. 
The architect is some local man who never built a house 

* Jean Charles Marie Louis Pascault, Marquis de Poleon. His father 
married a Mile Dupuy — daughter of a naval surgeon. It was considered 
a mesalliance, and he was given a large estate in St. Domingo. He died 
in 1766. His son escaped with his family during the massacre of St. 
Domingo. As France was in such a disturbed state he sailed to Baltimore. 

246 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1823 

before. He had no idea of Grecian architecture but a 
style of his own which is Hiberno-teutonic. The outside 
is like a French barracks with port-hole windows, the 
inside ornamentations like those of a Dutch tavern, so 
that the French marble chimney-pieces, mirrors and 
papers which he sent out are rather out of place. The 
workmen are still there and live and board in what 
Lucien calls "The Chateau." The approach to the house 
is hidden by a log-cabin which is occupied by Monsieur, 
Madame, Mile and the petits Bouffe family. Albert 
has taken possession of the only parlour in the old brick 
house. This young gentleman has four guns, a pointer, 
three boats, two riding horses, and a pet colt smaller than 
a jackass. His wardrobe is distributed about the parlour. 
A billiard-table with Albert's old stockings for pockets. 
"So, my dear daughter," he adds, "we will pass the 
winter in Baltimore." This is a respite for us. I am 
delighted, for this will give me an opportunity for pressing 
my suit with Miss Pascault. I am anxiously awaiting 
father's answer to my letter. I know it would be wise. 

SEPTEMBER 29 

I have again called at Mr. Pascault's, and was received 
most kindly. I had some conversation with Mile 
Josephine; she is so absolutely gentle and sweet, I am 
certain I am not good enough for her. We dine at the 
Pattersons' again to-morrow. Madame Bonaparte has 
written to her father to be most civil to us. Madame 
Reubel and Mile Pascault are to be of the guests. 

OCTOBER 25 

Father has returned, and called yesterday on Monsieur 
Pascault. He gave his consent to my paying addresses 
to his daughter. Father was so kind, he said her want 
of fortune should not stand in the way. Alluding to his 
first marriage he added, "She had nothing, but we loved 
each other." Mamma has been left a nice little fortune, 

247 



1823] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

so we are now well off. Mr. Pascault has another daughter 
married to a Mr. O'Donnell, the son of a rich Indian nabob. 
She was married when she was fifteen, and had a child 
before she was sixteen. She is very beautiful like a full- 
blown rose, but seems to have but little brain or education. 

NOVEMBER 2 

My suit is progressing. Josephine likes to hear about 

France. She plays delightfully both the harp and the 

spinet. I talk all sorts of nonsense which all lovers do. 

It has cheered her up as her youth has not been very 

cheerful. 

DECEMBER 6 

All is settled. Mile Pascault has consented to be my wife 
and we are to be married early in the New Year. Mamma 
and Frances are delighted with her. She is so gentle and 
innocent. Mamma says she is like a beautiful lily. 
She is beautiful, there is no doubt about that. Madame 
Reubel rather astonished me by appearing the other day 
in a bright red wig. It seems she has wigs of every 
colour to go with her frocks. A Bonaparte fashion and 
not certainly adopted by the ladies of the Restoration, 
as I never saw such a thing in Paris. General Reubel 
is horrible, has not a penny in the world, stops in bed 
nearly all day, and lives on Monsieur Pascault's bounty. 
Does not attempt to do any work. His daughter will be 
very handsome. A brother of Monsieur Pascault's lives 
in a lodge at the gate but nobody ever speaks to him — 
the reason I do not know. 

DECEMBER 24: CHRISTMAS EVE 

Madame Pascault insisted on our coming to them. 
They all dine with us to-morrow. We have a very 
good house in Charles Street for the winter. Father 
will be much in Washington. 

248 




tier - Jft.jr/tt//f 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1824 
DECEMBER 31 

To-night we all sup with Monsieur Pascault to see the 
New Year in. It is father's first visit to the house. I 
am anxious to see how he treats Reubel. 

JANUARY 2, 1824 

The entertainment at Monsieur Pascault's was of the 
greatest elegance. Father was much pleased and I 
noticed his astonishment at the fine plate, also the 
quantities of family portraits, &c. &c. I fear there is 
going to be delay with regard to our marriage. Jose- 
phine is a Catholic, and that is one thing father is adamant 
about. He will not allow (if we have any children) 
that they should be brought up in that religion. 

JANUARY 5 

Father was forced by his party, but much against his 
will, to accept the candidature for the Vice-Presidency. 
Mr. Crawford's stroke of paralysis required another 
candidate. All this is most annoying. Father does not 
wish to enter into public life again. When he left America 
seven years ago, I believe he vowed never to return. He 
has given the best part of his life and all his energies to his 
adopted country; no one knows better than himself that 
he is disliked, but that they still want to pick his brains 
and make use of him. He goes to Washington to-night. 

FEBRUARY 18 

I had hoped to be married this month, but still this ques- 
tion of religion. The Archbishop of Baltimore declines 
to marry us if there is a Protestant ceremony. 

MARCH 18 

At last all is settled. Monsieur Pascault is disgusted 
with the behaviour of the Archbishop, and has written 
to him to the effect that he will entirely dispense with 
the services of the Church of Rome, that his daughter 

249 



1824] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

will be married in the Protestant Church. He added 
that a wife's first duty was to obey her husband. 

MAY 5 

We are back from our honeymoon and leave shortly 
to join poor mamma at New Geneva. Father still in 
Washington. The Archbishop has excommunicated 
Monsieur Pascault. 

MAY 10 

The French Minister intimated to us that he has an 
important package to deliver into one of our hands, or 
accredited servants. As Lucien was returning here from 
Washington, father sent him for it. Imagine my surprise 
when I found it was addressed to me. It was from the 
Due and Duchesse d'Angouleme — a most beautiful silver- 
gilt vase with their arms on one side — a wedding present. 
It was more than a surprise considering all they have 
been through, on account of the King's death, to have 
given me a thought. Josephine is delighted with it. 
Monsieur Pascault was greatly overcome when he saw it. 
I must consult father in what form to acknowledge it. 
We go in a few days to try the new house at New Geneva. 
It is all ready for our reception. In all events we will 
pass the summer there. It is getting intolerably hot 
here. 

JUNE 8 

We have been here for some time. The place itself is 
delightful. The views superb. Air as pure as air can be, 
but not a soul to speak to — not a neighbour, with the 
exception of some totally uneducated farmers, their 
wives and daughters. We are all here. Frances has a 
pony. Josephine is not allowed to ride at present. 
So I ride a huge farm-horse — who is as thin as a knife; 
no roads, so we risk our lives every moment. Albert 
sometimes rides in front of us, and when we are ap- 

250 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1824 

proaching a dangerous spot he blows a horn. I wish some 
of my Paris intimes could see us — how amused they 
would be. Mamma attends to all our personal comforts. 
We have many too many servants. Frances has named 
it "Castle Solitude." Our greatest friends are the 
mosquitoes, who certainly keep us company. Father 
reads all day as he is compiling some work. It is too 
hot for him to go to Washington at present. Mr. Craw- 
ford is no better. 

SEPTEMBER 20 

Josephine and myself return to Baltimore shortly. 
Monsieur Pascault is very ailing and they seem worried 
about him. Our home is empty, so I think Josephine 
will not suffer too much from the heat. There is a 
rumour about a mission to France. I dare not think of 
it. When we leave, Frances says she will take to her bed. 
It is awful for her. I am certain mamma will not stand 
the winter here. Father will have to be in Washington 
on account of the elections. 

OCTOBER 15 

Greatly to the relief of us all, greatly to the relief of 
father himself, he has been able to withdraw from the 
candidature of Vice-President. It really was nothing 
more than a hope of his party that should Mr. Crawford 
have been elected President his health would have 
obliged him to withdraw, and father would have been 
head of the State. Of course his birth disqualified 
him for standing for the Presidency, and this was the 
only means of putting him in that position. Now they 
are worrying him again with offers of the Treasury, 
but I am certain he will not accept any post of any kind 
or description. I had always heard Carrol-town, the seat 
of the Carrolls, spoken of with almost awe as to its mag- 
nificence. Josephine told me it was nonsense. So to 
see it we went. I really could not help laughing. 

251 



1824] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Merely a square wooden house with a piazza all around it. 
The interior most ordinary. It seems the original 
Carroll, who called himself Carroll of Carrol-town, was 
the natural child of somebody. This I fear is very much 
the habit of the Americans of the Southern States — 
vain boasting. They of course have large plantations 
and slaves; but miserable houses, and live in the most 
untidy manner. To my astonishment I hear there are 
no schools in the Southern States and that all the children 
of the better class have to be sent to the North to be 
educated. Father has decided to remain with mamma, 
Frances and Albert for the winter at New Geneva. Of 
course I am obliged to remain in Baltimore. 

DECEMBER 1824 

My father-in-law is very ill and we are all in close atten- 
dance. Reubel found the air did not agree with him and 
has betaken himself to New York, much to the relief 
of all. Madame Reubel is a delightful woman and has 
suffered much. To be here in Baltimore without money, 
dependent on her friends, must be most galling to her, 
having lived at Court all her life, and particularly at 
the Court of Westphalia, where she was the first lady-in- 
waiting on the Queen. She often describes to us the 
splendours of the Palace at Cassel, which was built 
by the Landgrave of Hesse in imitation of Versailles. 
His son has it now and I believe the whole of his vast 
fortune intact. When she was there and King Jerome 
reigned, she says nothing could equal the extravagance 
of living. She was not at all surprised at the West- 
phalian troops being quite useless to Napoleon, as they 
were never manoeuvred. All was a life of pleasure 
there, from morning until night. We will have, I fear, 
a sad Christmas. I am sorry for Josephine's sake. 

DECEMBER 23 

Monsieur Pascault has recovered wonderfully and insists 

upon having a dinner of all the family on the 31st. He 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1825 

says it will be his last year, and he wants to have them 
all around him. I am sorry I will be away from my 
father and mother, but my duty is by my wife. We 
expect our child in the New Year. 

FEBRUARY 7, 1825 

My dear wife was safely delivered of a fine boy this morn- 
ing. We are going to call him Albert. 

APRIL 15 

Monsieur de Lafayette has arrived and has been received 
with the greatest enthusiasm. His progress is a triumphal 
one. His cause is the emancipation of the Spanish 
Colonies and of Greece. Both of which are dear to the 
hearts of Liberals of all nations. When in Paris father 
received the thanks of the Greek Governor for his efforts 
on their behalf. Now that I am on the subject it seems 
so unfair that father was never allowed to accept an 
order of any kind or to retain any of the superb presents 
that were given to him — all of which are now in Wash- 
ington. All that he did keep was a superb set of glass, 
some eight hundred pieces, that the Emperor Alexander 
gave him as a purely personal gift. 

MAY 15 

Father has just written to me that I must be present 
at Uniontown to help him receive Lafayette, who is 
going to stay a couple of nights with him at Friendship 
Hill. So I am off to-morrow. Josephine is quite well 
and so happy with her baby. I do not mind leaving her. 

MAY 16 

Detained until Thursday, as I have just received a list 
of things which will be wanted by mamma for the 25th: 
it is a mile long. 

MAY 27 

The meeting at Uniontown and the reception of 
Monsieur de Lafayette far surpassed anything I have 

253 



1825] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

ever seen in this country. People came from miles 
away and camped out, bringing their tents. Lafayette 
is the nation's guest so was surrounded by a huge mounted 
bodyguard. He spoke just after father had intro- 
duced him. Father spoke after him and I really think 
he must have been inspired. His French accent seemed 
to leave him as he became excited. The subject was 
the critical position of the Greeks. He must have in- 
spired his audience, as I have never heard such an out- 
burst of genuine enthusiasm and cheering; it lasted 
quite half an hour. Monsieur de Lafayette embraced 
him publicly. We returned to Friendship Hill and 
quite a thousand sat down to supper in relays. Mamma 
had arranged everything wonderfully, rows and rows of 
tables in the garden. Hundreds of niggers all dressed 
in white to serve. Yesterday we passed in comparative 
quiet, but there were callers all day for Monsieur de 
Lafayette. We had a quiet dinner which Monsieur de 
Lafayette said reminded him of the Rue de l'Universite. 
I do not think he was the only one who was reminded 
of it. He left this morning as he has a prolonged tour 
to make and a very short time to make it in. I go back 
to-morrow to bring Josephine and my son here for the 
summer. 

JUNE 20: FRIENDSHIP HILL 

We are all very happy here. The country is beautiful and 
mamma certainly has the art of making everybody 
comfortable. Josephine is delicate but loves the good 
air here, particularly for our boy who is growing apace. 
Father worships him at a distance. A few days since 
I told father for the first time of Mr. Adams' letter to me 
of February last. I had written privately to Mr. Adams 
informing him of father's reasons for refusing the 
Treasury under his administration. Father has always 
been above suspicion and I may frankly say (although 
he is my father) that he is the only one of either party 

254 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 

who has not fallen into some error which has cast 
suspicion on their motives. This Mr. Adams frankly 
acknowledges in his letter to me. When I read this 
paragraph I could see father's evident gratification 
at the opinion held of him by a political opponent — and 
that opponent the actual President of the United States. 
We drifted into reminiscences of Paris. Father's heart 
is there and in Geneva, but only stern duty keeps him 
here. 

AUGUST 

Father at last acknowledges that he made a mistake in 
building this house, and that we will never inhabit it 
after this summer. He has commissioned me to find a 
house in Baltimore for the winter as it is quite near 
enough to Washington for him in case he is obliged to go 
there. I was much gratified at receiving a beautiful 
silver bowl from some of my friends in Paris for my son. 
Albertine de Stael sent the most beautiful baby clothes. 
The first clothes my boy wore were those of Napoleon. 
The Queen of Westphalia gave them to Madame Reubel 
when her boy was born, and she gave them to Josephine. 
He still wears the little dressing-gown that was made by 
Madame Mere. 

MAY 1826 

I cannot realize what has happened. We are actually 
going to England. Mr. Rufus King's (our Minister in 
London) health has broken down. Most important 
matters have to be negotiated. The President has 
begged father to take his place. He has accepted but 
on the condition that he goes on a special mission and 
not as a resident Minister; that he is at liberty to return 
in a year; that an ample sum is to be put at his disposal, 
as he knows that outward show has a great effect on the 
English people. This has all been agreed to privately. 
These are the most important negotiations and can only 

255 



1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

be placed in the hands of a very strong man. The 
whole of the commercial questions to be finally settled. 
The most important are the North-Eastern and North- 
Western Boundary questions. Also the Commercial 
Convention which father negotiated in 1815 in London, 
and again in 1818 to last ten years. 

MAY 25 

I am torn both ways. I know I could be of the greatest 
use to father. It is impossible to take our child at his 
age across the ocean, as the discomforts, particularly 
where food is concerned, are so great. Josephine is 
quite willing for me to go, in fact urges me to do so. I 
will leave the matter entirely in father's hands. 

JUNE 7 

It is finally decided I am to accompany father, but only 
for six months should I be wanted at home. For many 
reasons this is thought to be for the best. As now 
arranged we sail on July 1. I am doing all I can to pro- 
vide for more comfort for the voyage. I often wonder 
how father has stood so many of these disagreeable 
crossings of the Atlantic. The horrible cramped feeling. 
The misery of a gale when we can barely crawl about, 
and the absolute horrors of a fog. We are to take a very 
southerly course this time. Both father and mother are 
very much annoyed. At the last moment an applica- 
tion was made to father asking him to take a Miss Bates 
to England. It seems she is to marry a Monsieur Van 
der Weyer, a Belgian avocat. The latter made him- 
self very useful to Prince Leopold, the husband of Prin- 
cess Charlotte. None of us know or ever heard of the 
Bates family; they are very rich and extremely vulgar. 
Father could not refuse. 

AUGUST: LONDON 

We sailed on July 1, and arrived here a few days since. 
We have a beautiful house in Seymour Street. 

£56 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 

I have seen to the carriages and horses, all jobbed but 
very fine. 

AUGUST 20 

The King received us last week and was most gracious. 
But what a change since I last saw him. He is fat, 
very red in the face and unwieldy. 

SEPTEMBER 

As nearly the entire Cabinet had left London, including 
Mr. Canning, father thought it a good opportunity to 
pay a visit to Paris. He particularly wished to consult 
Pozzo di Borgo on several very important matters. 
He finds that Bonapartism is nearly extinct. He found 
Monsieur de Lafayette in a far more peaceful frame 
of mind than when he paid his visit to America. He 
spoke to him in the most forcible language of his love of 
petty plotting. He seems now to realize that such 
things are futile. His one wish now is to see the Due 
d'Orleans on the throne as a constitutional Monarch. 
I fear this is in the dim future. Lafayette is strongly 
in favour of the Duke's disputing the legitimacy of 
the Due de Bordeaux. We had an interview with 
Monsieur de Vilelle, who seems much annoyed with 
the President's message, particularly with regard to 
Hayti. I do not think father gave him much satisfac- 
tion. A funny incident I must record. When we 
crossed to Boulogne mamma had to dress on board for a 
reception at that port, which was being given to Monsieur 
de Lafayette. On our arrival it was low tide and as is 
the custom fishermen came out to the pacquet in shallow 
water to carry us to the shore — fisherwomen for the 
ladies. Mamma was mounted on the back of a fat 
Boulognese. Not thinking the woman was going fast 
enough she prodded her with her heels. The woman 
lost her temper and dropped mamma in about a foot of 
water. We could not help laughing to see her sitting 

257 



1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

up to her waist in water. She was in red velvet with a 
huge turban covered with white feathers. The more we 
laughed the more enraged she became. At last she was 
rescued and carried, dripping, ashore. She had to be taken 
at once to an inn and dried. She will never forgive us. 
I find Paris delightful, but few of our friends here as all 
are at their chateaux or by the sea. I visited all my old 
haunts and have registered a vow that the moment I am 
in a position to do so I will return here to live and die. 

OCTOBER: LONDON 

We have now returned here and are seriously at work, 
and plenty of it.* 

ALBERT GALLATIN to J. Q. ADAMS 

London, October 18, 1826 
Dear Sir, 

I had intended next spring, before my return to 
America, to have an excursion to Paris once more to see 
some of my friends. Mr. Canning's absence and the 
dispersion of the other members of the Cabinet having 
left me literally without anything to do here, I em- 
braced what was the most favourable opportunity of 
making that journey, from which I have just returned. 
My letter of yesterday to the Secretary of State contains 
the substance of the information I was able to collect 
there; and I will now add some particulars which, as 
they involve the names of individuals, I did not wish to 
remain on record in the Department of State. 

In the course of a long conversation with Pozzo di 
Borgo the state of our relations with Great Britain was 
alluded to. I told him that the Emperor's decision in 
the case of slaves carried away and the convention 
relative thereto had not been carried into effect by Great 
Britain in conformity with what we considered their 

* James Gallatin went to America in 1826 and returned to London in 
.March, 1827. 

258 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 

real intention and meaning; that the British Govern- 
ment had offered to compromise the matter by payment 
of a sum of money which fell short of our expectations; 
but that we were nevertheless inclined to accept it, 
principally on account of the reluctance we felt to trouble 
the Emperor by an appeal, asking from him further 
explanation of his decision. Pozzo immediately ex- 
pressed his wish that we might compromise or other- 
wise adjust the matter without making such an appeal, 
which, particularly at this time, would be, as-he thought, 
extremely inconvenient to the Emperor; and speaking 
of the Maine Boundary question, with which and its 
possible consequences he appeared well acquainted, 
he appeared also desirous, though he did not express 
himself as positively as on that of slaves, that Russia 
should not be selected as the umpire. I only observed 
that if there was any inconvenience in being obliged 
to make decisions which might not please both parties, 
that inconvenience was less to Russia than to any other 
Power, and that a compensation for it was found in the 
additional degree of consideration accruing to the Monarch 
in whom such confidence was placed. All this, however, 
corroborates what I have stated in my official letter 
respecting an approximation between Russia and Great 
Britain, and the disposition of the Emperor to interfere 
less than his predecessor in affairs in which he has no 
immediate interest. 

The most remarkable change discoverable to France 
is the extinction of Bonapartism, both as relates to 
dynasty and to the wish of a military Government. 
This, I am happy to say, appears to have had a favour- 
able effect on our friend Lafayette, who was very un- 
governable in all that related to petty plots during my 
residence at Paris as Minister, and to whom I had again 
spoken on the same subject in the most forcible manner 
whilst he was in America. His opinions and feelings are 
not changed; but he appears to be thoroughly satisfied 

259 



1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

of the hopelessness of any attempt to produce a change 
at present; and he confines his hopes to a vague expec- 
tation that, after the death of the present King and 
of the Dauphin, the Due d'Orleans will dispute the 
legitimacy of the Duke of Bordeaux and become a 
constitutional King. This is such a doubtful and distant 
contingency as is not likely to involve Lafayette in any 
difficulties. Mr. de Villele complained to me of those 
expressions in the President's message which declared 
Hayti to have placed herself in a state of vassalage to 
France, as calculated to increase the dissatisfaction 
amongst the people of the island at the late arrangement. 
He said that he was aware of the objections of a very 
different nature which we had to a recognition of the inde- 
pendence of Hayti, but did not see the necessity of alleging 
the reason alluded to. As I did not wish and did not 
think it at all proper to enter into any discussion of the 
subject, I answered, as if in jest, "Qu'un tribut, impose 
a une colonie comme le prix de son independance, etait 
contraire aux grands principes" I forgot to mention 
the circumstance to Mr. Brown, and do not know whether 
the thing had already been complained of to him. If so, 
its being repeated to me — and they were almost the 
first words Mr. de Villele addressed to me — shows that 
it must have made a deep impression on the French 
Government. This reminds me that I received here a 
communication from a respectable quarter stating that, 
a few days before the publication of the order in council 
of July last, one of the King's Ministers had complained 
to a confidential friend of the general tone of the American 
(United States) diplomacy towards England, still more 
so as respected manner than matter, and added that it 
was time to show that this was felt and resented. As to 
manner, the reproach cannot certainly attach either 
to Mr. Rush's or Mr. King's correspondence; and I know, 
from a conversation with Mr. Addington, that in that 
respect Mr. Clay's has been quite acceptable. On looking 

260 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 

at your own communications, I am satisfied that those 
to the British Ministers can have given no offence what- 
ever, and that what they allude to and which has offended 
them is your instructions to Mr. Rush, printed by order 
of the Senate, and which have been transmitted both to 
Mr. Canning and to Mr. Huskisson; a circumstance, 
by the by, not very favourable to negotiations still pend- 
ing. That they have no right to complain of what you 
wrote to our own Minister is obvious; still, I think the 
fact to be so. 

I forgot to mention in my letter of yesterday to the 
Secretary of State that there is some alarm amongst 
the legitimates about a plan of Metternich to change 
the line of succession in Austria, or a plea of the pre- 
sumed incapacity of the heir presumptive; and that the 
King of the Netherlands has at last, by his unabated and 
exclusive attention to business and by his perfect probity 
and sincerity, so far conquered the prejudices of the 
Belgians as to have become highly respected and almost 
popular amongst them. 

I have the honour, &c, 

Albert Gallatin 
NOVEMBER 14 

Yesterday the Convention of 1818 was renewed and 
signed; a meeting again to-morrow. Mr. King left 
yesterday. Mr. Lawrence is expected to-day. 

DECEMBER 

Father is anxious that the Emperor of Russia should 
act as arbiter on the North-Eastern Boundary question, 
but Prince Lieven thinks it will not be convenient for 
him to do so. 

DECEMBER 

Frances is enjoying herself amazingly and is I think a great 
favourite. She is at present paying some visits in the 
country with mamma. The Marchioness of Stafford has 

261 



1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

been most gracious. She has bidden us all to Trentham 
in January. They say it is a most magnificent palace, 
and that wonderful state is kept up. The Duke of 
Devonshire, whom we knew in 1818, has been most atten- 
tive. He is not married and never will. It seems he is 

the son of the Duke : that at nearly the same time 

the Duchess had a daughter, the Duke's mistress had a 
son — as they were most anxious for an heir the babies 
were changed. For a long time the deception was kept 
up, but somebody in the end confessed. This Duke 
was then in possession of the title; as he was so much 
beloved it was agreed that he should retain all his honours 
but that he was never to marry. 

The Barings were most cordial in their greetings to 
us. We dine with them on Christmas Day. At times I 
feel very low in my mind and feel that after all I should 
not have left my dear wife and child. I was torn both 
ways. It seems to take such an unconscionable time to 
receive any news from home. The King goes openly 
everywhere with Lady Conyngham. Scandal says she is 
getting all the money and property that she can for her 
children, before the King dies. She wore the other night 
at Princess Lieven's all the Crown Sapphires. They say 
the King has given them to her. 

DECEMBER 15 

There is not much entertaining. The King is at Brighton. 
I met Mr. Greville* the other night. He is Clerk of the 
Council. I was amused to see him making notes of the 
different things I told him. Rather a pedantic person. 
Princess Lieven is the Ambassador: Prince Lieven is 
absolutely a nonentity. Lord Goderich is always the 
same delightful gentleman, it is a pleasure to meet him. 
Lord Grey I suppose means to be civil, but his manners 
are not what they should be. Mr. Canning is always 

* Charles Greville, author of Journals of the reigns of George IV and 
William IV. 

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DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1826 

most gracious to father, who likes him very much but 
does not think him a very strong man. Lady Wellesley 
(Mrs. Robert Patterson*) has been in London. We dined 
with her. Of course now she is a very great lady, and 
does not forget it. She has asked me to come to Dublin 
after Christmas. She says I will be much amused at 
Dublin society and the Viceregal Court. I will certainly 
go if there is not too much work here. There is that 
horrible Irish Channel to be considered and the very long 
journey. Mamma arrives to-morrow. We have to 
entertain some Americans, there are a great many in 
London at present. Father has declined to present 
any at Court. He is not resident Minister only a special 
Ambassador. 

I ride every day as I fear I am getting fat; Mrs. Baring 
has just told mamma that she has invited every available 
member of the Baring family to her Christmas dinner. 
We are to be the only outsiders. 

DECEMBER 20 

Looked in at White's. All intent on gambling. While 
I was there a sum of £8000 changed hands. Had some 
supper; a thick fog, had to have a link man to show 
me the way home. 

DECEMBER 21 

Dined at a large Diplomatic dinner at Prince Jules de 
Polignac's at the French Embassy; all men — we sat 
down thirty-six. I was delighted to meet Montmorency; 
we had a good talk over our old days in Paris. He says 
things are much changed now, and that the King is 
much disliked. Our successors are not at all well re- 
ceived and do not entertain at all. After dinner, Mont- 

* Mrs. Robert Patterson, widow of Robert Patterson, who was a 
brother of Madame Bonaparte Patterson, married, some years after the 
death of her husband, the Marquis of Wellesley, Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland, elder brother of the Duke of Wellington. 

263 



1826] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

morency and I went for a short time to White's and had 
supper late. London unutterably dull. Mamma is 
very. happy as she has a perfect riot of churches to go to. 
It will be gayer after Christmas, but only among the 
Corps Diplomatique. We are booked for several visits. 
I was delighted with a long letter from my dear wife. 
All are well and seem very happy. Father will have 
to have some sort of reception for the Americans in the 
New Year. We really make quite a show. We are 
using all our old French State liveries — which are per- 
fectly fresh. 

DECEMBER 26 

We had a delightful Christmas with the Barings, who 
are hospitality itself. There are Barings of all shapes and 
colours, all sizes — tall ones, short ones, lean ones, fat 
ones, but all are so nice and cheerful; they seem indeed 
a united family. We played all sorts of silly games 
and became children again. I could not keep my thoughts 
from home. Mr. Baring would drink my wife and boy's 
health, this nearly broke me up. 
We have a big reception of Americans on January 2. 

# 

DECEMBER 29 

Driving home late last night near the top of Park Lane, 
we heard cries for help. I jumped down and found a 
hackney-coach which had been stopped by footpads. 
Two lonely females were in it. They had stunned the 
jarvey. I at once escorted them to our coach and we 
drove them home. They lived quite close to us. A 
Lady Lucy and her daughter. We had just come upon 
them in the nick of time and had disturbed the robbers. 
We never go out at night without at least two footmen 
and generally father's chasseur as well. It is extra- 
ordinary how unsafe London is at night, and in the very 
best quarters. 

264 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

DECEMBER 30 

Rumours of a change in the Cabinet, but nothing definite. 
The King comes to Buckingham House in a few days. 
There is a report that Lord Liverpool is ill — not con- 
firmed. . . . 

JANUARY 3, 1827 

The "rout" for all of our compatriots last night was as 
successful as any "rout" can be; to be several hours 
sitting in a coach before arriving at the door of one's 
destination; then to crawl up about three or four steps 
every half-hour; to be stifled and toes trodden upon; 
to make a bow to your hosts; to edge one's way through 
the crowd; to drink hot champagne and secure an ice 
down one's back. Then to start one's journey back 
again. If this spells pleasure, then a "rout" is pleasant. 
We indeed take our pleasures oddly. 
"Crockford's," the magnificent new gambling-hell in St. 
James's Street, was opened yesterday. Pozzo di Borgo, 
Prince Esterhazy, the Duke of Wellington, Talleyrand, 
&c. &c, all belong to it. Pozzo took me under his wing. 
It was very fine. Supper lavish. It is to be the fashion- 
able gambling resort of the aristocracy. 

JANUARY 6 

The Duke of York died yesterday quietly seated in an 
arm-chair. This of course puts the Court into deep 
mourning. They say he never recovered from the 
shock of the Duchess of Rutland's death — his mistress. 
She induced him to build that huge palace in the Mall 
called York House. He incurred huge debts. I only 
saw him once or twice in 1818. He was a great contrast 
to the then Prince Regent — coarse and very loud in 
his manners; a viveur in every sense of the word. He 
had the reputation of being a most loyal friend, and never 
forsook anybody who was in trouble. Peace to his 

265 



1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

ashes ! I will have to go to the funeral as father's health 
does not permit him to attend such ceremonies. 

JANUARY 20 

We have had some difficulty with our coachman. He 
committed an assault outside the Embassy but took 
refuge when they were about to arrest him in the Embassy. 
Of course no officers of the law can enter an Embassy. 
Father was informed of the matter. He inquired into 
the facts of the case and absolutely refused to give the 
man up. It has caused a good deal of correspondence 
and the matter is not yet closed. 

Our visit to Trentham was a great success. It is a 
palace indeed, and such magnificence I have never seen 
outside a royal residence, either here, in France, or 
in Russia. Lady Stafford received us in her usual 
dignified and gracious manner. She has always liked 
father, I believe, because Madame de Stael was so fond 
of him, and she had a cult for her. My room 
was quite beautiful, looking out on a fine sheet 
of water. In summer it must be perfectly beautiful. 
Then it stands empty as all the family come up to Lon- 
don. The reception rooms, state rooms, &c. &c, 
beggar description, full of superb works of art. We 
were sixty guests, a large portion of the Corps Diploma- 
tique and Mr. Canning. Great ceremony for dinner, 
but the rest of the day we were allowed to do exactly 
as we chose. Horses to ride, coaches of all sorts at 
our disposal. Dancing and music in the evening. I 
thoroughly enjoyed it. So did Frances. 

JANUARY 25 

We are going on apace with the negotiations for the 
absolutely final settlement of the Commercial Treaty. 
Of course delays are inevitable in so important a matter. 
Lord Liverpool has seemed very odd in his manner 
lately as if he were half dazed. Walked in the Mall 

266 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

this morning with Frances, the inevitable footman fol- 
lowing us. Lord Cassillis called to-day with his charm- 
ing wife; she was a daughter of Mr. and Lady Mary Watts. 
Lady Mary was brought up in America as she and her 
sister, Lady Cathrine Duer, were the daughters of Lord 
Stirling. Mamma had known them well. 

FEBRUARY 

There is a Cabinet crisis which has kept everything 
at a standstill — very annoying. We dined with the 
Duke of Devonshire yesterday, at his house in Piccadilly. 
He is a most gracious host. Snappy Charles Greville, 
always asking questions and taking notes, was there. 
A book called "Vivian Grey," published by Colburn 
and immensely puffed, appeared last year. There were 
many surmises as to who the author was. Great 
names were mentioned and there was much speculation 
on the matter. It now turns out to be by a quite 
unknown youth called Disraeli, a Jew. Greville had the 
audacity to say that he knew who the author was from 
the first. Father thought well of the book. Lady 
Conyngham appears in the depth of mourning for the 
Duke of York. This causes much amusement. I do not 
think we will remain here much longer. I am most 
anxious to return home. 

Father is really despondent, everything goes at a snail's 
pace. Mr. Adams after promising him an absolutely 
free hand is evidently irritated by Mr. Clay's continual 
interference and also influenced by him. Father looks 
upon Mr. Clay as simply an obstinate firebrand who is 
not capable of grasping or dealing with a subject without 
prejudice. The present negotiations are of a most delicate 
nature and have to be treated as such. Here it seems 
the custom for statesmen to conceal the truth. In 
France they do not pretend to tell the truth. The 
President has written a private letter to father begging 
him to remain in England. It is flattering to his vanity, 

267 



1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

but he has none. He is determined after this mission 
is fulfilled to give up political life altogether. 

FEBRUARY 28 

Lord Liverpool had a stroke on the 17th, and died yester- 
day. Father does not think this will make any difference. 
He hopes that Mr. Canning will not be Prime Minister. 
It will be some time before anything definite is decided. 

MARCH 

We seem to be slowly creeping toward the end. Patience 
is the only thing and we want a sack full of it. Supped 
at Crockford's last night. Talleyrand was opposite to me 
and looked more like an ape than ever. The absolute 
silence of the gambling-rooms is extraordinary. I cannot 
realize the passion for gambling. I suppose it is a disease, 
like everything else. Father has little dinners of his 
beloved cronies, Humboldt, Pozzo di Borgo, Baring, &c. 
I really enjoy their delightful conversation — their 
contempt for the world amuses me. 

MARCH 

The weather, which has been dreadful, is a little better. 
No entertaining to speak of. Desperately dull. I am 
glad I have plenty of work to do. Mr. Lawrence seems 
very capable and father is much pleased with him. 

APRIL 10 

Mr. Canning is now Prime Minister. It seems to have 
put him into a good temper and he is far more gracious, 
although his temper at times is very trying. Father, 
much to his disgust, has been summoned by the King 
to Brighton — I go with him. 

APRIL 15 

We only stopped one night at Brighton. Rooms had been 
prepared for us at a house close to the Pavilion, which 

268 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

the King keeps for his guests. We were received by 
his Majesty, who was lying on a divan — he could hardly 
hold himself up. Lady Conyngham was present at 
first, but at a nod from the King, retired. She looks 
as if she had something of a temper. The King spoke 
on several political subjects, and for a wonder with great 
lucidity. He said suddenly, " Canning is a damned 
old woman." We were bid to sup with the Royal circle. 
I could see that father could hardly dissemble his disgust. 
The conversation was boisterous and indecent. Cards 
after supper, and on a plea of being very fatigued father 
begged leave to retire. He and I went for a walk by the 
sea. The only remark he made was, "And that is a 
King." We left in the morning without seeing His 
Majesty. 

APRIL 24 

Mr. Canning's temper has become most uncertain. At 
dinner last night father was sitting next to Baron Hum- 
boldt; after dinner, Mr. Canning came up to father and 
said, "The opinion universally entertained abroad and 
generally in England is that the Government is an aris- 
tocracy — it is not, it is a monarchy." Both father and 
Baron Humboldt were much surprised at this extra- 
ordinary outburst. They could not explain it. Some 
of the gentlemen sitting near, too, heard this remark 
and seemed much astonished. Later on the Duke of 
Wellington had a chair brought and placed between 
father and Humboldt. He made himself most agreeable, 
but seemed worried about something. He suddenly 
said, "Do you find anything odd in Mr. Canning's 
manner?" 

ALBERT GALLATIN to HENRY CLAY 

London, April 28, 1827 
... At the dinner of the 23rd, Mr. Canning came near 
Baron Humboldt and me and told us, "You see that 

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1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

the opinion universally entertained abroad, and very 
generally indeed in England, that this Government is 
an aristocracy, is not true. It is," said he emphatically, 
"a monarchy. The Whigs had found it out in 1784, 
when they tried to oppose the King's prerogative of 
choosing his Prime Minister. The Tories have now re- 
peated the same experiment, and with no greater success." 
He appears certainly very confident, and speaks of any 
intended opposition in Parliament as if he had no fear 
of it. As all the leading newspapers are in his favour, 
I enclose the only pamphlet of note that has appeared 
on the other side. 

An infusion of Whiggism in the Ministry, by the 
accession of such a man as the Marquis of Lansdowne, 
might perhaps, after a while, have produced some favour- 
able change in the policy of the Administration towards 
the United States. For the present, none can be ex- 
pected. I do not believe that there is a single question 
between us in which the Ministers will not be supported 
by the public opinion of the country in taking rank 
ground against us. Our dependence for friendly arrange- 
ments rests solely on the superior sense of the Ministers. 
Unfortunately Mr. Huskisson * is less favourably disposed 
towards the United States, principally on the commercial 
subjects, than towards any other country. And, having 
to meet in other respects a formidable opposition to his 
plans, he may be disposed to regain some popularity 
with the shipping interest to pursuing with the United 
States measures inconsistent with his avowed general 
principles on that subject. If there is any reaction 
as relates to us, it must come from the West Indies, and 
perhaps, at last, from the manufacturing interests. 

I have been compelled to remain perfectly quiet for 
the last months; but now that a temporary Adminis- 
tration is formed, which will last at least as long as this 

* William Huskisson, Colonial Secretary 1827, responsible for the 
repeal of the Navigation laws. 

270 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

session of Parliament, I will ascertain in the course of 
next week whether it is intended that our negotiations 
should be resumed. Mr. Canning, on the 23rd, again 
expressed great regret that they should have been so 
long interrupted, and intimated his intention of having, 
within a few days, a special conversation with me. 
I have the honour, and &c, 

Albert Gallatin 

MAY 

People are returning to London, and it promises to be a 
very gay season. Already we have several invitations, 
but we are here for too short a time to make really any 
friends. The Court returns to Buckingham House in 
June, but there will not be any Court entertainments, 
which is a relief. London is looking her best now; 
the Park is gay with flowers. I ride out to Kew and Rich- 
mond in the early morning — before anybody is stirring. 
Lady Kensington has been most kind to mamma and 
Frances. Miss Edwards and the latter are inseparable. 
I go sometimes to Holland House, which is very beautiful. 

JUNE 

Took Frances to Kew Gardens this afternoon. Flowers 
and plants beautiful. Dinner at the French Embassy. 
Glad to see some of my old Paris friends. Mr. Canning 
more and more odd in his manner. Lord Goderich 
had a long interview with father this morning. 

JUNE 4 

Took Frances to Eton for the 4th of June. A fine com- 
pany, a very charming sight. The procession of boats 
delightful and very English. We are stopping at the 
White Hart Inn, directly opposite the Castle. Lady 
Kensington, her son and daughter, are of our party. 

JUNE 10 

Matters are going on very well, and father has great 
hopes of a speedy settlement. A splendid banquet 

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1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

at the Duke of Wellington's last night. A wonderful 
display of gold plate. A rout at Lady Lansdowne's. 
It took me exactly one hour to get from the top to the 
bottom of the stairs. I was wedged between Charles 
Greville and an immensely fat Dowager. We all three 
moved step by step together — and this is called pleasure. 
Dinner at Devonshire House to-night. The Court is at 
Buckingham House, but no entertaining. 

JUNE 15 

Frances has just come in from a walk in the Mall. She 
made us guess whom she met — fat Miss Bates whom we 
brought from America with us. The King was in a 
wheeled chair; Lady Conyngham walking along side of 
him. The weather intolerably hot. Good news from 
home. All are well. Plenty of work for me to-night. 

JULY 

Work, work, work, nothing but work, copying dispatches, 
preparing drafts of treaty, only to be torn up and new 
ones made. Weather intolerably hot. I will be glad 
when all is signed and sealed and we can have a little 
breathing time. Mamma and Frances in their element 
as they are dining out every night, and routs and balls 
following. Mrs. Baring is most assiduous in her atten- 
tions and insists on chaperoning Frances when mamma 
is tired. 

AUGUST 

Bad rumours of Mr. Canning's health; some say he 
cannot possibly live. 

AUGUST 10 

Mr. Canning died on the 8th. Lord Goderich, much to 
father's delight, is Prime Minister. All will now be 
plain sailing. When this treaty is signed it will be a 
final and we hope a lasting one. Certainly nothing 

272 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

has been left to chance, every detail has been discussed, 
assuring peace for years to come. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to HENRY CLAY 

London, August 14, 1827 
Sir, 

It is now understood that the new Administration of 
this c ntry is to be but a continuation of that of Mr. Can- 
ning, to act on the same principles, and no new appoint- 
ments to be made but those that are strictly necessary. 

Lord Goderich is First Lord of the Treasury. Lord 
Harrowby, President of the Council, retires from office, 
principally on account of a domestic affliction. Marquis 
Lansdowne, Lord Dudley, and the other Ministers, 
with the exception perhaps of Mr. Huskisson, remain in 
their respective offices. The Duke of Wellington may 
resume his place of Commander-in-Chief, but without a 
seat in the Cabinet, which he could not with propriety 
have accepted, since his fellow-seceders were excluded. 
Mr. Peel, and this is the greatest loss to the Administra- 
tion, cannot at this time come in, having so lately com- 
mitted himself by his solemn declaration that his reason 
for resigning was that he could not make part of an 
Administration at the head of which was a friend to 
Catholic emancipation. 

The places to be filled are: (1) the President of the 
Council; and I have not heard who is intended, perhaps 
the Duke of Portland; (2) Colonial Department, vacant 
by Lord Goderich's promotion; (3) Chancellor of the Ex- 
chequer, an office which as a peer he cannot fill. It is 
probable that the option of these two places will be given 
to Mr. Huskisson, now on the Continent, where he was 
to remain three months, but whom the late event will 
probably bring back. The last place is that for which 
he is best qualified, and to which he is called by public 
opinion — but his precarious health will probably induce 
him to take the Colonial Department, as less laborious 

273 



1827] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

and, above all, as requiring less public speaking. In 
that case Mr. Herries, the principal Under-Secretary 
of the Treasury, and a capable man, but without political 
influence, will probably be the Chancellor, though Lord 
Palmerston is also spoken of; and Mr. Grant, now 
Vice-President, will naturally become President of the 
Board of Trade. 

The great difficulty is who shall succeed Mr. Canning 
as leader of the House of Commons. Mr. Peel, who 
would have more of their confidence than any other man, 
is out of the question; and all that can be hoped is that, 
agreeing on almost every subject but that of the Catholic 
emancipation with the members of the Cabinet, he 
will not become the leader of an opposition. Without 
him there hardly can be one in the House of Commons; 
and the return of the Duke of Wellington to the command 
of the Army would go far to paralyse that in the House 
of Lords, whilst it would add to the weight of the 
Administration abroad. Mr. Brougham is undoubtedly 
the first man in the House of Commons, superior to Mr. 
Canning in force and logic, at least equal in sarcastic 
powers, far more consistent in his political opinions; 
but these are much too rank for the House, and, perhaps 
for the nation. Not even a moderate Whig would do 
for the present, and Mr. Brougham is, besides too harsh, 
better calculated to drive than to lead. Mr. Huskisson 
is, therefore, the only man; and he is accordingly looked 
on and intended as the Ministerial leader in the House. 

This place, for it is one united to the superiority of 
his talents and energy over his colleagues, would make 
him in reality almost Prime Minister, if he was not 
rather a sensible than an eloquent speaker, and if 
it was not that he must govern through at least two of 
his associates — Lord Goderich, who besides all the patron- 
age of his office, must be considered as the head of the 
moderate Tory Party, and Marquis Lansdowne, who is 
the head of almost the whole Whig Party; both also 
greatly and justly respected, and men of sound judg- 

274 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1827 

ment and solid, if not showy, talents. Power will be 
more divided than under Mr. Canning. I think that the 
influence of Marquis Lansdowne would be greater if 
he could be transferred to the Foreign Office. As matters 
now stand, the great political questions will be decided 
by the Cabinet. Mr. Huskisson will have more weight 
in those affecting the finances of the country; he will 
direct almost exclusively (with the exception of the corn 
question) the commercial regulations, whether interior 
or in their connexion with foreign relations. 

There will, therefore, be no change in the policy of 
Great Britain towards us. The question of Colonial inter- 
course was decided almost entirely by Mr. Huskisson's 
influence. He adheres to that decision, and immediately 
before leaving the country again committed himself in 
that respect by positive assurance to merchants interested 
in the subject. All the difficulties in renewing the com- 
mercial convention, and the determination not to renew 
it unless it might be rescinded at will, also originated 
with him. He has an undue and not very liberal jealousy 
of the increasing navigation of the United States. In 
other respects he cannot be said to be hostile to them; 
and he would wish that causes of actual rupture might 
be removed. I have reason to believe that he would be 
in favour of a satisfactory arrangement on the subject 
of impressment. 

His views in regard of the country west of the Rocky 
Mountains are, on the whole, temperate, and the diffi- 
culties on the subject of the North-East Boundary cannot 
be ascribed to him. Whether his reign will last is ex- 
tremely doubtful, his general health is precarious, and 
he has an organic affection of the throat, so serious 
that he never made a long speech during the last session 
of Parliament without experiencing a relapse. 

The present Administration will, at all events, last till 
after the next meeting of Parliament in January, and 
will probably become permanent if not disturbed by 
untoward events. The critical situation of affairs in 

275 



1842] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

Portugal is at this moment the principal cause of 
embarrassment. 

I have the honour to be respectfully, sir, 

Your most obedient servant, 

Albert Gallatin 
AUGUST 16 

A treaty was signed to-day which continues the Com- 
mercial Convention of 1815 indefinitely. All is now 
entirely satisfactorily settled and we return at once to 
America. 

SEPTEMBER 

London empty. We have to go to Brighton to take formal 
leave of his Majesty. We sail on October 9. All 
left now for us to do is to settle our domestic affairs. 
Mamma and Frances are paying some farewell visits in 
the country. Father is serenely content and believes 
there will be peace for many years between Great Britain 
and the United States. 

OCTOBER 9: LIVERPOOL 

We embark to-morrow morning. The weather very bad. 
It is a bad season of the year but we must take our chance. 
Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Baring have accompanied us 
here — most kind of the latter. I leave with some regret, 
but long to see my dear wife and child. Now for a new 
life in the New World. 

The following letter from Lord Ashburton to Albert Gallatin, seven years 
before the latter' s death, is of interest as showing at once the friendly feel- 
ing between America and England which was the fruit of his labours, and 
also the great esteem in which he himself was held. 

LORD ASHBURTON to ALBERT GALLATIN 

Washington, April 12, 1842 
Dear Mr. Gallatin, 

My first destination was to approach America 
through New York, but the winds decided otherwise, 

276 



DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN [1842 

and I was landed at Annapolis. In one respect only this 
was a disappointment, and a serious one. I should have 
much wished to seek you out in your retreat to renew 
an old and highly valued acquaintance, and I believe 
and hope I may add, friendship; to talk over with you 
the Old and New World, their follies and their wisdom, 
their present and bygone actors, all of which nobody 
understands so well as you do, and, what is more rare, 
nobody that has crossed my passage in life has appeared 
to me to judge with the same candid impartiality. This 
pleasure of meeting you is, I trust, only deferred. I shall, 
if I live to accomplish my work here, certainly not 
leave the country without an attempt to find you out 
and to draw a little wisdom from the best well, though 
it may be too late for my use in the work I have in hand 
and very much at heart. 

You will probably be surprised at my undertaking 
this task at my period of life, and when I am left to my 
own thoughts I am sometimes surprised myself at my 
rashness. People here stare when I tell them that I 
listened to the debates in Congress on Mr. Jay's treaty 
in 1795, and seem to think that some antediluvian has 
come amongst them out of his grave. The truth is that 
I was tempted by my great anxiety in the cause, and 
the extreme peace between our countries. The latter 
circumstance induced my political friends to press this 
appointment upon me, and with much hesitation, founded 
solely upon my health and age, I yielded. In short, here 
I am. My reception has been everything I could expect 
or wish; but your experience will tell you that little can 
be inferred from this until real business is entered upon. 
I can only say that it shall not be my fault if we do not 
continue to live on better terms than we have lately done, 
and, if I do not understand the present very anomalous 
state of parties here, or misinterpret public opinion 
generally, there appears to be no class of politicians 
of any respectable character indisposed to peace with us 



1842] DIARY OF JAMES GALLATIN 

on reasonable terms. I expect and desire to obtain no 
other, and my present character of a diplomatist is so 
new to me that I know no other course but candour and 
plain dealing. The most inexpert protocolist would beat 
me hollow at such work. I rely on your good wishes, 
my dear sir, though I have nothing else, and that you 
will believe me unfeignedly yours, 

Ashburton 



779 



APPENDIX I 

Correspondence between Albert Gallatin and Alexander 
Baring; showing the state of feeling in England towards 
America and the possibilities of the success of the mission. 

ALBERT GALLATIN to MESSRS. BARING BROS. & CO. 

Gottenburg, June 22, 1813 
Gentlemen, 

The President of the United States having ac- 
cepted on the part of the said States the mediation offered 
by the Emperor of Russia, Mr. Bayard and myself have 
been appointed, jointly with Mr. Adams, Ministers, 
with full powers to treat of peace with such Ministers as 
may be appointed on the part of Great Britain. We 
left the United States in the public ship Neptune, Captain 
Lloyd Jones, on May 11, arrived here on the 20th 
instant, and intend to proceed this evening in the ship 
on our way to St. Petersburg. 

We are authorized to draw on you for our salaries 
and for the contingent expenses of the mission, and, 
in order to assist us with the best mode of negotiating 
bills, will thank you to let us know at St. Petersburg 
the course of exchange between London and Amsterdam. 

We will also be obliged to you to have the account and 
date of our arrival in Lloyd's list and some other paper, 
as it may give to our friends in America the earliest 
account of our safe arrival. 

Of the fact that we are appointed to treat and on our 
way to St. Petersburg for that purpose, as stated in the 

279 



APPENDIX I 

first paragraph of this letter, I should wish your Govern- 
ment to be informed. And we will be thankful for any 
intelligence connected with our mission which you may 
deem important and which you may feel at liberty to 
communicate. We sailed with a passport from Admiral 
Warren; and whatever may be the result of this mission, 
we feel anxious to return speedily and safely to America. 
We will detain the Neptune at St. Petersburg for that 
purpose, and may want a passport from your Govern- 
ment for her return with ourselves and suite on board. 
It is presumable that this will be obtained without 
difficulty. And will thank you to make the inquiry, 
and to cause, if necessary, such passport to be forwarded 
to us at St. Petersburg. 

Albert Gallatin 

ALEXANDER BARING to ALBERT GALLATIN 

London, July 22, 1813 
Dear Sir, 

The letter with which you honoured my house 
from Gottenburg has remained for a few days unanswered, 
for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary 
to enable me to make a satisfactory reply. 

For the money you may require you will please to direct 
drafts upon us or on Amsterdam in any manner you may 
think expedient. Messrs. Meyer and Bruxner, bankers 
at St. Petersburg, by whom this letter will be conveyed 
to you, have our directions to obey any orders you may 
give them on this subject, presuming that you will prefer 
not to let your own drafts go into public circulation. 
Our present exchange with Holland is about 79 the 
pound sterling, which will enable you to calculate what 
mode of reimbursement will best answer your purpose. 

I have taken care to make in the proper quarter the 
communications you desire, and, as you express a wish 
to be informed of any occurrences here, relating to your 
mission, some observations may perhaps be acceptable 

280 



APPENDIX I 

on the dispositions of Government and of the public 
concerning it, upon which I have good reason to assure you 
that you may perfectly rely. 

I anticipated the most favourable result from the 
names which constituted the new commission, and felt 
confident that we should soon see an end of this senseless 
war. I was quite sure you would not leave your home 
without the powers and the disposition to do your country 
this essential service, and although the place fixed upon 
for the negotiation, and the manner in which it was 
proposed to conduct it, considerably abated the confidence 
of the public, I never entertained those doubts of the 
sincerity of America with which those circumstances 
inspired others. 

The mediation of Russia was offered, not sought — it 
was fairly and frankly accepted. I do not see how 
America could with any consistency refuse it; but to 
the eyes of a European politician it was clear that such 
an interference could produce no practical benefit. The 
only question now seriously at issue between us is one 
purely of a domestic nature in each country respectively; 
no foreign Government can fairly judge it. A question 
of the relative rights and duties of Sovereign and subject 
"between two great countries, where, owing to their 
recent separation, a distinction between the great masses 
of their seafaring population becomes almost impossible, 
can only exist between Great Britain and America; no 
other country can judge of the various positions of great 
delicacy and importance to which such a state of things 
must give rise; and even where the best understanding 
prevails between European courts, there are shades of 
difference and sometimes feelings of various sorts which 
must prevent any cordial mediation on such points. 
On the other hand, what a handle does such a subject 
offer for fomenting discord on points totally foreign 
from it ! We have lately seen a threat of dragging 
American politics into a German congress, among Powers 

281 



APPENDIX I 

neither understanding nor caring for any of its interest, 
but merely to enable them to wrangle the more dexter- 
ously about their own. 

This is not the way for Great Britain and America really 
to settle their disputes; intelligent persons of the two 
countries might devise mutual securities and concessions 
which perhaps neither country would offer in the presence 
of a third party. It is a sort of family quarrel, where 
foreign interferences can only do harm and irritate at any 
time, but more especially in the present state of Europe, 
when attempts would be made to make a tool of America 
in a manner which I am sure neither you nor your 
colleagues would sanction. 

These, I have good reason to know, are pretty nearly the 
sentiments of Government here on the question of place 
of negotiation and foreign mediation, and before this 
reaches you you will have been informed that this media- 
tion has been refused, with expressions of our desire to 
treat separately and directly here, or, if more agreeable 
to you, at Gottenburg. 

I believe you may rely upon it that from this resolution 
we shall not here depart, not only from the sense of the 
objections I have already stated to a mediating negotia- 
tion, but that your persevering in such a course will be 
considered here as the touchstone of your sincerity. Al- 
though I trust our Government does not participate in 
the prevailing opinion here that a secret political con- 
nexion exists with France, yet your persevering in bringing 
this insulated question before the Powers of the Continent 
would favour those suspicions, and induce Ministers 
to believe that your only object was to assist France in 
the sort of mystification and confusion in which it often 
suits her purpose to envolve her diplomatic negotiations. 

I trust that these considerations, duly weighed, will 
satisfy you that no inference is to be drawn from our 
refusal of the Russian mediation unfavourable to our dis- 
position for peace, and that if we wish to remove the seat of 

282 



APPENDIX I 

the negotiation it is in reality for the purpose of coming 
at that result with more certainty. This city has, I 
understand, been proposed to you, and Gottenburg 
offered as an alternative in case you do not choose to 
trust yourselves so near to us. 

My hopes of a favourable result would be much in- 
creased by your coming at once in contact with our 
Ministers. The advantages in all cases of treating this 
principle are obvious, but the peculiar character of the 
point in dispute gives them greater weight. You would 
find any Minister of this country very cautious in giving 
instructions to any plenipotentiary to treat on a subject 
of so much delicacy as the rights and duties of Sovereign 
and subject. Those instructions must remain recorded 
in his office, and may be called for by Parliament. Con- 
cessions might be made, securities and substitutes de- 
vised, and difficulties overcome in a direct negotiation 
which I should almost despair of if it were to be carried 
on at a distance; and I am quite sure that the mass 
of intelligence which your commission affords on the 
relative policy of Great Britain and America is more 
than a match for all our island can produce on the same 
subject, upon which the ignorance of many of our lead- 
ing characters would probably surprise you. But you 
would naturally wish to ask the question whether, should 
you consent to come here to negotiate, there is a prob- 
able chance of a favourable result. Upon this I will 
give you my candid opinion, and I know that I 
can, without deceiving you, state the sentiments of 
Government. 

That we wish for a restoration of peace with you need 
not be argued. Our situation, the great contest in 
which we are engaged, make it impossible that we should 
be otherwise than heartily desirous of putting an end to 
a contest from which we suffer considerably (though 
perhaps, less than was anticipated), and from which no 
good can result. The extent of the injury which the two 

283 



APPENDIX I 

countries can do each other is now pretty well ascertained, 
we can tease and weaken each other without any practical 
result, and you cannot for a moment doubt our wish to 
carry the resources now employed in defending ourselves 
against you into the more important field of European 
contest. 

With these feelings, why has the war continued so long ? 
The only serious point at issue may be said to be that of 
the impressment of seamen — a question presenting of 
itself serious and not imaginary difficulties. To hope for 
any solution of them the disposition on both sides must be 
sincere, the spirit of peace must animate both parties, 
and I will not disguise from you that when America set 
this question of seamen up as cause of war after the great 
effort for conciliation was made in the repeal of the Orders 
in Council, the prevalent opinion here was that the war 
was a war of passion with the people of America, and that 
concessions would only show weakness, and never satisfy 
them, and that therefore no alternative was left to us but 
to fight it out as well as we could. Whether this opinion 
was well or ill founded need not now be discussed; it 
prevented at the time any deliberate consideration of the 
question of seamen, which was considered merely as a 
pretext, to be followed by some other if once removed. 
This opinion I believe to be, in as far as Government is 
concerned, on the change. The representation of persons 
desirous of seeing a return of peace on honourable terms, 
a growing opinion that America has a real and serious 
interest in this question of seamen, the repeated wish 
expressed by your Executive, and above all, the characters 
appointed for the pacific mission to St. Petersburg, have 
excited hopes; there is a disposition to examine the 
question, and I am quite certain that I can now assure 
you that should you come here you will be received with 
confidence in your intentions, with great personal respect, 
and with a determination to come to terms of peace with 
you if it be found practicable to do so consistently with the 

284 



APPENDIX I 

safety of our maritime power, supposed to be, and which 
undoubtedly is, involved in this question. 

So much I can confidently say of the disposition existing 
here. But are the difficulties, supposing the disposition 
on both sides to be perfect, of themselves insurmountable, 
or are we doomed to the necessity of perpetual war? 
Upon this point I will give you with sincerity my opinion: 
I shall not trouble you with any extensive discussion of 
a subject with which you are so well acquainted. The 
difficulties are very considerable, but, although I can 
hardly say that I think they can be surmounted to the 
entire satisfaction of both parties, I do think that by 
sincere and friendly discussions some system may be 
devised of practical efficiency to answer the reasonable 
purposes of both countries. At all events, it is the duty 
of both to make some arrangement, because some ar- 
rangement or perpetual war are the only alternative. 
It is easy on either side to dress the question out with 
popular attractions, but any indifferent person under- 
standing it and considering it calmly must be sensible 
that on our side we could not admit your pretensions 
to their full extent without endangering the discipline, 
and even the existence, of our navy, and, on the other 
hand, that on your part you cannot submit to the existing 
system as practised by us. There is, therefore, a neces- 
sity of some settlement. If you submitted at present, 
the growing power and population of America would 
force a settlement on the two countries at no distant 
period perhaps after ruinous wars. Being frequently 
accused here of undue partiality towards America, I 
trust at least that I shall have credit with you for a 
sincere wish to see an end put to so permanent and certain 
a source of strife; but I must freely confess that, highly 
as I value a state of peace and harmony with America, 
I am so sensible of the danger to our naval power from 
anything like an unrestricted admission of your principles, 
that I should almost incline to think it safer to consider 

285 



APPENDIX I 

an American as an inevitable concomitant of a French 
war, and to provide for it accordingly. It is useless to 
discuss the abstract question of right when it becomes 
one of necessity, and with us I sincerely believe it to be so. 

If therefore the disposition of your Government be to 
adhere pertinaciously to the determination to give us no 
better security than the Act of Congress lately passed, I 
should think your coming here or negotiating anywhere 
useless for any good purpose. I know it must be so, because 
I know that any Government of this country would be 
restrained from such an unlimited concession by its 
known and certain danger, by the state of public opinion, 
and that the best friends to the restoration of peace 
would not be bold enough to recommend it. But, on the 
other hand, if you are desirous of endeavouring, by mutual 
explanation and concession, to consult the security and 
just apprehension of both countries, I know that I can 
assure you that you will find a corresponding disposition 
here; and although I would not speak lightly of the 
difficulties to be overcome, I am inclined by a long con- 
sideration of the subject to anticipate every reasonable 
degree of success from the joint efforts of yourselves 
and those persons whom our Government will be prepared 
to appoint to meet you. 

I have thus, my dear sir, ventured to suggest to you 
what occurs to me on the interesting subject of your 
mission. I should not have risked opinions without 
feeling certain that I was not misleading you if you think 
proper to trust to them. I hope they will encourage 
you not to return to America without at least making an 
experiment in the manner most likely to lead to success. 

I am assured by my Lord Castlereagh that the requisite 
order shall be sent for permitting your cartel-ship, the 
Neptune, to carry the gentlemen composing your mission 
wherever they may think proper; and I trust that I 
shall be ere long gratified by seeing her bring with you 
the hope of peace to our shores. 

286 



APPENDIX I 

If I can personally be of any service, I trust you will 
freely command me, and that I may be permitted to 
present my compliments to Mr. Bayard and Mr. Adams 
with whom I believe I have the advantage of a very 
slight acquaintance, which I should have the greatest 
satisfaction in being afforded an opportunity of improving. 

I am, with great consideration and personal regard, 
dear sir, your very obedient servant, 

Alexander Baring 

ALBERT GALLATIN to ALEXANDER BARING 

St. Petersburg, August 27, 1813 

Dear Sir, 

The letter (of July 22) with which you have 
favoured me was received on the 17th inst. For this I 
return you my sincere thanks, and duly appreciate the 
importance of the information you have obtained, and the 
motives which have actuated you. Although I cannot write 
as freely as a person whose communications do not com- 
mit his own Government, the hope that our correspond- 
ence may be of some public utility induces me to enter 
as far in the subject as is consistent with my situation. 
We have not received, as you suggested, the information 
that the mediation of Russia had been refused by Great 
Britain, with expressions of a desire to treat with us 
separately and directly at London or at Gottenburg. 
It is possible that Lord Walpole, who is said here to have 
gone to the Emperor's headquarters, may be the bearer 
of that communication. We have in the meanwhile 
been notified that the Emperor had, on the arrival of our 
mission, given orders that his offer of mediation should 
be renewed; and we will wait here the result. But if 
your Government should, after due consideration, persist 
in its absolute refusal of that offer, a negotiation with us 
cannot be opened, since our powers in that respect are 
to treat of peace with Great Britain expressly under the 
mediation of Russia. We have a distinct commission 

287 



APPENDIX I 

to treat afterwards of commerce, if agreeable to your 
Government, and without reference to any mediation. 
This was alluded to by the President of the United States 
in his last message, and is now mentioned as an evidence 
of his sincere desire not only to make peace, but to estab- 
lish the relations between the two countries on the most 
friendly footing. 

It does not belong to me to discuss the objections 
which your Government may have to treat of peace under 
the mediation of Russia; but we were altogether unaware, 
when we left America, that any such could exist. Russia 
had an interest in the restoration of peace between the 
two countries, since the war interrupted her commercial 
relations with America, and diverted a certain portion of 
the British force from the important object of European 
warfare. In the terms on which peace should be made, 
in the essential point at issue — a point, which, as you sug- 
gest, could not in practice arise with respect to her — she 
had no immediate interest. In those respects she united 
therefore the essential requisites in a mediating Power, 
a sincere wish that peace might be made, and impartiality 
as to the subject of the dispute. On the other hand, 
with Russia we had only friendly and commercial relations, 
but no political connexion. You had also with her rela- 
tions of the same nature with ours and on a much more 
extensive scale. And you had at the same time an 
intimate political connexion, necessarily arising from 
your being united in a most important conflict against 
a formidable common enemy. You are her ally in a war 
which to her is an object of so much superior importance 
to the interest she has in the restoration of peace between 
you and us — that America might have hesitated to accept 
her mediation had it not been for the great confidence 
we place in the personal character of the Emperor. 
This we considered a sufficient pledge of impartiality; 
and, certain that your Government at least in that 
respect entertained sentiments similar to ours, we did 



APPENDIX I 

not presuppose that if the mediation was accepted by 
us there could be any hesitation on the subject on the 
part of Great Britain, unless she considered peace as, 
at all events at this moment, either impracticable or un- 
desirable. We did also believe that our accepting as a 
mediator a Sovereign at war with France was such a 
clear evidence of our neither having nor wishing to have 
any political connexion with this last Power, that it 
must remove those suspicions on the part of your Govern- 
ment to which you allude, and which, although altogether 
erroneous and destitute of foundation, might probably 
continue to have an unfavourable effect on its disposi- 
tions and termination. 

Such was the view of the subject under which our 
Government acted in the appointment of the extraordi- 
nary mission; and you must at once perceive that if 
a rejection of the mediation on the part of Great Britain 
had been anticipated, the result would have been, not a 
direct mission to that country for which there was no 
preliminary foundation, but merely a declaration that 
the United States accepted the mediation, and would be 
ready to act upon it whenever it was accepted by Great 
Britain. 

It will be a matter of regret if this frank proceeding on 
the part of America, this effort to re-establish peace in an 
honourable manner and without suing for it, should, on 
the threshold, be defeated by the absolute refusal of your 
Government of the offered mediation. Without at all 
entering in a discussion of the objections they have to that 
measure, still, so far as those objections are exhibited 
in your letter they do not appear to me to go beyond a 
belief that a direct negotiation would afford a better 
prospect of success than one conducted under the media- 
tion of any third Power. This may be true; but as it 
does not, however, seem necessarily to imply that the 
attempt to negotiate under a mediation may not under 
certain circumstances be made, or that a mediation, where 

289 



APPENDIX I 

America is concerned, is at all events and in itself in- 
admissible, I still indulge the hope that your Government, 
finding that a rejection of the mediation is, so far as this 
mission is concerned, a refusal to negotiate, and placing 
that confidence in the sincerity of our dispositions and 
views to which we feel ourselves entitled, will, on a due con- 
sideration of the subject, find it practicable to reconcile 
an acceptance of the mediation with their views and 
principles. 

With respect to the main question, the probability of 
an arrangement, you are sensible that I cannot at this 
time and on this occasion enter into details. That I 
would not have given up my political existence and 
separated myself from my family unless I had believed 
an arrangement practicable and that I might be of some 
utility in effecting it, you are sufficiently aware. The 
law to which you allude is a municipal regulation, which 
may, however, be considered as a primary evidence of 
the general disposition of the American Government 
to advance towards a compromise. On that subject I 
could not be more explicit without in fact entering into 
the negotiation itself. I will only state that, however 
desirable it might be to define with precision and in a 
permanent manner the respective rights of the two 
countries on the subject of impressment, I do not hope 
that this can be effected at this time, that either nation 
can be induced to abandon its rights or pretensions in 
that respect. All that, in my opinion, can be done is an 
arrangement, by way of experiment, which, reserving 
to both nations their respective abstract rights real or 
assumed, shall be founded on mutual engagements in 
such manner that the failure of either nation to fulfil her 
engagement shall absolve the other nation from her own 
and leave her in as full exercise of her rights and pre- 
tensions as if the arrangement had not been made. 

I have thus freely communicated as far as our relative 
situation seemed to permit, being well assured that what I 

290 



APPENDIX I 

have said will be used for its intended purpose of assisting 
in promoting the restoration of peace. I know how dear 
this object is to you, and that we both have an equal 
desire that not only peace but the most friendly relations 
and understanding should subsist between the two 
countries. I can assure you that such also is the sincere 
and earnest desire of my Government, and that nothing 
which can be done in that respect will be omitted on my 
part or on that of my colleagues. Whatever the result 
may be, I will preserve a just sense of your friendly 
conduct on this occasion, and remain with great considera- 
tion and sincere regard, dear sir, your very obedient 
servant, 

Albert Gallatin 

ALEXANDER BARING to ALBERT GALLATIN 

London, October 12, 1813 
Dear Sir, 

The letter you favoured me with of August 27, 
reached me in course of post, and if I have delayed my 
reply it has not been, I can assure you, from any neglect 
of the important subject of its contents. I have been 
endeavouring to be useful in an object which I have very 
much at heart. At this season of the year those with 
whom I wished to confer are generally out of town, and 
correspondence becomes necessary. In communicating to 
you the result of my endeavours I am sorry to say that 
they have been less successful than I could hope or than 
I had at one time expected; at the same time, however, 
I feel the more convinced that the existing difficulties 
are more difficulties of form than of substance, and I very 
much misunderstand the disposition on both sides if an 
agreement were not the result of negotiation, if that 
negotiation could but be once set on foot. In what I 
communicate I beg leave again to assure you that you 
may rsly upon my not misleading you, and, without 
troubling you much with the arguments that are used, 

291 



APPENDIX I 

I shall confine myself principally to the results, and that 
the rather as little time is left me before the departure 
of the post, and I wish that no time may be lost. We are 
here resolved to abide by the principle of direct negotiation. 
I had hoped that an agreement might have been so far 
advanced and ascertained that the mediation would 
have been a mere matter of form, and in that case it 
might have been adopted for the purpose of keeping 
your powers alive, and although I could of course attain 
to nothing like certainty as to this probability of agree- 
ment, I am still inclined to infer it from the general ex- 
pression of your letter and from what I have collected 
here. But it has been resolved here not to depart from the 
first resolution of entering only into a direct negotiation, 
and it is thought that, upon the whole, time will at last 
be saved by this mode, even though it should oblige 
you to have recourse to America for an alteration of 
your powers. The arguments used by you in favour 
of a Russian mediation are very ingenious, and no in- 
ference of insincerity is drawn from America's adopting 
this mode, but there are circumstances connected with 
the nature of the question which makes it ineligible, 
when in any common political dissension it might be the 
most rational and satisfactory course to pursue. But 
whatever may be the weight of argument on either side, 
you may be assured that the determination is here irrev- 
ocable, and before this reaches you it must have been 
communicated to you in some authentic shape. As at 
the same time a readiness for direct negotiations will be 
declared, this must save entirely any feelings of pride 
that America may entertain, as the advance for direct 
negotiation comes from hence in return for a step on her 
part of much less concession. What you will think proper 
to do in this case — whether to wait for new powers, to 
return yourselves, or to come here in the expectation of 
those powers being sent — will remain with you to deter- 
mine; perhaps, indeed, you have determined before this 

292 



APPENDIX I 

reaches you, as the Baltic will probably be closed for 
navigation by the end of this month. The omission of 
Mr. Adams' name in the passport was quite accidental, 
and must have been my fault. I have no recollection of 
the circumstance, but I probably concluded at the time 
that as he was the resident Minister at St. Petersburg 
he would not return. I trust, however, that he will not 
have hesitated to accompany you on account of this 
omission, which he may be assured will be of no conse- 
quence, and that the vessel, with any person belonging 
to the mission, will be suffered freely to pass our fleets. 

On the subject of the probability of an agreement 
between the two Governments I am sensible that you 
must necessarily write with reserve; but as I am under 
no such restraint, I will state to you fairly what you 
may expect here, and I do it because this may influence 
your determination on other points, and because I 
always think that between States, as between individuals, 
where the intentions are honest, plain language is always 
preferable to artifice. We wish for peace. The pressure 
of the war upon our commerce and manufactures is 
over; they have ample relief in other quarters; and, 
indeed, the dependence of the two countries on each 
other was, as it usually is, overrated. But the war 
has no object; it is expensive; and we want to carry 
our efforts elsewhere. Our desire of peace, therefore, 
cannot be doubted, and you may quite rely upon it. 
With respect to the only question really at issue, we are 
disposed to concert with you the most efficient means of 
confining the seamen of each country to their respective 
services; but we do not believe in the practicability of 
so doing without a reservation of a right of search for them, 
or rather without a continuation of the practice, for we 
do not want from you a recognition of right. This 
practice we are ready to regulate in any manner con- 
sistent with its object, and I feel an entire conviction 
that it may be regulated in a manner to do away 

293 



APPENDIX I 

almost everything that is objectionable in it. On this 
point you will find us reasonable and liberal, but very 
firm upon the question of not giving up the practice of 
examination and search, and indeed with every desire 
not only to see peace restored, but to see satisfaction 
given to America on this point — which I always 
thought she had a right to — I cannot see how we can 
under our present system of manning our navy do more. 
All the Acts of Congress or Acts of Parliament that can 
be framed would be ineffectual without this, and I am 
sure that when you come to the details you would be of 
the same opinion; and it is for this reason that I infer 
from the cautious wording of your letter that you would 
not be disinclined to an arrangement upon this principle, 
where every precaution would be taken, and taken, I 
think, effectually, to remove everything that is vexatious 
in the present practice, and to subject it to the responsi- 
bility towards both Governments, under which alone it 
can be made consistent with a state of peace. I shall not 
trouble you with any detailed examination of this point; 
the general principles of our Government you would find 
as I have stated, and if they are not repugnant to your 
instructions I think you would soon complete the work 
of peace without the help or hindrance of any mediator. 
I have not yet had a good opportunity for America 
to send your letters for Mrs. Gallatin; they are now here, 
but a cartel is expected to sail in a few days, and they 
shall be taken care of. We have not hitherto received 
any for you. I beg you will believe me at all times 
happy to be useful, and with great esteem and regard, 
dear sir, your sincerely devoted servant, 

Alexander Baring 



294 



APPENDIX II 

Letter from Voltaire to the Comte d'Argental 

9 Fevrier, 1761. 

Voici la plus belle occasion, mon cher ange, d'exercer 
votre ministere celeste. II s'agit du meilleur office que 
je puisse recevoir de vos bontes. 

Je vous conjure, mon cher et respectable ami, 
d'employer tout votre credit aupres de Monsieur le Due 
de Choiseul; aupres de ses amis, s'il le faut apres, de sa 
maitresse, etc. etc. Et pourquoi ose-je vous demander 
tant d'appui, tant de zele, tant de vivacite, et surtout un 
prompt succes? Pour le bien du service, mon cher ange: 
pour battre le Due de Brunswick. M. Gallatin, Officier 
aux gardes Suisses, qui vous presentera ma tres-humble 
requete, est de la plus ancienne famille de Geneve. lis 
se font tuer pour nous de pere en fils depuis Henri Quatre. 

L'Oncle de celui-ci a ete tue devant Ostende; son 
frere a ete a la malheureuse et abominable journee de 
Rosbach, a ce que je crois; journee ou les regiments 
suisses firent seuls leur devoir. Si ce n'est pas a Rosbach, 
e'est ailleurs; le fait est qu'il a ete tue; celui-ci a ete 
blesse. II sert depuis dix ans; il a ete aide-major; il 
veut l'etre. II faut des aides-major qui parlent bien 
rallemand, qui soient actifs, intelligents; il est tout cela. 
Enfin vous saurez de lui precisement ce qu'il lui faut; 
e'est en general la permission d'aller vite chercher la mort 
a votre service. Faites-lui cette grace et qu'il ne soit 
point tue, car il est fort aimable et il est neveu de cette 
Madame Calendrin que vous avez vue etant enfant. 
Madame sa mere est bien aussi aimable que Madaine 
Calendrin. 

295 



APPENDIX II 

ENGLISH TRANSLATION 

February 9, 1761. 

Here, my dear angel, is the finest occasion for using your heavenly 
ministration. I am asking for the greatest service I could receive from 
your kindness. 

My dear and honourable friend, I implore you to use all your credit 
with the Due de Choiseul, with his friends, and if that fails, with his 
mistress, etc. Why do I ask for so much support, such zeal, such 
determination — above all for a speedy and successful issue? For the 
good of the service, dear angel — to fight the Duke of Brunswick. 
M. Gallatin, officer in the Swiss Guards, who will present my humble 
request to you, belongs to the oldest family in Geneva. They have 
shed their blood for us from father to son since the time of Henri 
Quatre. 

The uncle of this Gallatin was killed before Ostend; his brother 
was, I believe, at the unhappy and accursed day of Rosbach, the day 
when the Swiss regiments alone did their duty. If it was not Rosbach 
it was somewhere else. The fact remains that he was killed — this one 
was wounded. He has served for ten years, has been staff-major 
— which is the post he wants. We need staff-majors who speak 
German and who are active and intelligent; he is all of that. But 
you will learn from him the exact nature of his wants: generally 
Bpeaking, it is leave to seek a speedy death in your service. Do him 
this kindness and see that he be not killed, for he is very amiable and 
a nephew of the Madame Calendrin whom you saw in your childhood. 
His mother too is as amiable as Madame Calendrin. 



296 



APPENDIX III 

Translation of Decision of the 5th August 1810 

Whereas the above report made in the Council of Com- 
merce and Manufacture, with the following results: 

(1) That the Government of the United States is not 
bound by her act of the 1st March 1809 — by the order 
dated 20th May following that the French Ships and 
Merchandise therein contained, which enter their ports 
should be put under sequestration, but that the con- 
fiscation of the aforesaid ships and merchandise has been 
ordered. 

(2) That it has been established by the same Act that 
when the relations with France have been re-established 
the confiscations will continue to have their effect. 

(3) That the Act of the 1st March 1809 has been put 
into execution on every occasion that has presented it- 
self, not only against the Cargoes but against the French 
ships as well. We have ordered, and order what follows: 

(1) That the funds arising from the sales of the Amer- 
ican Cargoes which have been sold up to this date, and 
the total which has been placed on deposit in the Caisse 
of Amortisment, shall be transferred to the public treas- 
ury. 

(2) That the American Cargoes that have been placed 
under sequestration shall be sold and the funds arising 
from the same shall be paid into the Public Treasury. 

(3) That the American ships which up to this date, no 
decision has been come to, shall be sold and the funds 
they realize shall be paid into the Public Treasury. 

(4) Taking into consideration that the Act of the 1st 
March 1809 made by the United States does not contain 

297 



APPENDIX III 

any order as to the disposition of the Crews of our ships, 
and always wishing to treat the United States as fairly 
as possible and using only with regret our rights of re- 
prisal against them. We agree that the Crews of Amer- 
ican ships entering our ports shall not be considered as 
prisoners, but shall be sent back to their own country. 

(5) The dispositions above stated shall be carried out 
with regard to all the American ships which have entered 
our ports and been sequestered since the 20th March 
1808 — to the 1st of May of the present year 1810 — the 
date of the Act by which the United States has revoked 
the Act of the 1st March 1809. 

(6) In the future and up to the 1st of November the 
date fixed by the letter of our Minister of Foreign Affairs 
to the plenipotentiary's of the United States for the 
revocation of our decrees of Berlin and Milan (in the 
case that our conditions established in the aforesaid 
letters are fulfilled) the American ships can enter our 
ports; but the unloading cannot take place without a 
license signed by our hand, and on a report made in the 
Council of Commerce stating that they have not been 
denationalized by their submission to the order of the 
Council of Great Britain and that they have not con- 
travened decrees of Berlin and Milan. 

Given at our Palace of the Trianon the 5th August 
1810. 

Signed Napoleon 



298 



INDEX 



Act of Congress of March 1809, 

188, 297 
Adams, John, second President of 
United States, 4 note 

John Quincy, minister to 
Russia, appointed peace 
commissioner, ix, xi, 1, 4, 
11-12, 16, 20-23, 27-36, 
279, 287, 293; and Albert 
Gallatin, 181, 184,236,267; 
letters from Albert Gal- 
latin, 187-90, 258-61; and 
the seizure of the Apollon, 
192-93 ; letter to James Gal- 
latin, 225, 254-55. 
William, 28 
Addington, Mr., 260 
Aix-en-Savoie, 148, 185, 190-91 
Aix-la-Chapelle Congress, 142 
Alcantara, Hotel d', in Ghent, 27 
Alexander, Emperor, offer of me- 
diation, vii, 1, 6, 18, 19, 21-23, 
26, 235, 259, 279; and Napoleon, 
5, 53; Moreau's appreciation of, 
8, 9; a forgotten note, 13; guest 
of England, 21, 23, 24; Lafay- 
ette's interview with, 21-23; 
and Mme. de Stael, 23, 25; re- 
ception of Albert Gallatin, 24- 
25; opinion of Albert Gallatin, 
35; presents to Albert Gallatin, 
253; and the North-Eastern 
boundary question, 261 
Alfieri, Marquis, 106, 118, 200 

Marquise, 118, 200 
Alfred, footman, 87 

tailor, 213, 222-25, 233 
Allaman, Chateau d', 48-49, 191, 

214 
Allies, the, decision to crush Na- 
poleon, 74-76; destruction in 
Paris by the, 102 



Alps, the Simplon Pass, 55 
America, Mme. de Stael's prop- 
erty in, 37, 38-39, 42-43; return 
of the Gallatins to, 235-38, 240- 
43 
American War of Independence, 

42 
Americans in Paris, Albert Gal- 
latin and, 201, 210; in London, 
263, 264, 265 
Amiens, 134 
Amnesty, the Indian, 32 
Amsterdam, 13, 15 
Andelys, Les, 68 
Anglais, Cafe, 207 
Angouleme, Due d', and Albert 
Gallatin, 86, 124, 221, 241; and 
the death of the Due de Berri, 
157; and Richelieu, 203-04; 
letter to Albert Gallatin, 243; 
wedding presents to James Gal- 
latin, 250 

Duchesse d', and James Galla- 
tin, 64; and Mme. Gallatin, 
90, 235-36; jewels of, 116, 
177; and the Due d'Orleans, 
140; death of the Due de 
Berri, 157-58; personality, 
168, 221; and Frances Gal- 
latin, 193-94; at St. Cloud, 
210-11; last reception of 
Mme. and Frances Gallatin, 
235-36, 238, 241; love for 
her brother, 237 ; the packet 
given to Albert Gallatin, 
241-42; wedding present to 
James Gallatin, 250 
Annapolis, 277 
Apollon, the, seizure, 192 
Arc, Joan of, 69 

Archbishop of Paris, intriguing 
for the post of, 200 



299 



INDEX 



Argental, Count d', letter from 

Voltaire, 29.5-96 
Ashburton, Lord. See Baring, 

Alexander 
Astor, John Jacob, and Albert 

Gallatin, vi and note, vii, 80, 174, 

201, 229; manners, 167; and 

Mme. Bonaparte, 179 
Aumont, Due d', 241 
Austria, question of succession, 

261 

Bachalan's Hotel, Copenhagen, 3 

Bache, Richard, letter from Ben- 
jamin Franklin to, ii 

Balmat, Jacques, 215 

Baltimore, 61-62, 211, 221, 237, 
240, 244-46, 252, 255 

Archbishop of, and M. Pas- 
cault, 249 

Bank of the United States, presi- 
dency refused by Albert Galla- 
tin, 197, 201 

Baring, Alexander, letters from 
Albert Gallatin, vii, 3, 279-80, 
287-91; negotiations with, 12, 
14; friendship with the Galla- 
tins, 72, 77, 172, 174, 203, 210, 
222, 262-64, 268, 276; offer to 
James Gallatin, 224; letter to 
Albert Gallatin, 280-87, 291-94 

Baring, Mrs. Alexander, 72, 203, 
210, 272 

Barry, Colonel, letter to the Mar- 
quis of Huntly, 52-56 

Bassano, Due de, 166, 172, 187-88 

Bates, Miss, 256, 272 

Bathurst, Lord, 15, 20, 30-32, 59 

Bavard, Mr., vi, 1, 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 
22, 2S-30, 33, 69, 75, 279, 287 

Belgarde, 62 

Bentham, Jeremy, 14 and note, 
175-76 

Bentinck, Mile, 112 

Berlin Decree, the, 187, 188, 298 

"Berline," use of a, 87 

Bernadotte, Jean, 122 and note, 223 
Mme. See Sweden, Queen of 

Berne, 217 

300 



Berri, Due de, in London, 56; and 
Albert Gallatin, 86 and note, 93, 
130; and the Duke of Welling- 
ton, 104-5; and the Orleans 
family, 106; a story of, 107-8; 
and James Gallatin, 135, 136, 
140; the Duchesse and, 144; 
innovations at Court, 149; at 
the Elysee, 154; death of, 156- 
61; effect of his death on jeu- 
nesse doree, 182 

Duchesse de, and the Orleans 
family, 106, 140; hospitality 
of, 124, 144; death of the 
Duke, 156-61; accusation 
against Decazes, 161 ; at the 
Tuileries, 162; birth of the 
Due de Bordeaux, 165-67, 
177; and the bomb ex- 
plosions, 180; and the Gal- 
latins, 220-21, 236 
Berthal, Mme., housekeeper, 96, 
139-40, 148, 150, 151, 168, 175- 
76, 180 
Berthe, la Reine, 50 
Berthollet, 44, 45 
Bertrand, Gen., in Elba, 53 
B6thisy, Mme. de, 157 and note, 

235 
Bingham, Miss, of Philadelphia. 

See Baring, Mrs. Alexander. 
Biron family, the, 63 
Blanc, Mont, ascent, 215 
Blockade in time of war, question 

of, 70 
Boar hunts, 113-14, 151-52, 200 
"Bocage," house at Pregny, 138 
Boigne, Comtesse de, 58, 92 and 
note, 98, 104, 106, 139, 150, 169, 
192, 208, 220, 228, 233, 239 
General de, 92 note 
Bois de Boulogne, 136; skating on 
the Petit Lac, 101, 119, 195, 198- 
99, 202, 226-27, 232 
Bonaparte, Jerome, 51, 61-63, 202, 
252 

Joseph, ex-King of Spain, 49 
and note, 50, 122, 190; Al- 
bert Gallatin and, 67 



INDEX 



Bonaparte — emit. 

Louis, 49 note, 234 
Madame Mere, 179, 236, 255 
Mme. Patterson, stories of, 
51-52, 61-62; present to 
James Gallatin, 58; and 
Mme. de Stael, 58, 138 
in Paris, 88-91, 163, 194 
her son "Bo," 90, 165, 179 
return from America, 101 
letter to Albert Gallatin, 
144; popularity, 165; praise 
of Napoleon, 187; friend- 
ship with the Gallatins, 195, 
200-2, 236, 240, 247, 263 
note ; hatred of the Catons, 
197,222 ; hatred of theBona- 
partes, 236-37; admiration 
of Mile Pascault, 237, 245 
Napoleon, and Alexander, 5; 
mentioned by Gen. Moreau, 
7; America and, 16-17; 
and Mme. de Stael, 52-53; 
at Elba, account by Mr. 
Douglas, 52-56; and the 
Pope, 63 ; escape from Elba, 
64; march on Paris, 65-66; 
interview with Albert Gal- 
latin, 67-68 ; decision of the 
Allies, 74-75; ceremony in 
the Champs de Mars, 75; 
Waterloo, 76; Albert Gal- 
latin's opinion of, 78-79, 
179; at St. Helena, 111; 
the Manuscript of St. Hel- 
ena, 121 ; dukes created by, 
172; death, 186; the Tria- 
non decree of August 5, 
1810, 187-90, 297-98; baby 
clothes of, 255 
Order of, 6 note 
Pauline. See Borghese, Prin- 
cess Pauline 
Bonapartism, decay, 257, 259-60 
Bonapartists, the, 186-87, 190, 234 
Bonneval, de, 57 and note 
Bonstetten, M. de, 48, 51, 56 
Bordeaux, Due de, 166 and note, 
167, 257, 260 



Borghese, H6tel, 90, 209-10, 220 
and note 

Borghese, Princess Pauline, 90, 179 

Borgo, Count Pozzo di, 94, 98, 
100, 106, 118, 120-21, 124, 141 
and note, 144, 163-64, 169, 174, 
181, 197, 200, 220, 227, 229, 
242, 257, 265, 268; a sauterie for 
Frances Gallatin, 170-71; on 
the committee of Crockford's, 
203; on the relations between 
Great Britain and the United 
States, 258-59 

"Boston," Game of, 230 
Harbour, 230 

"Bouche du Rhone," 63 

Bouffe family, the, 247 

Boulogne, 128, 134 

Boundary question, settlement of 
the, 126, 133, 256, 259, 261, 275 

Bourbon, Due de, 108, 141 and 
note, 237 

Bourbons, Albert Gallatin and the, 
50; Napoleon on the, 53, 54; 
position in France, 78-79 

Bourg, house of Jacques Coeur at, 
57 note, 105, 108-9, 218 
la Reine, 60 

Bourget, Lac du, 191 

Braynton, Captain, of the Spar- 
tan, 2 

Breteuil Marquis de, a chasse au 
sanglier, 113-14 

"Brichka," use of a, 88 

Briennen, Mile von, 112 

Brighton, the Pavilion, 127-31, 
262, 268, 276; Albert Gallatin 
summoned to, 268-69 

Brissac, Comte de Cosse, 152, 157- 
59 
Comtesse de Cosse, 175, 231- 
32 

British Embassy, Paris. See Bor- 
ghese, Hotel 
Museum, 15 

Peace Mission, in Ghent, 27- 
35 

Broglie, Due de, 51, 89, 93, 100, 
106, 135, 145, 152-53, 216, 242 



301 



INDEX 



Broglie — cord. 

Duchesse de (Albertine de 
Stael), 93, 106, 109, 135-36, 
145, 152-53, 191, 193, 207, 
216, 233-34, 242, 255 
Brompton, 15 
Brooks's Club, 132 
Brougham, Mr., 274 
Broughton Castle, 70-71 
Brown, Mr., 260 

Mrs., daughters of, 160, 166 
Thomas, name taken by the 
Due de Berri, 166 
Bruges, 110 

Brummell, Beau, 127-28 
Brunswick, Duke of, 95, 295, 296 
Brussels, Napoleon's march on, 
75-76; Albert Gallatin sent to, 
109; the plains of Waterloo, 111 
Buckingham House, 265, 271, 272 
Bude, Eugene de, 216 

Jules de, 59, 152, 153, 216 
Mme. de, 99 
M. de, 47, 58, 59 
Burgundy wine, 217 
Byron, Lord, 56, 59, 167, 215 



Calendrin, Mme., 295-96 

Callon, major-domo, 87 

Cambridge, Duchess of, 132 
University of, 28 note 

Campbell, G. W., 16 

Canada, protection of, 28; Napo- 
leon's interest in, 68; traffic 
with, 70 

Cannes, Napoleon at, 64 

Canning, Mr., 257, 258, 261, 262, 
266; Prime Minister, 268, 269- 
71; sayings of, quoted, 269-70; 
death, 272-73; as Leader of the 
House, 274 

Cantillon, arrest of, 104-5 

Caraman, George, 231 

Carden, valet, 218 

Carlton House, 72 

Carnival, the, in Paris, 141, 143- 
44, 155-56, 177, 201, 235-39 

Caroline, Queen, 203 



Caron, Monsieur, maitre d'hotel, 
205 

Carrolls, the, 251-52 

Carrol-town, 251-52 

Cassel, Palace at, 225, 252 

Cassillis, Lady, 267 
Lord, 267 

Castelcicala, Prince, 106, 118 
Princess, 118 

"Castle Solitude," 251 

Castlereagh, Lord, the negotia- 
tions, vii, 12-14, 20, 23, 26, 28- 
30, 34, 59, 286; in Vienna, 37; 
and Albert Gallatin, 68, 69, 74, 
126, 133; suicide of, 214 

Castries, Mme. de, 231-32 

Catholic emancipation, 273-74 

Caton, Mrs., daughter of, 62 and 
note, 165, 194, 202 

Cavour, Count, 58, 214, 215 note 
Countess, 58 

Cavla, Mme. du, 200 and note, 202, 
211, 223, 229, 241 

Celestine, Mile, 143-44 

Chabot, Comtesse, 208 

Chambery, 93 

Chamoix, 215 

Chamounix, 214, 215 

Champeau, M. de, 231 

Champonet, Marquis de, 152 

Champs de Mars, ceremony in the, 
75 

Elysees, 103, 104, 199 

Chapelle, Mme., receptions, 115 

Charles I of England, 126 

VII and Jacques Cceur, 57 

note, 218 
XII of Sweden, 122 note 

Charlotte, Princess, 256 
Queen, 132 

Chartres, Due de, 178 and note, 
198 

Chasse au sanglier, 113-14, 151-52, 
200 

Chateaubriand, M. de, 94, 138, 
164, 204, 227, 242 

Chateauvieux, Lullin de, 121 

Chatellon Conference, 23 

Chatsworth, 70, 71 



302 



INDEX 



Chelsea Marshes, 132 

Chevet, chef, 235 

Chillon, Chateau de, 50 

Chio, 57 note 

Choiseul, Due de, 295-96 

Christmas, in Paris, 93-94, 116- 

21, 149-53, 174, 193, 224-28; in 

London, 264 
Clanricarde, Lord, 220 
Clare, Mile, 107-8 
Clary, Mile Eugenie Desiree. See 

Sweden, Queen of 
Mile Julie, 50, 122 
Clay, Henry, the negotiations. 16, 

21 and note, 27, 28, 30-34, 69, 

84, 181, 260, 267; letters from 

Albert Gallatin to, 269-71, 273- 

76 
Clermont, 146 note 
Clermont-Tonnerre, Due de, 51, 

58, 94, 99 

Duchesse de, 51, 57 and note, 
94, 99, 215 
Cceur, Jacques, 57 and note, 105, 

108-9, 218 
Coigny, Due de, 151 
Columbia River, navigation, 133 
Commercial treaty, the negotia- 
tions, 70, 73, 76, 77, 133, 142, 

256, 266-67, 276 
Compiegne, hunting at, 178, 179, 

238; Corps de Chasse from, 198 
Compton, Mr., 132 
Conde, Prince de, 92 and note, 108, 

141, 161 
Condorcet, Marquis, 60 and note, 

184 
Marquise (Mile de Grouchy), 
184 
Constant, Benjamin, 47, 51 
Convention of 1818 renewed and 

signed, 261 
Conyngham, Lady, 203, 262, 267, 

269, 272 
Copenhagen, 3-4 
Coppet, 37-40, 46, 50-51, 56-58, 

71, 89, 109, 145, 208, 216, 232 

" Corinne," dedication to " Cupi- 

don," 58, 71 



Cornwallis, Miss, 222 
Mr., 217 

Courland, coast of, 4 

Duchesse de, 106, 163-64, 
220, 222 

Coursergues, M. Claude de, 160 

Crawford, William PL, letters from 
Albert Gallatin to, 15-19; letter 
from Lafayette, 21-23; return 
in the Neptune, 75-76; and Al- 
bert Gallatin's remuneration, 
84; and the Presidency, 195, 
207, 225; paralysis, 249, 251 

Crockford's, 203, 265, 268 

Cuckfield, 132 

"Curricle," the, 91 

Dallas, G. H., 2, 12 

Dames de la halle, the, 183 

Dashkoff, Count, vi, 1 

David, M., portrait of James 
Gallatin, 64-67 

Decazes, M., Ministry, 113 and 
note, 123, 137; and Albert Gal- 
latin, 149; accusation of the 
Duchesse de Berri, 158-61; mis- 
sion to London, 161; removal, 
168 

Demidoff , Prince, 58, 62 

Dessolles, General, 123 

Devonshire, Duke of, 70, 71, 262, 
267 

House, 267, 272 

Diderot, 60 

Dijon, 63, 217 

Dinner customs in Geneva, 47 

Diodatis, the, 47, 215 

Diplomatic Service, for America, 
221 

Disraeli, "Vivian Grey," 267 

Dixon, Mr., 3 

Doenhoff, Count, 48 

Douglas, Mr., account of his au- 
dience with Bonaparte, 52-56 

Dover, 69, 128, 134, 147 
Castle, 134 

Dresden, 6 

Drouet, General, 53 

Dublin, the Viceregal Court, 263 



303 



INDEX 



Dudley, Lord, 273 

Duer, Lady Cathrine, 267 

Dumont, M. Andre, 14 and note 

Dundas, Mr., 52 

Duras, Due de, 51, 106 

Duchesse de, 51, 90, 106, 122, 
137, 139, 235-36 
Dutch women, impressions, 27 

Ecole de Droits de Paris, 1S2 

Edouard, footman, 87 

Edwards, Miss, 220, 222, 229-30, 
271 

Elba, Napoleon on, account of an 
interview, 52-56; escape from, 
64 

Ellsworth, Mr., 11 

Elysee Bourbon, 98 

the, entertainments, 124, 142, 
144, 154 

Embassy, laws governing the, 
266 

England, peace policy of, 5, 6, 8-9, 
16-18, 25-26, 35; Napoleon on, 
54; and America, position in 
1816, 86; foreign policy in 1822, 
217; the mission to, 255-56 

Englishwomen, impression of, 15 

Enville, D\ See Rochefoucauld 

Escalade, the, 61 

Escar, Due d', 178 

Esterhazy, Prince, 265 

Etiquette, French, 115, 145, 195 

Eton festivities, 23, 271 

"Etrennes de la Noblesse," ex- 
tract from, 110 

Europe, American trade with, 70 

Eustace, Mr., at The Hague, 103, 
111, 113 

Fagel, Baron, 106, 109 

Fane, Lady, 208 

Favier, Mile, 233-34, 239 

Federalists, the, and the financial 

crises, vi-vii 
Ferney, a visit to, 59-61 
Few, Mrs., 211 
Finance, American, 42 
Finland, Gulf of, 4 



Fisheries question, settlement of 
the, 32-35, 126, 133 

FitzJames, Due de, 157 

Flahaut, Countess de, 234 

Florida, sale of, 142 

Fontainebleau, 63, 65, 114, 151, 
198, 200, 221, 230-32 

Footpads in London, 264 

Force, Comte Caumont la, 106, 
114, 118, 202 
Comtesse Caumont la, 106, 

114, 118, 226 
Due de Caumont la, 94, 202 
Mile Caumont la, 119 

Fouquet, Marquis de Belle-Isle, 63 

Frangais, the, 26, 68, 103, 147, 162 

France, financial condition after 
Waterloo, 88-89; internal 
trouble, 201 

Mme. de, 52 note 

Franklin, Benjamin, letter to 
Richard Bache, Postmaster- 
General, United States, vi 

French Embassy, London, 263-64, 
271 

Friendship Hill, 254 

Fulton, Robert, a story of, 146 
and note, 147 

Galati, Count Joseph, 12-13 

Galiani, Abbe, 60 

Galitzin, Mile Katinka, 94, 98, 

101, 114, 118, 167, 170, 198, 202, 

230, 232, 234, 237. See also 

Force, Comtesse Caumont la 

Prince, 94, 96, 99-101, 106, 

118 
Princess, 5S, 94, 98, 101, 106, 
118, 156, 195 

Gallatin, Albert, in America, vi- 
vii; mission to Russia, vii, 1; 
mentioned in Voltaire's letter, 
295-96; recall, 10-12; interview 
with Napoleon, 67-6S; the 
French mission, 81-S4; journey 
to France, 85; religion, 105; 
Brussels, 109; at The Hague, 
110-12; mission to England, 
125; indisposition, 139-40; re- 



304 



INDEX 



Gallatin, Albert — cont. 

lations with Spain, 142; dis- 
covery of the Trianon decree, 
1S7-90; Geneva in 1821, 191; 
his first marriage, 219, 247; the 
vice-presidency, 249, 251; con- 
ditions of English mission, 255- 
56; and George IV, 268-69 
Letters from : 

Ashburton, Lord, 276-78 
Baring, Alexander, 280-87, 

291-94 
Bonaparte, Mme., 144-45 
Humboldt, Alexander von, 

44-45 
Monroe, James, 84 
Moreau, General, 7-10 
Stael, Mme. de, 37-39 
Letters to : 

Adams, J. Q., 187-90, 258- 

61 
Baring, Alexander, 3, 279- 

80, 2S7-91 
Clay, Henrv, 269-71, 273- 

76 
Crawford, W. H., 15-19 
his brother-in-law, 2 
Jefferson, Thomas, 7S-80 
Lafayette, General, 19-20 
Monroe, James, 81-84, 88- 

89 
Stael, Mme. de, 40-44 
Albert, his son, in Paris, 78, 
94, 98, 101, 103, 125; at 
Fontainebleau, 113; life in 
America, 179, 186, 196, 207, 
217, 228-29, 233, 235, 239, 
247; illness of, 211; wife 
of, 245; the house at New 
Geneva, 250-52 
Albert, son of James, 253 
Barthelemy de, 15 and note 
Comte de, 95, 96, 106, 118-20, 

204, 223, 226 
Comtesse de, 96. 106, 11S-20, 
204, 226; and Frances, 197; 
theatricals, 208-10 
Count Paul Michael de, 12-13 
46 



Gallatin — cont. 

Frances, 78, 82; journey to 
France, 85; in Paris, 87, 94, 
96-98, 101, 103, 105, 115, 
125, 134, 135, 144-45, 175- 
76, ISO, 219; and Mme. 
Bonaparte, 91; the King's 
admiration for, 95 ; at Ver- 
sailles, 103; at Fontaine- 
bleau, 1 13, 211 ; a Christmas 
party, 116-1S; at the Opera, 
137; at the Elysee, 142; at 
Suresnes, 148-49 ; Christ- 
mas preparations, 150-51; 
pearls for, 152-53; debut, 
163, 167, 177, 1S4-85; and 
Mr. Astor, 167; sautcrie 
for, 168-70; a bal costume, 
169-71; scarlet fever, 171- 
72; at the Palais Royal, 
178; trick played by James 
on, 181-82; the Paris 
churches, 183; in society, 
190, 192, 195, 197, 204, 206, 
220, 221, 224, 225-26, 232; 
proposals, 193, 240; and 
Mamie Kitty, 205; theatri- 
cals, 208, 210; and Miss 
Edwards, 222, 229, 271; the 
Christmas play, 225-28; 
reception by the Duchesse 
d'Angouleme, 236, 238; by 
Louis XVIII, 240-41; pres- 
ent from Pozzo di Borgo, 
242; return to America, 
242-45; letter from her 
father, 246-47; and Mile 
Pascault, 248; at New 
Geneva, 250-52; at Trent- 
ham, 266; in London, 271- 
72, 276 

Frangois de, 110 

House, Geneva, 46 

James, diary of, v; mission to 
Russia, 1 et seq.; and Alex- 
ander, 24-25; at Coppet, 
58; and the Duchesse d'An- 
gouleme, 64; portrait by 
David, 64-67; and Louis 



305 



INDEX 



Gallatin, James — cont. 

XVIII, 86; a broken arm, 
174; marriage, 249-50; his 
son born, 253; the English 
mission, 256; return to 
America, 258 note 

Josephine, present from Du- 
chesse d'Angouleme, 250; 
her son born, 253; at Friend- 
ship Hill, 254-55; and the 
English mission, 256; a 
letter from, 264. See also 
Pascault, Mile Josephine 

Louis, 61 

Mile de, 152 

Mme. Albert, 45, 61, 77, 78, 
82-84; voyage to France, 
85; life in Paris, 87, 95, 96, 
98-103, 114-16, 124, 134-37 
196, 206, 208, 209, 210, 232; 
reception by the King, 89, 
92; observance of Sunday, 
94, 103, 171; visit of Louis 
XVIII to, 95; atFontaine- 
bleau, 113, 211; court func- 
tions, 116-17, 141; Christ- 
mas festivities, 117-21, 
152-53; illness of her hus- 
band, 139-40; and her son, 
142-43; and Mme. Bona- 
parte, 144-45; removal to 
Geneva, 147-48; and Fran- 
ces, 163, 168-69, 172, 185, 
195; and the "Comtesse 
de C.," 173; religion, 180; 
liking for London, 181;, 
in Aix-en-Savoi, 190-91; 
and Mme. de Boigne, 192; 
and Mrs. Montgomery, 
199-200; a kitchen scene, 
205; personality, 219, 234, 
242-43; servants, 223; and 
poor Americans, 228-29; a 
dinner in 1823, 232-35; re- 
ception by the Duchesse 
d'Angouleme, 235-36, 238; 
by Louis XVIII, 241; in 
America, 244, 251-52; and 
Mile Pascault, 248; Christ- 



Gallatin, Mme. Albert — cont. 

mas in America, 253 ; a sup- 
per at Friendship Hill, 254; 
reception at Boulogne, 257- 
58; life in London, 263-64, 
271-72, 276, 294 
Gallatin-Vaudenet, Mme. de, v, 60 
Gambier, Lord, 28, 72 
Gambling in Paris, 230; in Lon- 
don, 268 
Geneva, the Gallatins at, v, vii, 
viii, 36-38, 46-48, 56-59,85-112, 
114, 138, 147-48, 164, 191, 215, 
238; deputation from, 59; na- 
tional hymn of, 170 
Lake of, 146 
Genlis, Mme. de, 115 
George I, 24, 26 

III, 132-33 

IV, accession, 160; stories of, 
202-3; and the Gallatins, 
257; and Lady Conyngham, 
262, 272; in London, 265; 
and Albert Gallatin, 268- 
69, 276. See also Regent 

footman, 205-6 
Mile, 162 
Ghent, the treaty negotiations, v- 

vii, 20, 21, 26, 27, 35, 36, 38-44, 

51, 59; articles in the Times, 

74; terms of the treaty, 124-26, 

133 
Ghosts, family, 49 
Gobelin tapestries, 48 
Goderich, Lord, 262, 271, 273; the 

Goderich Ministry, 273-75. See 

also Robinson, Mr. 
Goltz, Comte and Comtesse, 118 
Gordon, Duke of, 52 and note, 56, 

108, 167, 184; Colonel Barry's 

letter to, 52-56; account of ball 

at Versailles, 56-57 
Gotha River, 3 
Gottenburg, 2-3, 16, 21, 280, 282, 

283, 287 
Goulburn, Henry, 28-34, 77, 126 
Grammont, Due de, 102, 106, 125- 

26 

Duchesse de, 106 






306 



INDEX 



Grande Pharamond, Fontaine- 

bleau, 230 
Grant, Mr., 274 
Grayson, Mr., 97 
Great Britain, policy towards 

United States, 275-94 
Greece, emancipation of, 253-54 
Greffuhle, M. de, 156 
Gregoire, Abbe, 149 and note 
Grenoble, 65 
Greuze, head by, 67 
Greville, Charles, 262 and note, 

267, 272 
Grey, Earl, 72, 73, 262 
Grimm, 60 
Gris Nez, Cape, 134 
Grisette, world of, Paris, 97 
Grotz, Comte and Comtesse de, 

118 
Guiccioli, Marquise de, 167 
Guiche, Comte de, 125-26 
Due de, 102, 125 



Hague, negotiations at The, 109- 

12 
Hall, Captain Basil, book of, 52 
Hanson, 17 

Harris, Mr. Levitt, 24, 25 
Harrowby, Lord, 273 
Harvey, Mr., 165 
Hautecombe, monastery of, 191 
Havre, 68, 69, 91 
Hay, Mrs., 83 

Hayti, independence of, 257, 260 
Henri II of France, 63 

IV of France, 92, 160 
Henrietta-Maria, Queen, 125-26 
Herries, Mr., 274 
Hesse-Cassel, Landgrave of, v-vi, 

116, 252 
Holland House, 271 
Horsham, 28 note 
Hortense, Queen, 49, 234 
Hotel, the term, 27 
Hotel de Ville, 155-56 
Hrushova, 10 
Hudson River, 146 note 
Humberts, the, 47 



Humboldt, Baron, aid given in the 
negotiations by, vii, 24, 26 and 
note; letter to Albert Gallatin, 
44-45; friendship with Albert 
Gallatin, 93, 100, 124, 174, 242, 
268, 269 

the brothers, 174, 185 

Hundred Days, the, 90 

Huntly, Lord. See Gordon, Duke of 

Huskisson, William, 261, 270 and 
note, 273-75 

Illinois, State of, 28 
Impressment, question of, 70 
Indemnity question, the, 166-67, 

188, 191, 227 
India, trade with, 70 
Indian tribes of North-Western 
Territory, question of sover- 
eignty, 27, 30-31 
Indiana, State of, 28 

James I, 24 

Jay, Mr., 11, 277 

Jean, footman, 87, 176 

Jefferson, Thomas, 23, 44, 45; 

letter from Albert Gallatin, 78- 

80 
Jena, 95 
Jerome, King. See Bonaparte, 

Jerome 
Jews, civil rights, 149 
"John of Bologna," statue by, 100 
Jones, Captain Lloyd, 2, 279 
Josephine, Empress, 49 note, 63 
July 4th in Paris, 210 
"Junius (Letters of)," 60 
Jura, shooting in the, 216 

Kensington, Lady, 222, 271 

Lord, 222 
Kent, Duke of, death, 154 and note 
Kew Gardens, 271 
King, Rufus, 236 and note, 255, 261 

Lafayette, Mile de, portrait by 
Mignard, 67 

M. de, friendship with Albert 
Gallatin, vii, 24, 26, 100-1, 



307 



INDEX 



Lafayette, M. de — cont. 

106, 124, 172, 174, 181, 107, 
209, 214, 235, 242; letter 
from Albert Gallatin, 19- 
20; letter to W. II. Craw- 
ford, 21-23; opinion of Na- 
poleon, 78; visit of the Gal- 
latins to, 91; on liberty, 
120; the conspiracy, 165; 
mysterious visits of, 212-13, 
221-22; visit to America, 
236, 253-54; and the Due 
d'Orleans,257; at Boulogne, 
257; petty plots, 259-60 
Lafitte, M., 165 
Laflage, Mile, 115 
Lakes, the Great, question of con- 
trol, 28, 31 
Lansdowne, Marchioness of, 272 

Marquis of, 72, 270, 273, 275 
Lauriston, Marquis de, 168 
Lausanne, address from president 

of, to Albert Gallatin, 50 
Laval, Comte de, 232 
Lavalette, Monsieur de, 48 
Lavalle, Due de, 179-80 
Duchesse de, 179-80 
Law, of South Sea Bubble fame, 

168 
Lawrence, Mr., 261, 268, 276 
Leeds, Duke of, 62 note 
Leicester House, Leicester Fields, 

24 
Leman, Lake, 48 
Lent in Paris, 103-5, 144-45, 178, 

203, 238 
Leopold, Prince, 256 
Lethene, Agnes, 218 
Lieven, Prince, 12 and note, 19, 
261-62 

Princess, 262 
Liverpool, Lord, the negotiations, 
20, 21, 28, 30, 32, 59, 74; illness 
and death, 265-66, 268 
Livingstone, Mr., 181, 194 
Lloyd's list, 279 
Loire, the, 212, 219 
London, impressions, 14, 15, 125- 
26, 131-33; the delegates in, 14, 



London — cont. 

20, 21 ; Seymour Street, 14, 256; 
Sunday in, 29; Albert Gallatin 
in, 1815, 69-77; St. James's 
Street, 69, 265; the Mall, 73, 
265-67, 272; the mission to, 
1826, 255-56 

Londonderry, Lord. See Castle- 
reagh, Lord 

Louis XIV, 63, 87; customs, 26, 
114 

XV, ball at Versailles, 52 note; 
marriage, 57 note 

XVI, marriage, 56-57; death, 
150 

XVII, impersonation in Amer- 
ica, 237, 242 

XVIII, and Albert Gallatin, 
iii, 124, 154, 193; laws of, 
14 note ; letters of, 56; re- 
ception of Albert Gallatin, 
63-64, 86-87, 88, 92, 240- 
41; news of Napoleon's 
escape, 64-65; flight with 
royal family from Paris, 
65-66; message to Mine. 
Jerome Bonaparte, 90-91; 
reception of Mme. Gallatin, 
89, 92; visit to Mme. Gal- 
latin, 95; at the Petit Lac, 
101-2; and the Orleans 
family, 106, 140; and De- 
cazes, 123; illness, 149, 177, 
183,195,211,222,229,236; 
death of the Due de Berri, 
157-58,162; and Richelieu, 
161 ; and Chateaubriand, 
164 ; and Due de Bordeaux, 
167; and the confession of 
the Duchesse de Berri, 180; 
and Mme. du Cay la, 200, 
202, 211, 223, 229, 241; an 
American's regard for, 237; 
letter to Albert Gallatin, 
243; death, 250 

footman, S7 
Louvel, assassin of Due de Berri, 

160, 162-64 
Louvre, bomb explosion, 162 



308 



INDEX 



Lucien, valet, 87, 91, 111, 128, 
131-32, 134, 140, 148, 175, 218, 
223, 243, 247, 250 

Lucy, Lady, 264 

Lullins, the, 47 

Lussac, Gay de, 44, 45, 87, 197, 
204, 212, 226 

Luxembourg, 145 

Luynes, Duchesse de, 216 

Macon, 63 

Madison, President, vi, 1, 34, 55 

Maille, Comtesse de, 230 
Due de, 158-59 

Maison Doree, 94, 141, 239 

Maisons de jeu, 207 

Malibran, 208 

Mamie Kitty, nigger cook, 205-6, 
212-13, 225-26 

Mantes, 68 

Marais, the, Paris, 173 

Marchmont, Mr., 110-11 

Marie-Antoinette, 52 note, 56, 71, 
184 

Marie-Louise, 55-56 

Marie-Theresa, 60 

Marmiers, the, 63 

Marmont, Marshal, Napoleon on, 
55 

Maubourg, M. Latour, 168 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Grand 
Duke of, 58 

Mer de Glace, the, 215 

Metternich, Prince, Napoleon on, 
54; policy, 261 

Meunier, Baron, 168 

Meyer and Bruxner, Messrs., 280 

Michael, Count Paul, 152 

Michigan, State of, 28 

Mignard, portrait of Mile de 
Lafayette, 67 

Milan decree, 187, 188, 190, 298 

Milligan, George, 2 

Mississippi, navigation of the, 32- 
33, 34, 35, 133 

Monroe, James, 21 note, 34; let- 
ters from Albert Gallatin, 21, 
29, 81-84, 88-89; presses the 
French mission on Albert Gal- 



Monroe, James — cont. 

latin, 80-82; letter to Albert 
Gallatin, 84 
Mrs., 83 
Monsieur, and Albert Gallatin, 86, 
95, 193; visit to Mme. Gallatin, 
95; alleged intrigues, 113, 149, 
201; and Wellington, 138; and 
the death of the Due de Berri, 
157; promise to Richelieu, 161; 
at {Versailles, 183; adieu to the 
Gallatins, 241; letter to Albert 
Gallatin, 243 
Montesquieu, Guy de, 207, 209 
Mile, de, 226 
Mme. de, 230 
Montgomery, Mrs., a letter to, 

199-200; kindness of, 244 
Montmorency, Due de, 51, 57, 
223, 227 

Duchesse de, 223 
Mathieu de, Governor of 
Compiegne, 151, 152, 178, 
263-64 
Vicomte de, 241 
Moreau, Gen., conversation with 
Albert Gallatin, vii, 6-10; ac- 
count of, 6 note ; death, 10; 
silver of, 121 
Morgan, Lady, 179 
Morlaix, 6 note 
Mormornsen, cat, 209 
Mourussa, the cat, 99 
Murats, the, 190 
Murillo, a madonna by, 67 

Napoleon III, 49 note 

Narishkin, M., 229 

Navigation Laws, repeal of, 270 

note 
Naville, Adrien, 152, 153, 214 
family, the, 47, 59, 191, 215 
M., 46, 121; letters from Al- 
bert Gallatin to, 67 
Necker, Mme., 43, 60 

M., 52 
Nelson, Lord, the battle of Copen- 
hagen, 3-4 
Neptune, the, 2, 75, 76,279,280,286 



309 



INDEX 



Nesselrode, Count, 5 
Netherlands, Albert Gallatin sent 

to, 103-4 
Newcastle, United States, 2 
New England States, the, 17 

Geneva, the house at, 196, 

242, 246-47, 250, 255 
Orleans, defence, 44, 45 
Year in Paris, 94, 118-19, 137, 
149, 154, 193-94, 224-29; in 
Baltimore, 249; in London, 
265 
York, 78, 81, 243-44 
Niagara, Fort, 28 
Nicholas V, Pope, 57 note 
Nicholson, maiden name of Mme. 

Gallatin, 105 
Nicholsons, the, reception of the 

Gallatins, 244 
Norfolk, newspaper report of, 16 
North Cray, 214 

North-Western Territory, question 
of Indian sovereignty, 27-28, 
30-31 
Norway, England and Russia, 

policy towards, 4 
Notre Dame, Paris, ceremony on 

Christmas Eve, 94 
Nova Scotia, trade with, 70 
Nunez, Due de Fernan, 106, 239 

O'Connor, General, 184 
Mme., 184 

O'Donnell, Mr., 248 

Mrs., nee Pascault, 248 

Ogle-Taylor, Mr., 194 

Ohio, State of, 28 

"One- Year Queen of Bohemia," 
the, 24 

Orleans, Due d', and Mme. de 
Boigne, 93; return to France, 
106 and note; intrigues, 140, 201 ; 
the death of the Due de Berri, 
157; children of, 178; the skat- 
ing carnival, 198; at the Tuile- 
ries, 221; at the Gallatins', 
228, 232-35; and Mme. Bona- 
parte, 237; Lafayette and, 257; 
claim to the throne, 260 



Orleans, Due d' — ami. 

Duchesse of, return to France, 
106-7; at the Palais Royal, 
149; and the death of Due 
de Berri, 157; at the Tuile- 
ries, 177, 221; the skating 
carnival, 198; and the Gal- 
latins, 227-28, 232-35, 241 

family, return to France, 93, 
154; the royal family and, 
144; innovations at court, 
149; and birth of Due de 
Bordeaux, 166-67 ; recep- 
tions at the Palais Royal, 
209; reception at the Span- 
ish Embassy, 227 

Mile d\ 107, 158, 160, 177, 
178, 228, 232, 241 

the Regent, 115 
Orsay, Comte D', 106,] 121, 125, 
136, 150 

Comtesse D\ 106, 125, 150 

Mile D', married Due de 
Guiche, 125 
Osmond family, the, 104 

Marquis d', 92 and note, 220 

Marquise d', 220 

Mme., invitation from, 206-8, 
209 

M. d\ 106, 120 and note, 206- 
8,209 
Ostend, 110 
Ourousoffs, the, 101 

Pajol, General, 165 

Palais Royal, gardens, 91, 93, 102; 
the Orleans family established 
at, 106, 160, 166, 241; recep- 
tions, &c, 124, 141, 154, 178, 
192, 194, 209, 229, 232, 235 
Royal, the old, 173 

Palmerston, Lord, 274 

Papal Nuncio, the, at the Spanish 
Embassy, 171, 208 

Paris, impressions, 14, 26, 41, 73; 
visit of the Gallatins, 1815, 
63; Rue de Monsieur, 64; ar- 
rival of Napoleon, 65-68; cere- 
mony in the Champs de Mars, 



310 



INDEX 



Paris — cont. 
75; return of the Gallatins in 
1816, 85; Rue de l'Universitg, 
87; gardens of the Palais Royal, 
91; public baths, 111; return of 
the Gallatins, September 1817, 
113; Christmas and the New 
Year in, 115-20, 137, 152-53, 
174, 193-94, 224-29; return of 
James Gallatin in 1818, 134-35; 
in 1819, 149; in 1822, 217; in 
1826, 258 
Parish and Girard, Messrs., vi-vii 

Mr., 188 
Parker, Mr., 91, 213 
Pascault, brother of M. Pascault, 
248 

Mile Henrietta. See Reubel, 

Mme. 
Mile Josephine, beauty of, 
237-38, 245-49; marriage 
to James Gallatin, 249-50 
Mme., 246, 248 
M. (Marquis de Poleon), 61, 
62, 237, 245, 246 and note, 
247-48; and the Arch- 
bishop of Baltimore, 249- 
50; illness, 251-52 
Pasquier, M., 168 
Patiomkin, Princess, 58 
Patterson, Mr., 245, 247 

Mrs. Robert, 194, 197, 200; 
married Marquis of Welles- 
ley, 222, 263 and note 
Robert, 165, 263 note 
Pavilion Henri Quatre, St. Ger- 
main, 204 
Peace, European Treaty of, 23 
with United States, the treaty 
signed, 35 
Peacock, the, 85, 240, 243 
Peel, Mr., 273-74 
Pennsylvania, 195 
Peter, black servant, 96, 140 
Petit Lac, Bois de Boulogne, skat- 
ing on the, 101, 119, 195, 198- 
99, 202, 226-27, 232 
Petit Trianon, the, 26 
Pickering, 17 



Pictet, Mile, 105, 118 
M., 50 

Pin, Tour du, 231 

Pitt, William, 60 

Place, M. la, 94, 100-1, 124, 242 
and note 

Plaisance, Due, 100 
Duchesse, 100 

Poitiers, Diane de, 63 

Poix, Prince de, 151, 230 

Poleon, Marquis de. See Pas- 
cault, M. 

Poletica, Mr., 16, 19 

Polignac, Jules de, 263 

Pope, the, and Napoleon, 54, 63 

Portal, M., Marine and Roy, 168 

Portland, Duke of, 273 

Portugal, affairs in, 1827, 275-76 

Prangins, 49 

Praslin, Due de Choiseul, 63-64 

Pregny, 60, 61, 138, 146 

Press of 1816, sympathy with 
Napoleon, 86 

Prussia, Queen of, 48 

Puysegur, friendship of, 102, 135, 
155, 159, 209-10 

Quellon, M. du, 200 
Quincy, 17 

Racine, Phedre, 26 
Ratifar, M., chef, 87 
R6becque, Baron Constant, 93, 
112 
Mme. de, 112 
Recamier, Mme., 61, 93, 104, 121, 

136-37, 139, 150-51, 190, 194 
Red Indians, 32 

Regent, the (afterwards George 
IV), 15; and Albert Gallatin, 72, 
77; at Brighton, 127-31; ap- 
pearance, 265. See also George 
IV 
Renaissance architecture, 218 
Reubel, Frederic, 246, 255 

General, 62, 245, 248-49, 252 
Mile, 246, 248 
Mme., 62. 237, 245, 248, 252, 
255 



311 



INDEX 



Revolution, the French, references 
to, 61, 146-47, 164 

Richelieu, Due de, and Albert 
Gallatin, 86 and note, 91, 94, 
100, 138, 139, 149; resignation, 
123, 137; and the Queen of 
Sweden, 137, 161-62, 163, 194, 
223; pension, 138; refuses office, 
161 ; Monsieur and, 161 ;and Cha- 
teaubriand, 164; and the in- 
demnity, 166-67, 188; return to 
power, 168; honesty of, 174; 
death, 203-4; and Mme. du 
Cayla, 223 

Ministry, the, 168 

Richmond, 271 

Robespierre, 7 

Robinson, Mr. Frederic (after- 
wards Viscount Goderich), Vice- 
President of Board of Trade, 72 
and note; the negotiations in 
London, 73-77; terms of Ghent 
treaty, 126, 133 

Rocca, M., 104, 216 and note 

Rochefoucauld d'Enville, Due de 
la, 26, 89, 94, 150, 229 
Mathieu de la, 200 
Sosthene de la, 94, 102, 150, 
155, 169, 223 

Rochejacquelin, M. de, 122 

Rochment, Pictet de, 118 

Rocky Mountains, and the bound- 
ary question, 275 

"Roger de Coverley," 119 

Rogers, Captain, of the Peacock, 
85, 243 

Rohan, Due de, 106 

Rohan-Chabot, M., 157 

Role, Chateau du, 214, 216 

Rolle, 48 

Romanzoff, Count, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13 

Rome, 144 

Romilly, Mme. Meunier, portrait 
of Albert Gallatin, 61-62 

Rosbach, 295, 296 

Rosette, danseuse, 92, 93 

Rosey, M. Du, 216 

Rothschild, M., 76, 104 

Rouen, 68, 69 



Rousseau, theories, v 

"Rout," a London, 265, 272 

Rovigo, Due de, the conspiracy, 
165 

Rozay, Chateau de, 48 
Mile Rolaz du, 48 

Rush, Mr., 16, 125, 126, 132; dis- 
patches to, 233, 260-61 

Russell, Mr., appointed on the 
Peace Commission, 16, 28, 33 

Rutland, Duchess of, 265 

Sacconnex, 58-59, 216 

Sackett's Harbour, 28 

St. Cloud, 208, 211, 221, 240 

Domingo, massacre on, 53, 62, 

246 note 
Germain, 204-5, 211 
Helena, 111, 186; "The Man- 
uscript of St. Helena," 121 
James's, Court of, 236 note 
Lawrence River, navigation, 

70 
Mary's River, navigation laws, 

192 
Paul's Cathedral, 70 
Petersburg, vi, 279; impres- 
sions, 4, 10, 14, 15, 174-75 
Pierre, Cathedral of, 38, 61 
Pierre de Challiot, 202 
Sebastian, Amsterdam, 187 
Sainte-Chapelle, the, 126 
Saladins, the, 47 
Salon, customs of the. 47 
Sanglier, chasse au, 113-14, 151- 

52, 200 
Sarrasins, the, 47 
Savigliano in the Piedmont, 12 
Savoy, Duke of, 50 

Dukes of, burial-place, 191 
Saye and Sele, Lord, 70-71 
"Schottische," the, 115 
Seine, the, 116; steamboats, 146 

note; baths in the, 211 
Sellon, Comte de, 47, 48, 51, 191, 
214 

Hortense de, 48, 49 
Senarclan, M. de, 50 
Sennox, 245 



312 



INDEX 



Serent, Due de, 151 
Duchesse de, 241 

Sergy, 50 

Serre, M. de, vi, 168 

Sevenoaks, 128 

Sheldon, Mr., 87 and note, 113, 
167, 201 

Sicily, 23 

Sigismonde, M., 56 

Simeon, M., 168 

Simplon Pass, the, 55 

Sismondi, M. J. C. L., apprecia- 
tion of Albert Gallatin, 38, 47 
and note, 51 

Skating, 195, 198, 202, 226-27, 
232 

Slave trade, Alexander on the, 23 ; 
Napoleon on the, 53, 68; the 
captured slaves, indemnity for 
owners, 126, 259 

Soltz, Comte and Comtesse, 106 

Sophia, Electres3, 24; stories of, 
26, 27 

Sorel, Agnes, 57 note, 218 

South American Republics, 142 

Spain, and the Treaty of 1819, 142 

Spanish colonies revolt, 142, 253 
Embassy, Paris, 171, 208, 227, 
239 

Spartan, frigate, 2 

Specie payments, suspension of, in 
United States, 81 

Stadinck, Marshal, 22 

Stael, Mme. de, friendship for 
Albert Gallatin, vii, 46, 266; and 
Alexander, 23-25; letters to 
Albert Gallatin, 1814, 37-39; 
letter from Albert Gallatin, 40- 
44; life at Coppet, 50-52, 56-58, 
71, 89; "Corinne" presented to 
James Gallatin, 58; Byron and, 
59; question of her fortune, 67, 
104; in Paris, 93, 94, 100-1; 
and Wellington, 102; illness and 
death, 108-9; habits, 122, 145 
Albertine de, 51, 56. See also 

Broghe, Duchesse de 
Auguste de, 39, 43, 51, 109, 
216 



Stafford, Marchioness of, 71, 232, 

235, 261-62, 266 
Stirling, Lord, 267 
Stratford, Lord, 62 note 
Strong, 17 
Stuart, Chevalier, 106, 118-19, 169, 

204, 208 
Sunday, in London, 15; in Paris, 94 
Suresnes, 148-49 
Sutherland,- Countess of. See 

Stafford, Marchioness of 
Sweden, Queen of, wife of Berna- 

dotte, 122 and note; and M. 

de Richelieu, 137, 161, 163, 194, 

203, 204, 223; a lampoon on, 

151 
Swiss girls, habits of, 217 

Talleyrand, Prince, 106, 123-24, 

162-63, 227, 265, 268 
Talma, actor, 162 
Talmont, Princesse de, 122 
Tankerville, Lord, 126 
Terror, the, 146-47, 164 
Tete de Noire Pass, Chamounix, 

215 
Thenard, 44, 45 
Thome, the Misses, 204 
Tilsit, Treaty of, 54 
Times, the, criticism of the Treaty 

of Ghent, 74 
Todd, John, 2 
Tortoni's, 208, 212 
Tour, Balliet La, friendship, 102, 

118 

Carillon la, 195, 212 
Mme. Carillon la, 195, 230 
Tower of London, 70, 132 
Tracy, Mr., 19 
Treasury, Paris, bomb explosions, 

177 
United States, offer to Albert 
Gallatin, 84-85 
Trentham, entertainment at, 262, 

266 
Trianon Decree of August 5, 1810, 

187-90 
Trois Freres Provenceaux, 183 
Tudert, Sarah, 218 



313 



INDEX 



Tuileries, reception of Napoleon, 
65-66; etiquette, 124; funeral 
of the Due de Berri, 159; Du- 
chesse de Berri at, 162; bomb 
explosion at, 177; receptions, 
&c, 177, 210, 220-21 

Twenty years' war in Europe, 41 

Uniontown, reception of Lafay- 
ette, 253-54 

United States, Trianon decree of 
August 5, 1810, 297-98 

Valliere, Mile de la, 126 

Vaud, Canton de, address to Al- 
bert Gallatin, 50, 59 

Vaux Praslin, 63 

Veronese, Paolo, "Queen Esther 
before Ahasuerus," 67 

Versailles, the Petit Trianon, 26; 
entertainment at, 52 note, 56-57, 
183-84; the Lussacs at, 87; 
visits to, 103; the Duchesse 
d'Angouleme and, 211 

Vestris, Mme. Le, 182 

Veufflans, Chateau de, above Lau- 
sanne, 50 

Vienna, Congress of, 37, 74, 79 

Villar, Due de, 60 

Ville Juis, 55 

Villele, M. de, 227, 257, 260 

Vilette, Mme. de la, 61 

Vincennes, skating at, 174 

Vincent, Baron, 106, 239 

"Vivian Grey," 267 

Vodka, popularity of, 6 

Voltaire, v, 56, 59-61, 105, 184; 
letter to Count d'Argental, 
295-96 

Vosges Mountains, 60 

Waddington, Mme., 236 note 
Waldorf, 80 
Walewski, Count, 234 
Walpole, Lord, 13, 287 
Warden, Mr., 44, 45 
Warren, Admiral, passport of, 2, 
280 



Washington, capture of, 40-41; 
impressions, 73; Albert Gallatin 
in, 83, 84, 244 
President, 11, 56 

Waterloo, 76; the plains of, 111 

Watts, Lady Mary, 267 
Mr., 267 

Weald of Sussex, 132 

Wellesley, Lady. See Patterson, 
Mrs. Robt. 

Marquis of, 62 note, 222, 263 
note 

Wellington, Duke of, 28 note, 62 
note, 90, 141 and note, 265; pri- 
vate notes to Albert Gallatin, 34- 
35; and Mme. de Stael, 39, 51; 
the negotiations, 59; and Albert 
Gallatin, 73; on the Treaty of 
Ghent, 74; Waterloo, 76; and 
James Gallatin, 93; personality, 
102; attempt on his life, 104; 
dinner given by, 106; and the 
French Royal Family, 138; 
amours, 165; and Mrs. Robert 
Patterson, 194, 222, 263 note ; 
purchase of the Hotel Borghese, 
220 note ; and Canning, 269; 
a banquet, 271-72; command of 
the Army, 273, 274 

West India trade, settlement of 
the question, 70, 126, 133 

Western Virginia, Albert Gallatin's 
love for, 196, 217, 219, 224; the 
house in, 244-45 

Westmoreland, Countess of, 141 
and note, 144, 208 

Westphalia, Court of, 252, 255 

Weyer, M. Van der, 256 

Whigs, policy of the, 1827, 270 

White Hart Inn, 271 

White's Club, 132, 203; gambling 
at, 263, 264 

Wigs, Bonaparte fashion of wear- 
ing, 248 

Wisconsin, State of, 28 

Wurtemberg, King of, 96 



York, Duke of, death, 265-67 
York House, 265 



314 



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